Use of organic wheat in the diet of Nile tilapia juveniles

Although the organic fish production is a growing practice in the world, in Brazil, there are just a few studies about it. This study aimed at evaluating the use of organic wheat, in replacement of organic maize, in the diet of Nile tilapia juveniles. A total of 200 juveniles (5.24 ± 0.13 g; 6.91 ± 0.40 cm) were distributed in 20 experimental hapas (0.15 m3 of useful volume), in a concrete water tank with capacity for 25.0 m3 and constant aeration system, in a completely randomized design. Five diets containing organic wheat middlings (0.0 g kg-1, 50.0 g kg-1, 100.0 g kg-1, 150.0 g kg-1 and 200,0 g kg-1) were elaborated and feeding took place four times a day (08:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 02:00 p.m. and 05:00 p.m.). Final weight, total length, survival rate, daily weight gain, Fulton's condition factor, visceral fat, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index and the centesimal composition of fish carcass (moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents) were evaluated. The inclusion levels of organic wheat middlings did not affect the variables analyzed. The organic wheat can be added to the diet of Nile tilapia juveniles up to the limit of 200.0 g kg-1, without causing any productive problem

Índice de acidez do óleo de peixe na nutrição de alevinos de tilápia

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes índices de acidez do óleo de peixe na nutrição de alevinos de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). Para tanto, 160 alevinos com peso e comprimento total inicial médio de 29,49 ± 1,29 g e 11,87 ± 0,13 cm, respectivamente, foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 16 hapas com 0,15 m3 de volume útil dispostos em um tanque de concreto com capacidade volumétrica de 25 m3. Foram elaboradas quatro rações extrusadas, sendo uma a base de óleo de soja (controle) com índice de acidez de 0,24, e três rações a base de óleo de peixe com índices de acidez de 1,48; 6,40 e 9,85. Os peixes foram alimentados quatro vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente. Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo, a composição centesimal e as características hematológicas dos animais. Ao final do período experimental observou-se que os parâmetros analisados não foram influenciados pelos índices de acidez avaliados (P>0,05). Portanto, o óleo de peixe pode ser fornecido aos animais independente de seu índice de acidez, sem proporcionar diferenças no desempenho zootécnico

Sperm characteristics and growth of Rhamdia quelen males fed on rations formulated with vegetable food and different digestible energy levels supplied by soy bean oil / Short Communication Características espermáticas e crescimento de machos Rhamdia quelen alimentados com rações formuladas com alimentos vegetais e diferentes níveis de energia digestível fornecidos pelo óleo de soja

This research was carried out to evaluate the effects of rations formulated with vegetable foods and different levels of digestible energy supplied by soybean oil, on sperm characteristics and growth of Rhamdia quelen males. The fishes were fed on over 255 days with rations containing 350 g crude protein (CP) kg-1 and 2700, 2950, 3200, 3450 and 3700 kcal of digestible energy (DE) kg-1. A randomized experimental design was used with five treatments and three replicates. A 8 m2 tank containing six females and three males was an experimental unit. The fishes were weighted fortnightly to correct the feeding rate. All males receipted an intramuscular injection of 2.5 mg of crude pituitary extract (CPE) kg-1 to perform the sperm collection. The sperm characteristics were assessed on fresh sperm immediately after collection. All data were subjected to ANOVA and regression analysis. The growth, sperm volume, sperm concentration, or time of sperm motility were not affected (p < 0.05) by rations. In addition, ration containing 3318.75 kcal of DE kg-1 improved the integrity of sperm membrane, suggesting a theoretical higher sperm survival rate of 98.22%. In conclusion, ration formulated with vegetable foods and different levels of soy bean oil as energy source did not interfere on growth of Rhamdia quelen males. In addition, the diet energy supplied by mainly soy bean oil offered a nutritional condition that improved the sperm quality since males fed on ration with 3318.75 kcal of digestible energy kg-1 has been increased the membrane integrity of sperm cell.

Desempenho produtivo e respostas hematológicas da Tilápia- do-Nilo submetida a diferentes níveis de proteína e condições de estresse

