Sinteza I karakterizacija kompleksa cinka(II), paladijuma(II) I platine(II) sa 2’-[1-(2-piridinil)etiliden]oksamohidrazidom - kristalna struktura bis {2’-[1-(2-piridinil)etiliden]oksamohidrazido}cink(II) trihidrata

Complexes of Zn(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) with 2'-[1-(2- pyridinyl)ethyhdene]oxamohydrazide (Hapsox) were synthesized and their structures were determined. All the complexes are of a neutral type with two apsox ligands coordinated to Zn(II) and one apsox ligand coordinated to Pd(II) or Pt(II). In each case. the polydentate was coordinated via pyridine and hydrazone nitrogens and alpha-oxyazine oxygen. forming an octahedral geometry around Zn(II). and a square planar one around Pd(II) and Pt(II). The structure determination was performed by IR. H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR spectroscopy, and for the Zn(II) complex by X-ray structure analysis.U ovom radu opisana je sinteza i strukturna karakterizacija kompleksa Zn(II) Pd(II) i Pt(II) sa 2’-[1-(2-piridinil)etiliden]oksamohidrazidom (Hapsox). Sva tri dobijena kompleksa su neutralnog tipa sa dva koordinovana apsox liganda u slučaju kompleksa Zn(II), odnosno jednim apsox ligandom u slučaju Pd(II) i Pt(II) kompleksa. Koordinacija polidentata je u svim kompleksima ostvarena preko piridinskog azota, hidrazonskog azota i α-oksiazinskog kiseonika gradeći oktaedarsku geometriju oko Zn(II), odnosno kvadratno planarnu geometriju oko Pd(II) i Pt(II).Potvrdu za ovakve strukture dobili smo iz IC 1H-NMR i 13C-NMR spektara, dok je za Zn(II) kompleks urađena i rendgenska strukturna analiza

Computer Simulation of Speciation of Trivalent Aluminum, Gadolinium and Yttrium Ions in Human Blood Plasma

The speciation of Al3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ ions in human plasma has been studied by computer simulation using the program HySS2009. A literature computer model of blood plasma was updated and comprised 9 metals, 43 ligands and over 6100 complexes. To this model critically evaluated data of Al3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ constants with blood plasma ligands have been added. Low molecular mass (LMM) speciation of Al3+ ion strongly depends upon the chosen equilibrium model of the metal - phosphate and metal - citrate systems. The obtained computer simulation of LMM speciation data of Al3+ ion were: AlPO(4)Cit (40.7%), AlPO(4)CitOH (22.9%), AlCitOH (19.2%) and AlPO4(OH) (12.7%) (% of total LMM Al species pool); for Gd3+ ion: GdAspCit (30%) and GdCit(OH)(2) (20%) (% of total [Gd]) and for Y3+ ion: YCit (48%), Y(CO3)(2) (32%) and Y(CO3) (11%) (% of total [Y]). Citrate appears as the important binding and mobilizing ligand for all examined ions, while the dominating species are the ternary ones

Associating Air Pollution with Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Parameters in Lymphocytes of the General Population in Zagreb (Croatia).

Air pollution is recognized as one of the most serious public health issues worldwide and was declared to be a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. At the same time, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay serves as a cancer predictive method that is extensively used in human biomonitoring for populations exposed to environmental contamination. The objective of this cross-sectional study is two-fold: to evaluate genomic instability in a sample (N = 130) of healthy, general population residents from Zagreb (Croatia), chronically exposed to different levels of air pollution, and to relate them to air pollution levels in the period from 2011 to 2015. Measured frequencies of CBMN assay parameters were in agreement with the baseline data for the general population of Croatia. Air pollution exposure was based on four factors obtained from a factor analysis of all exposure data obtained for the examined period. Based on the statistical results, we did not observe a significant positive association between any of the CBMN assay parameters tested and measured air pollution parameters for designated time windows, except for benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) that showed significant negative association. Our results show that measured air pollution parameters are largely below the regulatory limits, except for B[a]P, and as such, they do not affect CBMN assay parameters' frequency. Nevertheless, as air pollution is identified as a major health threat, it is necessary to conduct prospective studies investigating the effect of air pollution on genome integrity and human health

Air Pollution and Primary DNA Damage among Zagreb (Croatia) Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

More than eight million premature deaths annually can be attributed to air pollution, with 99% of the world's population residing in areas below recommended air quality standards. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the association between primary DNA damage and air pollution data among 123 participants enrolled between 2011 and 2015 in Zagreb, Croatia. While most measured air pollutants adhered to regulatory limits, benzo[a]pyrene concentrations bound to PM <sub>10</sub> exceeded them. Factorial analysis narrowed down air pollution data to four exposure factors (particulate matter, two metal factors, and other pollutants). Despite the absence of significant positive associations between modeled air pollution exposure factors and comet assay descriptors (tail length, tail intensity, tail moment, and highly damaged nuclei), the critical health implications of air pollution warrant further investigations, particularly with biomarkers of exposure and different biomarkers of effect in populations facing air pollution exposure

High intensity interval training protects the heart during increased metabolic demand in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

