Automatic Wood Cutting Technology and Marketing Digitalization in Wood Processing Businesses in Marindal 1 Village, Patumbak District, Deli Serdang Regency

Marindal 1 Village is one of the villages located in Patumbak District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province with an area of ​​810 Ha. Administratively, Marindal 1 Village consists of 12 hamlets and has a population of about 37,000 people. A group of people who are members of the wood processing business are engaged in the business of making furniture such as making frames, windows, and doors. The equipment used in cutting and splitting wood is assembled equipment that is prone to work accidents. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has also had an impact on decreasing the market share of the wood processing business. Therefore, a solution is needed in the form of an automatic wood-cutting spindle machine to prevent work accidents as well as training and assistance in the digitalization process of wood processing businesses so that they are better known by the community outside Marindal 1 Village in the hope of increasing sales turnover. The method used in this service consists of 2, namely the provision of a spindle moulder machine and the socialization of assistance in making digital marketing to partners. The output of this service is in the form of publications in national journals, YouTube videos, print and electronic media, and IPR from service videos

Efek Perlakuan Panas Terhadap Perubahan Warna Bambu Sembilang (Dendrocalamus giganteus): Effect of Heat Treatment to Color Change on Sembilang Bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus)

ABSTRACT Bamboo can be used as an alternative raw material to replace wood. Bamboo is a fast-growing plant that requires quality improvement. One type of bamboo that has not been utilized optimally is sembilang bamboo. Quality improvement can be done through heat modification. Heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of a material but can cause discoloration. This study aimed to determine the effect of heat treatment on the discoloration of sembilang bamboo. This research was conducted by giving sembilang bamboo heat treatment at 180°C for 3 hours and 6 hours. The results obtained were sembilang bamboo, after heat treatment for 3 hours and 6 hours became darker than the control. The longer the heating time, the greater the value of the color change.   Keywords: color change, heat treatment, sembilang bamboo   ABSTRAK Bambu dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku alternatif pengganti kayu. Bambu termasuk tanaman cepat tumbuh yang memerlukan peningkatan kualitas. Salah satu jenis bambu yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal adalah bambu sembilang. Peningkatan kualitas dapat dilakukan dengan cara modifikasi panas. Perlakuan panas dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis suatu bahan namun dapat menyebabkan perubahan warna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek perlakuan panas terhadap perubahan warna bambu sembilang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan perlakuan panas pada bambu sembilang dengan suhu 180°C selama 3 jam dan 6 jam. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah bambu sembilang setelah perlakuan panas selama 3 jam dan 6 jam menjadi lebih gelap dibandingkan kontrolnya. Semakin lama waktu pemanasan maka nilai perubahan warnanya semakin besar.   Kata kunci: bambu sembilang, perlakuan panas, perubahan warn

Enhancement Quality of Particleboard from Oil Palm Trunk and Mahogany Sawdust with Layering of Talang Bamboo (Schizostachyum brachycladumc)

Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) is a natural fiber used as an alternative material in wood-derived products such as particleboard. The OPT has low characteristics when using complete trunk, it is expected that its application would be a solution to reduce this plantation waste. In this investigation, the raw material of OPT particles was mixed with Mahogany, and Talang bamboo lamina to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard. This study aims to evaluate the addition of particleboard with various layerings of Talang Bamboo. The particleboard has three layers, with Talang bamboo (bamboo outer and inner part) on the face and back layers. There are six types of particleboard made: control, bamboo inner layering, bamboo outer layering, two bamboo inner layerings, two bamboo outer layerings, and a mixture of inner and outer bamboo layerings. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were testing according to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The results of the physical properties showed that the density was 0.56-0.70 g/cm3, moisture content was 3.03-4.22%, water absorption was 52.01-87.15%, and thickness swelling was 11.62-24.68%. The mechanical properties showed MOE values was 9975.76-84246.63 kg/cm2, MOR was 81.64-670.77 kg/cm2, and IB was 0.91-3.38 kg/cm2. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard met the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. According to this investigation's findings, Layering with the outer part of the Talang bamboo on the face and back of the particleboard is the bes

Panel products made of oil palm trunk bagasse (OPTB) and MMA (Methyl methacrylate)-styrofoam binder

The waste product left over from pressing or extracting oil palm trunk (OPT) for sugar purposes is known as oil palm trunk bagasse (OPTB). This residue contains mainly vascular bundles and small amount of parenchyma. These materials are potentially utilized for making panel products such as particleboard (OPTBparticleboard). Objective of this study was to evaluate physical mechanical properties of OPTB-particleboard. For preserving the durability, this work was intended to apply 15% mixture of methyl methacrylate (MMA) cured with Styrofoam as the binder with a ratio (w/w) of 3:1. OPTB-particleboard was made according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS A5908: 2003) with a target density of 0.75 g/cm3 and dimensions of 25 x 25 x 1 cm3. Hot pressing was a condition set at a pressure of 30 kg/cm2 and a temperature of 160 °C for 15 minutes. Physical and mechanical properties were tested according to JIS A 5908:2003 standard. The results showed that physical and mechanical properties of the OPTB-particleboard did not meet the standard. The characteristics of OPTB still easily absorb water even though MMA-Styrofoam should hinder water ingress. Additionally, the poor quality of the OPTB-particleboard was primarily due to the binder's inadequate composition. Optimum values reached when IB, MOR, and MOE were 0.026 MPa, 6.69 MPa, and 892 MPa, respectively. Based on the analysis of variance, it can be concluded that there is no influence on the bottom, middle and upper parts of the origin of the OPTB except for the MOR

