Opettajien, sosiaalityöntekijöiden ja sairaanhoitajien käsitys taidoistaan tunnistaa ja auttaa mielenterveysongelmissa.

Syventävä työ ei kirjastoss

Opettajien, sosiaalityöntekijöiden ja sairaanhoitajien käsitys taidoistaan tunnistaa ja auttaa mielenterveysongelmissa.

Syventävä työ ei kirjastoss

Idiopathic generalised epilepsies with 3 Hz and faster spike wave discharges: A population-based study with evaluation and long-term follow-up in 71 patients

For several years we have been following patients with intractable, childhood-onset idiopathic generalised epilepsies with ≥ 3 Hz spike-wave discharges. Our need to find explanations for their intractability was the starting point for this study. We were interested in identifying characteristics, which would predict intractability; evaluating how these patients were treated and whether polytherapy was useful. We identified patients with ≥ 3 Hz spike-wave discharges by reviewing EEG reports recorded between 1983 and 1992. Data were collected from medical records and through personal interviews. We identified 82 patients with tentative idiopathic generalised epilepsy. Eleven were excluded. Thirty-eight patients had childhood absence epilepsy, 18 had juvenile absence epilepsy, 13 had juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and two had eyelid myoclonia with absences: 89.5, 78, 38 and 0% of the patients in each group, respectively, had been seizure free for more than 2 years. Twenty percent of the patients had intractable seizures. All intractable patients with juvenile absence epilepsy had rhythmic, random eyelid blinking and generalised tonic-clonic seizures. A history of more than ten generalised tonic-clonic seizures was associated with intractability in juvenile myoclonic patients. Monotherapy with ethosuximide or valproate resulted in seizure control in 65% of patients. Seventeen patients (24%) were treated with polytherapy, six achieved remission. These six patients had childhood absence epilepsy and juvenile absence epilepsy. Positive outcome was found in childhood absence epilepsy and juvenile absence epilepsy. Intractable seizures were more frequent among patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. None of them benefited from polytherapy with conventional anti-epileptic drugs.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Kasvunsääteiden vaikutusmekanismit lihasian ruuansulatuskanavassa

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Effect of dietary carbadox or formic acid and fibre level on ileal and faecal nutrient digestibility and microbial metabolite concentrations in ileal digesta of the pig

A digestibility trial was carried out on six castrates (39-83 kg body weight) in a 6 x 4 change-over design to investigate the effects of dietary carbadox (50 mg/kg feed) and formic acid (8 g/kg feed) supplementations on the apparent ileal and faecal digestibility of nutrients and fermentation characteristics in the ileal digesta of pigs fed medium- or high-fibre diets (neutral detergent fibre 189 and 219 g/kg dry matter, respectively). The pigs were fitted with T-cannulas according to the steered ileaocaecal valve technique. The true ileal digestibility of lysine supplied by soyabean meal was determined by the homoarginine method. Both carbadox and formic acid improved significantly the apparent ileal digestibility of several essential and nonessential amino acids in the high-fibre diet but not in the medium-fibre diet. Neither carbadox nor formic acid influenced the true ileal digestibility of lysine supplied by soyabean meal (P = 0.78). The additives decreased the ileal flow of purines (P = 0.01) and tended to decrease that of bacterial nitrogen (P = 0.07), which indicates that improved apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities were probably due to reduced bacterial protein synthesis in the ileal digesta. The additives increased the apparent ileal and faecal digestibilities of ether extract (P = 0.01), formic acid more than carbadox (P = 0.01). The apparent ileal digestibilities of crude protein and calcium were improved in the high-fibre diet (P = 0.01) but not in the medium-fibre diet (P = 0.87 and 0.80, respectively). The additives decreased the lactate (P = 0.02) and increased the acetate concentration (P = 0.01) in ileal digesta samples 6 h postprandial. The change in lactate concentration was greater for the formic acid than carbadox supplemented diets (P = 0.01). Propionate, n-butyrate and ammonia concentrations were not influenced significantly by dietary treatments. In conclusion, the positive effect of dietary carbadox or formic acid supplementation on the apparent ileal digestibility of protein and other nutrients depended on diet composition. The additives did not affect the true ileal digestibility in soyabean meal. The improved apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities were probably partly due to the reduced flow of bacterial nitrogen in the ileum, but this requires further investigation.vokEripainoksi saatavissa tekijält

Tiivistelmä: Lypsylehmien rehuhyötysuhde paremmaksi eläinjalostuksella

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