Comparison of effects of propofol and ketofol (Ketamine-Propofol mixture) on emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of propofol and ketofol (ketamine-propofol mixture) on EA in children undergoing tonsillectomy.Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 87 ASA class I and II patients, aged 3-12 years, who underwent tonsillectomy, were divided into two groups to receive  either propofol 100 µg/kg/min (group p, n=44) or ketofol : ketamine 25 µg/kg/min + propofol 75 µg/kg/min (group k, n= 43). Incidence and severity of EA was evaluated using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scales on arrival at the recovery room, and 10 and 30 min after that time.   Results: There was no statistically significant difference in demographic data between the two groups. In the ketofol group, the need for agitation treatment and also mean recovery duration were lower than in the propofol group (30 and 41%, and 29.9 and 32.7 min), without statistically significant difference (P value=0.143 and P value=0.187). Laryngospasm or bronchospasm occurred in 2 patients in each group and bleeding was observed in only one individual in the ketofol group.Conclusion: Infusion of ketofol in children undergoing tonsillectomy provides shorter recovery time and lower incidence of EA despite the non significant difference with propofol.Keywords:  Emergence agitation, ketofol, propofol

Comparison of effects of propofol and ketofol (Ketamine-Propofol mixture) on emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of propofol and ketofol (ketamine-propofol mixture) on EA in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 87 ASA class I and II patients, aged 3-12 years, who underwent tonsillectomy, were divided into two groups to receive either propofol 100 \ub5g/kg/min (group p, n=44) or ketofol : ketamine 25 \ub5g/kg/min + propofol 75 \ub5g/kg/min (group k, n= 43). Incidence and severity of EA was evaluated using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scales on arrival at the recovery room, and 10 and 30 min after that time. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in demographic data between the two groups. In the ketofol group, the need for agitation treatment and also mean recovery duration were lower than in the propofol group (30 and 41%, and 29.9 and 32.7 min), without statistically significant difference (P value=0.143 and P value=0.187). Laryngospasm or bronchospasm occurred in 2 patients in each group and bleeding was observed in only one individual in the ketofol group. Conclusion: Infusion of ketofol in children undergoing tonsillectomy provides shorter recovery time and lower incidence of EA despite the non significant difference with propofol. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.50 Cite as: Jalili S, Esmaeeili A, Kamali K, V R. Comparison of effects of propofol and ketofol (Ketamine-Propofol mixture) on emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1). 1736-1744. https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/ ahs. v19i1.5

The Mediating Role of Self- Control in the Relationship between Emotion Regulation and Addiction Potential among Students

Introduction: Psychological factors are very important variables in the addiction potential. The aim of current research was to investigate the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between emotion regulation and addiction potential among university students. Methods: This research was cross-sectional correlational. The statistical population of the present study included students from Yasouj University in the academic year 2017-18. 394 of the university students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to the Iranian scale of addiction potential, emotion regulation subscale, and self-control scale. The gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, path analysis and sobel test (p≤0.05). Results: Results showed that, emotion regulation could negatively predict addiction potential (p=0.01) and positively predict self-control (p=0.01). Also emotion regulation could indirectly predict addiction potential with the mediating role of self- control (p=0.01) Conclusion: The results of current research implies the importance of psychological factors such as emotion regulation and self- control in explaining addiction potential. Also, the role of emotional regulation in direct and indirect explanation of addiction is important

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Emotional Maturity and Occupational Stress of Nurses

Introduction: Emotional maturity and occupational stress can play an important role in explaining the general health of nurses and their job performance. Mindfulness interventions have been increasingly used in different situations. The aim of present research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on emotional maturity and occupational stress of nurses. Methods: In this study, the research method was semi-experimental and the pretest- posttest design with control group was used. The statistical population in this study was nurses of Hajar hospital in Tehran in August 2017. 24 volunteer nurses were selected based on convenience sampling and were randomly assigned in to experiment and control groups (each group 14 individuals). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of mindfulness training and the control group received no intervention. Occupational stress and emotional maturity questionnaires were used for data collection. The gathered data were analyzed by SPSS (version 18) using multivariate analysis of covariance (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed that there are significant differences between post-test scores of the experimental and control group and mindfulness training could significantly improve emotional maturity (p= 0.001) and reduce occupational stress (p= 0.001). Conclusion: Mindfulness is beneficial for improving emotional maturity and reducing occupational stress among nurses