This research aimed to evaluate the digestibility coefficients and growth performance of Nile tilapia fed diets containing levels of digestible protein (DP) of 22.1, 25.6, 28.6, 31.9 and 33.9%, as well as evaluate the metabolic and nutritional condition of fish by determining the activity of key enzymes of intermediary metabolism. We used 440 fingerlings (9.27 ± 0.22 g), randomly distributed in 40-250 L aquaria, and fed for 110 days with experimental diets. The experimental design was entirely randomized with five treatments and eight replicates. At the end of feed trial we evaluate growth parameters and feed efficiency, as also collected samples of liver and muscle to evaluation of enzyme activity and proximate composition of tissues. Final weight, weight gain and feed efficiency were lower (P<0.05) for fish fed diet containing 22.1% DP. Contrary effect was observed for feed intake, lipids and energy. Whole-body crude energy and lipid content were higher (P<0.05) for fish fed diets containing 22.1 and 28.6% DP while whole-body protein content was higher (P<0.05) for fish fed diets containing 31.9 and 33.9% DP. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter and crude protein were higher (P<0.05) for diets containing 22.1 and 25.6% DP. Regarding to crude protein was observed lower coefficients for level of 28.6% DP. Fish fed diets containing 33.9% DP showed higher (P<0.05) concentration of hepatic protein while lipids and glycogen were higher (P<0.05) for fish fed diets containing lower protein (22.1%). Activity of key enzymes of amino acid catabolism (ALT and GDH) and gluconeogenesis (FBPase) was higher (P<0.05) for diets of high protein (33.9 and 33.9%). Lipogenesis (ME), glycolysis (HK-IV and HK) and pentose phosphate pathway (G6PD) were stimulated (P<0.05) with the reduction of DP. Digestible protein requirement for Nile tilapia was estimated to be 29.2%, agreeing with the values established for this ...A pesquisa objetivou determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade e avaliar as respostas de desempenho produtivo da tilápia-do-Nilo alimentada com dietas contendo níveis de proteína digestível (PD) de 22,1; 25,6; 28,6; 31,9 e 33,9%, bem como avaliar a condição nutricional e metabólica dos animais mediante a determinação da atividade de enzimas do metabolismo intermediário. 440 alevinos (9,27 ± 0,22 g) foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 40 aquários (250 L), perfazendo cinco tratamentos e oito repetições. As dietas foram ofertadas à vontade em quatro porções diárias. Ao final de 110 dias foram avaliados parâmetros de desempenho zootécnico e de eficiência de utilização do alimento, como também coletadas amostras de fígado e músculo para avaliação da atividade enzimática e composição centesimal dos tecidos. O peso final, ganho em peso e eficiência alimentar foram inferiores (P<0,05) para peixes que receberam a dieta contendo 22,1% PD. Efeito inverso foi verificado para consumo de ração, lipídeos e energia. A energia bruta e o teor de lipídeos da carcaça foram superiores (P<0,05) para peixes que receberam as dietas contendo 22,1 e 28,6% PD, enquanto que a proteína bruta foi mais elevada (P<0,05) para peixes alimentados com as dietas contendo 31,9 e 33,9% PD. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e energia bruta foram mais elevados (P<0,05) para dietas com 22,1 e 25,6% PD. Com relação à proteína bruta observou-se menores coeficientes para o nível de 28,6% PD. A dieta de maior conteúdo proteico (33,9%) determinou concentrações de proteína hepática mais elevadas (P<0,05), enquanto que, lipídeos e glicogênio foram maiores (P<0,05) para dieta de menor proteína (22,1%). A atividade das enzimas do metabolismo intermediário dos aminoácidos (ALT e GDH) e gliconeogênese (FBPase) foram maiores (P<0,05) para dietas de elevada proteína (31,9 e 33)..

Proteína e energia na dieta de jundiás criados em tanques-rede

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de dois níveis de energia digestível (3.250 e 3.500 kcal kg-1) em combinação a três níveis de proteína bruta (25, 30 e 35%) sobre o desempenho produtivo de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia voulezi). Utilizaram-se 240 juvenis de jundiá com peso inicial de 95,55±6,70 g e 20,43±1,13 cm de comprimento total, distribuídos ao acaso em 24 tanques-rede (370 L cada) em delineamento fatorial com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. O arraçoamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia, à vontade. Ao final do período experimental, a análise fatorial de variância evidenciou influência significativa nos parâmetros zootécnicos avaliados. Foram observados melhor ganho de peso e comprimento final médios e menor deposição de gordura visceral nos peixes alimentados com a dieta contendo 30% de proteína bruta e 3.250 kcal de energia digestível kg-1. Portanto, recomendam-se para juvenis de jundiá dietas que contenham no mínimo 30% de proteína bruta e 3.250 kcal de energia digestível kg-1 de ração

Processamento da ração no desempenho de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia voulezi) cultivados em tanques-rede

The aim of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance and chemical composition of jundia juveniles Rhandia voulezi fed with mash, pelletized and extruded diets and cultivated in cages. One hundred and fifty fish were distributed in fifteen cages (0.20 m3), arranged in cages (5m3), in the hydroelectric plant of Governador José Richa, in Iguaçu River (Paraná-Brazil). The fish were fed five times a day, with mash, pelletized and extruded diets, containing 30% of protein and 3250 Kcal/kg of digestible energy/kg. At the end of 60 days, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed on fish performance. The fish that were fed with pelletized diet, presented higher average of final weight (44.08g), final length (16.51cm) and weight gain (36.65g). The different processes did not influence fish survival. The averages of protein and mineral matter of carcass chemical composition did not differ statistically (p<0.05), while the values of humidity and lipideos presented differences among treatments. The highest average of lipideos (8.59%) was observed in peletized diet. The mash diet provided fish with lower lipideo (5.45%) and higher humidity (75.98%) rates. A pelleted diet is most suitable for juvenile catfish R. voulezi cultivation in cages

Diet processing on the performance of jundia juveniles (Rhamdia voulezi) cultivated in cages

The aim of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance and chemical composition of jundia juveniles Rhandia voulezi fed with mash, pelletized and extruded diets and cultivated in cages. One hundred and fifty fish were distributed in fifteen cages (0.20 m3), arranged in cages (5m3), in the hydroelectric plant of Governador José Richa, in Iguaçu River (Paraná-Brazil). The fish were fed five times a day, with mash, pelletized and extruded diets, containing 30% of protein and 3250 Kcal/kg of digestible energy/kg. At the end of 60 days, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed on fish performance. The fish that were fed with pelletized diet, presented higher average of final weight (44.08g), final length (16.51cm) and weight gain (36.65g). The different processes did not influence fish survival. The averages of protein and mineral matter of carcass chemical composition did not differ statistically (p<0.05), while the values of humidity and lipideos presented differences among treatments. The highest average of lipideos (8.59%) was observed in peletized diet. The mash diet provided fish with lower lipideo (5.45%) and higher humidity (75.98%) rates. A pelleted diet is most suitable for juvenile catfish R. voulezi cultivation in cages