Voltammetric study of itraconazole an antifungal drug at glassy carbon electrode in acidic medium: A simple plus cost-effective detection method

In this study, the electro-oxidative behaviour and determination of itraconazole at a glassy carbon electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), and square wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) techniques, under different experimental conditions. The voltammetric peak current for the oxidation of itraconazole has been analyzed at different pH, scan rate and concentrations. The voltammograms have exhibited irreversible oxidation of ITRA in B.R. buffer of pH 3.0. The oxidation of itraconazole gives a well-defined irreversible peak at glassy carbon electrode vs. Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. The oxidation process is adsorption controlled. A linear response has been obtained between 26.7×10–6 to 152.8×10–6 M in non-aqueous media for all the techniques. The analyzed square wave anodic voltammetric and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric methods show limit of detection at 27.28 µM and 65.16 µM respectively. Ultimately, the proposed validated method has been effectively applied for the determination of the antifungal drug which is commercially available in solid form

Voltammetric study of itraconazole an antifungal drug at glassy carbon electrode in acidic medium: A simple plus cost-effective detection method

720-726In this study, the electro-oxidative behaviour and determination of itraconazole at a glassy carbon electrode have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), and square wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) techniques, under different experimental conditions. The voltammetric peak current for the oxidation of itraconazole has been analyzed at different pH, scan rate and concentrations. The voltammograms have exhibited irreversible oxidation of ITRA in B.R. buffer of pH 3.0. The oxidation of itraconazole gives a well-defined irreversible peak at glassy carbon electrode vs. Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. The oxidation process is adsorption controlled. A linear response has been obtained between 26.7×10–6 to 152.8×10–6 M in non-aqueous media for all the techniques. The analyzed square wave anodic voltammetric and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric methods show limit of detection at 27.28 µM and 65.16 µM respectively. Ultimately, the proposed validated method has been effectively applied for the determination of the antifungal drug which is commercially available in solid form

SSR marker aided introgression for opaque2 allele for development of quality protein maize inbreds

Maize protein quality is deficit in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. These constraints of o2 (opaque2) are corrected in genetically improved, hard endosperm QPM (Quality Protein Maize). An integrated strategy of phenotypic selection for endosperm modifiers and molecular marker-assisted foreground and background selection has been used in present study. The QPM donors were, CML 161, DMRQPM 58, CML 176 and CML 141 whereas, normal maize inbreds were CM 212, V338, V361, V336, V341, V351, CM 141 and V335. The inbreds were subjected to parental polymorphism survey between non-QPM and QPM using CIMMYT based three SSR markers, viz. phi057, umc1066 and phi112. Two markers, viz. phi057 and umc1066 exhibited co-dominant reactions, while phi112 was dominant in nature. Finally, two combinations V335 × CML 141 and V351 × CML 141 were considered for conversion program. Foreground selection was exercised using o2 specific marker umc1066 in BC1 and BC2 generations, while background as well as foreground selection was exercised in BC2F3 generation to recover the genome of recurrent parent up to extent of 80 to 100% with the help of SSR markers distributed across the whole maize genome. The tryptophan concentration in endosperm protein was significantly enhanced and the converted maize lines had almost twice the amount of lysine and tryptophan than normal maize inbreds

Genetic diversity in pearl millet inbred restorers for agro-morphological and grain quality traits

Genetic diversity was assessed in 60 pearl millet inbred restorers for 10 agro-morphological and six seed quality traits. High range of variation was observed and trait contribution to genetic diversity depicted that panicle length contributed the maximum (19.04 %) followed by panicle girth (18.76 %). Based on the clustering pattern, a total of 09 clusters were obtained of which Cluster II was the largest and comprised of 39 inbreds followed by cluster III with 10. Cluster mean depicted that cluster I, III and IX comprised of potential lines having a desirable mean performance for the traits studied. Cluster distance was also high among these aforesaid clusters thus suggesting their use in hybrid development as well as in recombination breeding for generating better inbreds in pearl millet

Abnormalities of Cortical Neural Synchronization Mechanisms in Patients With Dementia Due to Parkinson’s and Sintomatic Huntington’s Diseases

\ua9 2024 The Alzheimer\u27s Association. Alzheimer\u27s & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer\u27s Association. BACKGROUND: Parkinson\u27s disease and Huntington\u27s disease are both neurodegenerative conditions involving the basal ganglia area of the brain. Both conditions can cause symptoms that affect movement. Cognitive decline or dementia can also occur in both. Resting state EEG (rsEEG) rhythms reflect neurophysiological mechanisms and operational functions related to the fluctuation of brain arousal and quiet vigilance in humans. The hypothesis was that rsEEG sources may be more abnormal in Huntington\u27s disease patients in symptomatic stage (S-HD) than patients with dementia due to Parkinson\u27s disease. METHOD: Clinical and rsEEG datasets in 16 PDD, 18 S-HD, and 25 matched cognitively unimpaired (Nold) participants - matched as demography, education, and gender - were taken from an international archive. The eLORETA freeware was used to estimate cortical rsEEG sources at delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, beta1, beta2, and gamma frequency bands. RESULT: Results showed lower amplitude of the posterior alpha activities and higher amplitude of widespread low frequencies bands (i.e., delta and theta) in the PDD and S-HD groups than in the Healthy group. As compared to the PDD group, the S-HD showed greater reductions in the rsEEG alpha 2 rhythms in the frontal and temporal regions (see Figure 1). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cortical sources of rsEEG rhythms might reflect different abnormalities of the core neurophysiological mechanisms underlying brain arousal in quiet wakefulness and low vigilance in PDD, and S-HD patients. The mentioned rsEEG markers might be clinically useful in the disease staging, monitoring over time, and drug discovery