Spiritual Health, Family Hardiness and Family Satisfaction: A Comparison between Addicts and Non-addicts

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective:Spirituality and family are two important components in determining the psychological and social damages. The purpose of this study was to compare addicts and non-addicts in terms of spiritual health, family hardiness, and family satisfaction.Method: The present study is a causal-comparative one whose statistical population consisted of all male addicts in Dehdasht city in 2015. In the present study, 70 addicts were selected through cluster random sampling method and also 70 non-addicts who were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics with addicts were selected through convenience sampling. Both groups completed the spiritual health questionnaire, family hardiness index, and family satisfaction questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between addicts and non-addicts. The scores of addicts on all three variables of spiritual health (religious health and existential health), family hardiness, and family satisfaction were lower than non-addicts (P<0.001).Conclusion: It can be concluded that addicts are at disadvantage in terms of spiritual health, family hardiness, and family satisfaction compared to non-addicts. In addition, in the treatment of addiction, these variables can be included as levers in the programs.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here

Survey the effects of live rainbow trout handling on fish meat quality

This research was performed to survey the live handling condition of Rainbow trout in Tehran province and determine the effects of this method on the quality of the flesh regarding with water binding capacity, pH changes, moisture, fat and protein content in different seasons of year. Based on reviews of Questionnaires, there were 20 main live rainbow trout sale centers in Tehran. 10 numbers of these were in fruit and vegetable centers of municipality and others were out of these centers. Live fish handling to in these areas mainly was performed from fish farms located in the Haraz road (85 percent), farms of Firoozkooh road (10 percent) and others were (5 percent) from neighboring provinces. The results of this study indicated that current methods of live handling in Tehran (the transporting time 4 h and the density of fish in tank 100-150 kg /m^2) meat quality of transported trout was not affected. Water holding capacity of transported fish was less than caught fish in the fields. This amount was reached to lowest level in in summer as well as the differences between the two groups were significant (P<0.05). Also, when a meat pH level was elevated, water holding capacity was reduced. In summer, the amount of WHC in transported fish was 13.4% that was a highest value between the seasons. Appears that in the summer, high temperature and increasing kinds of stresses to fish during handling due to excessive accumulation of metabolites such as ammonia, muscle energy sources emptied because of high activity. In this condition, falling of pH during postmortem changes being moderated and lead to increase drip loss in the transported sample

Cold pasteurization of rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with gamma rays and shelf life assessment at refrigerated condition

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma rays on shelf life and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during refrigerating condition. Quality and shelf life of non-irradiated and irradiated (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy) Rainbow trout stored at +4 C was investigated by measurement of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis .Irradiation of fillets was performed by gamma rays from a Co60 source. Microbial counts for non-irradiated trout fillet samples were higher than respective irradiated fish. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) values was increased from 7 mg/100 g for non-irradiated to 52.7 mg/100 g after 15 days storage at refrigerator, whereas for irradiated fish lower values of 39.4, 37.6, 28.7, 25.6, 24.8 and 23.2 mg/100 g were recorded at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy, respectively (day 15).initial amount of peroxide value in non irradiated sampleswas 0.8 meq/kg and was increased to 7 meq/kg (7 day).Highest amount of peroxide after irradiation process was belonged to samples irradiated by 4.5 kGy (1.5 meq/kg). Also, total viable count of irradiated samples were decreased significantly (p<0.05). On nutritional aspect, results showed that total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (p<0.001) with increasing irradiation dose , so that the control sample and fish muscles that irradiated with 4.5 kGy had the lowest and highest amounts of total saturated fatty acids (20.454 ± 0.011% and 19.228 ± 0.040% , respectively). The amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in irradiated samples were significantly lower than control sample (p<0.001) and amounts of total monounsaturated (MUFAs) were significantly higher than control samples (p<0.001). The results were indicated that the highest content of MUFAs and PUFAs were in samples irradiated with 3.75kGy (37.783± 0.092 %) and control samples (37.677± 0.104 %), respectively .The lowest level of MUFAs and PUFAs were in control samples (36.596 ± 0.024%) and 4.5 kGy (36.459 ± 0.047%), respectively. Altogether, results of this study were determined that irradiation treatment changes significantly the fatty acid composition especially polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout muscle (P<0.001). Overall, irradiation of fillet by 3.75 kGy had best results on increasing shelf life of fillet at refrigerator (between 11-15 days) and had no advers effect on fatty acid composition of Rainbo trout fillet