Broadband Permittivity and Permeability Extraction of 3-D-Printed Magneto-Dielectric Substrates

A broadband microwave magneto-dielectric spectroscopy technique is introduced and dedicated to the characterization of 3-D-printed magneto-dielectric substrates. Complex permittivity and permeability are extracted for the material-under-test fabricated in the same manner and with the same orientation of the electro-magnetic (EM) field as in the intended applications that include, for example, miniaturized and efficient antennas. The information is derived from the measured characteristic impedance and propagation constant of a test microstrip transmission line. To exclude the influence of the coaxial-to-microstrip transitions, printed launchers are proposed with puzzle-like interlock to test substrate which is used together with a printed thru-reflect-line (TRL) de-embedding set. The presented technique was experimentally validated on an example of specialized magnetic polylactic acid (PLA) filament printed substrate in the frequency range 0.1–6 GHz and a reference PLA substrate measured with two different techniques to yield comparable results

A Prototype of a Portable Gas Analyzer for Exhaled Acetone Detection

The paper presents the development of a portable gas analyzer prototype for exhaled acetone detection, employing an application-suited gas sensor array and 3D printing technology. The device provides the functionality to monitor exhaled acetone levels, which could be used as a potential tool for non-invasive diabetes monitoring. The relationship between exhaled acetone concentrations and glucose in blood is confirmed in the literature, including research carried out by the authors. The design process is presented including a general consideration for the sensor array construction, which is the core for sensing gases, as well as requirements for the measurement chamber it is to be placed in. Moreover, the mechanical design of the 3D-printed housing is discussed to ensure the ergonomics of use as a hand-held device while keeping the hardware integrity. Also, the processing hardware is discussed to provide sufficient computing power to handle the stand-alone operation while being energy efficient, enabling long battery-powered operation. Finally, calibration and measurement, as well as the analyzer operation, are shown, validating the proposed class of exhaled acetone-detection capable meters

A Broadband Inline Transition From On-PCB Microstrip to Hybrid Stack-Up Integrated Additively Fabricated Air-Filled Waveguide

A novel type of a highly integrated low-loss stack-up is explored that leverages additive manufacturing for the integration of a 3D printed and metal-coated air-filled waveguide with a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) by sharing a common ground plane. A complementing microstrip to waveguide transition is proposed exploiting the flexibility of the 3D printing technology to realize an in-line E-field and smooth profile continuous impedance transformation to ensure low insertion losses, wideband operation, and high return loss. Field mode matching and monotonic impedance profile are ensured using various intermediate guides along with the transition. A fast design procedure relies on analytical expressions for guides‘ impedance that was proven not to require further full-wave model optimization. The concept was experimentally validated by the realization of demonstrators operating within the cm- and mm-wave frequency range and fabricated employing a subtractive PCB and additive vat photopolymerization 3D printing and copper plating technologies. A hybrid WR-90-sized waveguide with RMS metal coating roughness of $1.5 ~\mu \text{m}$ yields power loss below 0.026 dB/cm being comparable to an all-metal counterpart. Measured back-to-back half-wavelength long at lower cutoff transitions to either WR-90 or WR-28 hybrid waveguides operate with bandwidth of ~1.9 and ~1.4 (return loss better than 10 dB) with 0.63 dB and 0.86 dB average loss per transition within 8.2 – 12.6 GHz and 26.5 – 40 GHz bands, respectively