AimThe present study assessed the effect of high intensity interval training on cardiac function during prolonged submaximal exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsTwenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a 12 week of high intensity interval training (3 sessions/week) or standard care control group. All patients underwent prolonged (i.e. 60min) submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (at 50% of previously assess maximal functional capacity) with non-invasive gas-exchange and haemodynamic measurements including cardiac output and stroke volume before and after the intervention.ResultsAt baseline (prior to intervention) there was no significant difference between the intervention and control group in peak exercise oxygen consumption (20.36.1 vs. 21.75.5ml/kg/min, p=0.21), and peak exercise heart rate (156.3 +/- 15.0 vs. 153.8 +/- 12.5 beats/min, p=0.28). During follow-up assessment both groups utilized similar amount of oxygen during prolonged submaximal exercise (15.0 +/- 2.4 vs. 15.2 +/- 2.2ml/min/kg, p=0.71). However, cardiac function i.e. cardiac output during submaximal exercise decreased significantly by 21% in exercise group (16.2 +/- 2.7-12.8 +/- 3.6L/min, p=0.03), but not in the control group (15.7 +/- 4.9-16.3 +/- 4.1L/min, p=0.12). Reduction in exercise cardiac output observed in the exercise group was due to a significant decrease in stroke volume by 13% (p=0.03) and heart rate by 9% (p=0.04).Conclusion Following high intensity interval training patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrate reduced cardiac output during prolonged submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Ability of patients to maintain prolonged increased metabolic demand but with reduced cardiac output suggests cardiac protective role of high intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes.Trial registration ISRCTN78698481. Registered 23 January 2013, retrospectively registered

A machine learning-based risk stratification model for ventricular tachycardia and heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background: Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence are emerging as important components of precision medicine that enhance diagnosis and risk stratification. Risk stratification tools for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) exist, but they are based on traditional statistical methods. The aim was to develop a novel machine learning risk stratification tool for the prediction of 5-year risk in HCM. The goal was to determine if its predictive accuracy is higher than the accuracy of the state-of-the-art tools. Method: Data from a total of 2302 patients were used. The data were comprised of demographic characteristics, genetic data, clinical investigations, medications, and disease-related events. Four classification models were applied to model the risk level, and their decisions were explained using the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method. Unwanted cardiac events were defined as sustained ventricular tachycardia occurrence (VT), heart failure (HF), ICD activation, sudden cardiac death (SCD), cardiac death, and all-cause death. Results: The proposed machine learning approach outperformed the similar existing risk-stratification models for SCD, cardiac death, and all-cause death risk-stratification: it achieved higher AUC by 17%, 9%, and 1%, respectively. The boosted trees achieved the best performing AUC of 0.82. The resulting model most accurately predicts VT, HF, and ICD with AUCs of 0.90, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed risk-stratification model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting events in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The use of a machine-learning risk stratification model may improve patient management, clinical practice, and outcomes in general

Antioxidant activity relationship of phenolic compounds in Hypericum perforatum L.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The St John's Wort (<it>Hypericum perforatum</it>; Clusiaceae) has been used in traditional and modern medicine for a long time due to its high content of biologically active phenolics. The purpose of this work was to develop a method for their fractionation and identification, and to determine the most active antioxidant compounds in plant extract.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An LC-MS method which enables fast qualitative and semiquantitative analysis was developed. The composition determined is in agreement with the previous results, where 6 flavonoids, 4 naphthodianthrones and 4 phloroglucinols have been identified. Significant antioxidant activity was determined for most of the fractions by DPPH assay (the lowest IC₅₀of 0.52 μg/ml), NO scavenging (6.11 μg/ml), superoxide scavenging (1.86 μg/ml), lipid peroxidation (0.0079 μg/ml) and FRAP (the highest reduction capacity of 104 mg Fe equivalents/g) assays.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>LC-MS technique has been successfully applied for a quick separation and identification of the major components of <it>H. perforatum </it>fractions. Majority of the fractions analyzed have expressed a very high antioxidative activity when compared to synthetic antioxidants. The antioxidant activity could be attributed to flavonoids and phenolic acids, while phloroglucinols and naphthodianthrones showed no significant activity. It is demonstrated that it is possible to obtain, by fractionation, <it>H. perforatum </it>preparations with significantly increased phloroglucinols-to-naphthodianthrones ratio (up to 95:5).</p

Education level and physical functional limitations among Japanese community residents-gender difference in prognosis from stroke

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little research has been conducted to examine the relationship between education level and functional limitations among Japanese community residents. We sought to examine the association between education level and physical functional limitations among Japanese men and women, and whether that association was modified by gender and history of stroke.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We examined prevalence of physical functional limitation by educational level using the data from a total of 29,134 Japanese men and women aged 50–69 years living in communities in 2000. The information of educational level (junior high school graduates, senior high school graduates, college and/or higher education) and physical functional limitations (no need for assistance, need for assistance when going outdoors, and need for assistance to carry out indoor activities) were obtained by self-administrated questionnaire.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The proportions of the subjects reported their highest level of schooling were 48% for junior high school, 39% for high school, and 13% for college. Three hundred and twenty eight subjects (1% of total subjects) reported having some physical functional limitations. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that the odds ratio of needing assistance to carry out indoor activities were 4.84(95%CI:3.61,6.50) for lowest education level group and 2.21(95%CI:1.00,4.86) for middle education level group compared to highest education level group. The corresponding odds ratios of needing assistance when going outdoors were 2.36(95%CI: 2.03,2.72) and 1.08(95%CI:0.73,1.60), respectively. Further, the significant excess prevalence of having functional limitations associated with the low education level was identified for men regardless of history of stroke and for women without history of stroke.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Low education level was associated with the higher prevalence of physical functional limitations for both genders. That association among persons with history of stroke was observed for men but not for women probably due to gender differences in stroke subtypes and social support.</p