Experimental study of surface pressures induced on a flat plate and a body of revolution by various dual jet configurations

The effect of the angle of a jet to a crossflow, the performance of dual jet configurations, and a jet injected from a body of revolution as opposed to a flat plate were investigated during experiments conducted in the 7x10 tunnel at NASA Ames at Velocities from 14.5 m/sec to 35.8 m/sec (47.6 to 117.4 ft/sec.). Pressure distributions are presented for single and dual jets over a range of velocity ratios from 2 to 10, spacings from 2 to 6 diameters and injection angles of 90, 75, 60, and 105 degrees. For the body of revolution tests, the ratio of the jet to body diameters was set as large (1/2) in order to be more representative of V/STOL aircraft applications. Flat plate tests involved dual jets both aligned and in side by side configurations. The effects of the various parameters and the differences between the axisymmetric and planar body geometrics on the nature, size, shape, and strength of the interaction regions on the body surfaces are shown. Some flowfield measurements are also presented, and it is shown that a simple analysis is capable of predicting the trajectories of the jets

Rearward-facing steps in laminar supersonic flows with and without suction

An experimental investigation of heat-transfer and pressure distributions within regions of laminar separated flows produced by two-dimensional rearward-facing steps has been carried out at freestream Mach numbers of around 4 in the range of step height-to-boundary layer thickness varying from 0.1 to 2.4. With no suction from the separated area, the ratio of the maximum post-step heat transfer to the attached-flow values was less than unity. The maximum heating-rate region was located far downstream of the reattachment plate stagnation point. Mass suction from the separated area increased the local heating rates, this effect was however relatively weak for purely laminar flow conditions and the competing effect of the step height clearly predominated. At step heights comparable with boundary-layer thickness, even removing the entire approaching boundary layer was not sufficient to raise the post-step heating rates above the flat-plate values

Transnational tourist destination management: a case study of the Baltic sea region

The issue of tourist destination management has been widely reflected in scientific literature. However, transnational destinations, i.e. those that are located on the territory of several countries, have not been given enough attention. The development of transnational destinations can occur provided there is close cooperation among key stakeholders. In the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) conditions for effective cooperation were created at the end of the 20th century when integration processes intensified. Currently, the BSR is the first macro-region of the European Union to implement a transnational strategy, in which tourism is recognised as a development priority. Creating an effective tourist destination management system has become a key challenge in this process. This article aims to identify and critically analyse the concept of transnational tourist destination management. Another goal is to identify the changing determinants of tourism management in the BSR and to explore relations between key stakeholders. To this end, we conducted a review of literature on destination management. We carried out a critical analysis of secondary sources (documents, information materials, the Internet resources) and supplemented the review with our insights from participatory observation. We also obtained additional information from interviews. Three models of destination management were identified: marketing-oriented, planning-oriented, and governance-oriented. Our research shows that the evolution of destination management is characterised by a gradual increase in the participation of public entities. This is related to the marginalisation of the tourism industry, which resulted in a systematic decrease in state funding for maintaining destination management structures. Acquiring the European Union funds from the European Territorial Cooperation Programs has become a partial but not entirely effective solution to this problem

The Health of Immigrants to New York City From Mainland China: Evidence From the New York Health Examination and Nutrition Survey

Very little is known about the newest New Yorkers of Chinese heritage, the largest and fastest growing immigrant group in the city. This article compares measures of the health of immigrants to New York from Mainland China to the health of other New Yorkers of Asian heritage along with all other New Yorkers. We did so using the 1,999 subjects in the 2004 New York Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, controlling for age and gender. We found that New Yorkers born in Mainland China have a lower body mass index, a smaller waist circumference, a more sexually conservative lifestyle, highly favorable high-density lipoprotein profiles, and lower rates of herpes II infection. However, they also have higher blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury than either reference group. This article provides the first study of the health needs of New York's largest and most rapidly growing immigrant group

Soliton X-junctions with controllable transmission

We propose new planar X-junctions and multi-port devices written by spatial solitons, which are composed of two (or more) nonlinearly coupled components in Kerr-type media. Such devices have no radiation losses at a given wavelength. We demonstrate that, for the same relative angle between the channels of the X-junctions, one can vary the transmission coefficients into the output channels by adjusting the polarizations of multi-component solitons. We determine analytically the transmission properties and suggest two types of experimental embodiments of the proposed device.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure

Brown Tumor as a Result of Hyperparathyroidism in an End-Stage Renal Disease Patient

A 49-year-old male with known history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) presents with an intraoral exophytic mass of the right mandible. This lesion was given a histologic diagnosis of a Brown tumor. Purpose. To allow physicians to include this lesion in a differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with primary, secondary, or tertiary hyperparathyroidism

FEA simulation of the biomechanical structure overload in the university campus planting

FEM investigation of the branch collapse is provided for the huge healthy chestnut tree. Strong wind gust (24 m/s) is assumed. Thus, simulation has as engineering so methodic value to improve the FEM-teaching of students. The geometry was recovered by the photos and sketches. It includes roots, trunk, branch and conditional crown. Static simulation is provided both in the linear formulation and in the geometrically nonlinear one. Branch under109 goes bending with a moderate portion of the twisting. Near uniform stress dispensation is stated along the branch. There are no stress concentrators at all. The trunk-branch junction is steady enough and self-optimized. The branch has grown with the implementation of the idea of „equal-strength console”. Transforming of the branch section provides constant stress level along the branch. Collapse is caused by a severe accidental wind gust. Work stresses have exceeded twice the allowable level (16 MPa) along the main part of the branch. The tree should be taken as an example of an effective bionic design for the load-bearing system. Simulation confirms the effect of self-reinforcing during tree growth. Tree simulation may be methodologically useful. It is understandable and interesting for students