Resting-State EEG Alpha Rhythms Are Related to CSF Tau Biomarkers in Prodromal Alzheimer\u27s Disease

\ua9 2025 by the authors. Patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (ADMCI) typically show abnormally high delta (<4 Hz) and low alpha (8–12 Hz) rhythms measured from resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity. Here, we hypothesized that the abnormalities in rsEEG activity may be greater in ADMCI patients than in those with MCI not due to AD (noADMCI). Furthermore, they may be associated with the diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid–tau biomarkers in ADMCI patients. An international database provided clinical–demographic–rsEEG datasets for cognitively unimpaired older (Healthy; N = 45), ADMCI (N = 70), and noADMCI (N = 45) participants. The rsEEG rhythms spanned individual delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. The eLORETA freeware estimated cortical rsEEG sources. Posterior rsEEG alpha source activities were reduced in the ADMCI group compared not only to the Healthy group but also to the noADMCI group (p < 0.001). Negative associations between the CSF phospho-tau and total tau levels and posterior rsEEG alpha source activities were observed in the ADMCI group (p < 0.001), whereas those with CSF amyloid beta 42 levels were marginal. These results suggest that neurophysiological brain neural oscillatory synchronization mechanisms regulating cortical arousal and vigilance through rsEEG alpha rhythms are mainly affected by brain tauopathy in ADMCI patients

Abnormal electroencephalographic rhythms from quiet wakefulness to light sleep in Alzheimer\u27s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment

\ua9 2025 International Federation of Clinical NeurophysiologyObjectives: Alzheimer\u27s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment (ADMCI) show abnormal resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms (8–12 Hz) and may suffer from daytime sleepiness. Our exploratory study tested the hypothesis that they may present characteristic EEG rhythms from quiet wakefulness to light sleep during diurnal recordings. Methods: Datasets of 34 ADMCI and 22 matched healthy elderly (Nold) subjects were obtained from international archives. EEG recordings lasted approximately 30 min. Transitions of EEG activity from quiet wakefulness (alpha-dominant) to light sleep (theta-dominant ripples) were scored according to Hori\u27s vigilance stages. Cortical source activities were computed using the eLORETA software. Results: ADMCI (t-ADMCI, N = 18) over Nold (t-Nold, N = 11) participants were characterized by greater frontal EEG delta source activities and a lesser reduction (reactivity) in the posterior alpha source activities from quiet wakefulness to ripples. Notably, EEG delta source activities during quiet wakefulness were also greater in the ADMCI group transitioning to light sleep as compared to patients without said vigilance reduction. Conclusions: These results suggest that ADMCI patients with a greater susceptibility to daytime sleepiness may show characteristic EEG delta and alpha rhythms in the transition from quiet vigilance to daytime sleep. Significance: Our study showed a derangement of EEG rhythms during the transition to sleep possibly specific to AD

Resting-state electroencephalographic rhythms depend on sex in patients with dementia due to Parkinson\u27s and Lewy Body diseases: An exploratory study

\ua9 2025 The Authors. Parkinson\u27s disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are more prevalent in males than females. Furthermore, they typically showed abnormally high delta (< 4 Hz) and low alpha (8–10 Hz) rhythms from resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity. Here, we hypothesized that those abnormalities may depend on the patient\u27s sex. An international database provided clinical-demographic-rsEEG datasets for cognitively unimpaired older (Healthy; N = 49; 24 females), PDD (N = 39; 13 females), and DLB (N = 38; 15 females) participants. Each group was stratified into matched female and male subgroups. The rsEEG rhythms were investigated across the individual rsEEG delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands based on the individual alpha frequency peak. The eLORETA freeware was used to estimate cortical rsEEG sources. In the Healthy group, widespread rsEEG alpha source activities were greater in the females than in the males. In the PDD group, widespread rsEEG delta source activities were lower and widespread rsEEG alpha source activities were greater in the females than in the males. In the DLB group, central-parietal rsEEG delta source activities were lower, and posterior rsEEG alpha source activities were greater in the females than in the males. These results suggest sex-dependent hormonal modulation of neuroprotective-compensatory neurophysiological mechanisms in PDD and DLB patients underlying the generation of rsEEG delta and alpha rhythms, which should be considered in the treatment of vigilance dysregulation in those patients

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)