Pemanfaatan Maltodextrin Singkong untuk Perekat Ramah Lingkungan dalam Pembuatan Papan Partikel dari Bagas Sorgum (Utilization of Cassava Maltodextrin for Eco-friendly Adhesive in the Manufacturing of Sorghum Bagasse Particleboard)

The development of natural adhesives derived from non-fossil resources is very important for the future. This research aimed to develop natural adhesive from maltodextrin and compare it with other natural adhesives such as citric acid and malic acid for particleboard production. The effect of the adhesive raw materials on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards was investigated. The sweet sorghum and those natural adhesives were used in the manufacturing of particleboard. The resin content of the natural adhesive was 20 wt% base on air-dried particles. The dimension and density target of the boards were 30 x 30 x 0,9 cm3 and 0,8 g/cm3, respectively. The particleboards were prepared by hot pressing at 200°C for 10 min. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboard (JIS A 5908-2003). The results showed that the density, moisture content, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture met the requirements of the JIS A 5908-2003 standard, while the thickness swelling, water absorption, and internal bond did not meet the standard requirements. The results of FTIR analysis indicated the establishment of ester linkages due to the reaction between the natural adhesive and sorghum bagasse that contributed to the excellent physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard.Keywords: cassava, maltodextrin, natural adhesive, particleboard, sweet sorghu

Effectiveness of Nanocatalyst in the Improvement of Sorghum Bagasse Particleboard Bonded with Bio-Adhesive

Modification in the manufacturing process of bio-adhesive need to be carried out to improve the properties of sorghum bagasse particleboard, such as adding nanocatalyst into the bio-based adhesive. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of nanocatalyst in enhancing the properties of sorghum bagasse particleboard. Each nanocatalyst, such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO), has been added to the citric acid and molasses-based adhesives. The target density of the particleboard was 0.8 g/cm3, with a board size of 350 mm × 350 mm × 6 mm. The particleboard was pressed using a hot-pressing machine at a temperature of 200°C and 10 MPa of pressure for 10 min. The physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard were evaluated, referring to JIS A 5908:2022 standard. The result showed that adding GO into the citric acid-based adhesive obtained a higher modulus of rupture (MOR) and lower thickness swelling (TS) than the others. Consequently, adding GO is more effective than adding ZnO into the bio-based adhesive in enhancing the properties of the particleboard. Keywords: bagasse sorghum, citric acid, molasses, Nanocatalyst GO, Nanocatalyst Zn

Isocyanate–free tannin–based polyurethane resins for enhancing thermo-mechanical properties of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) fibers

The objective of this research was to investigate and evaluate the possibility of increasing the thermo-mechanical properties of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) fibers by impregnating them with a tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (Bio-NIPU) resin. The resin was created by reacting tannin of Acacia mangium with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA). The optimal time of impregnation was discovered to be 90 min, as demonstrated by its thermal stability, with a residual of 25 remaining after being treated to a temperature of 750 °C. When ramie fibers were impregnated with the newly developed tannin-based Bio-NIPU resin, their thermal and mechanical qualities significantly enhanced. In terms of mechanical properties, the impregnated ramie fibers had a tensile strength of 325 MPa and an elasticity modulus of 10.82 GPa. Py-GCMS was used to confirm the production of urethane groups as a result of the reaction between the tannin-based Bio-NIPU resin and ramie fibers. The use of FE-SEM in conjunction with EDS allowed the detection of nitrogen from urethane groups in Bio-NIPU. The characterization analysis also demonstrated that incorporating tannin-based Bio-NIPU resin into ramie fibers had a substantial impact on their thermal and mechanical properties, increasing their potential for wider use across varied industrial sectors

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN MICROWAVE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KAYU RANDU (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn.: The Influence of Microwave Treatment on The Characteristics of Randu (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn.) Wood

ABSTRACT Randu (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn.) wood is one of the fast-growing species which has low density. Wood modification by microwave (MW) treatment were conducted to improve its quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of microwave treatment on the characteristics (physical properties, wood discoloration, and wettability) of Randu wood. Microwave treatment for 0.5 and 1 minute were applied for Randu wood. The evaluation of wood discoloration, wettability, and physical properties include moisture content, specific gravity, swelling, and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) were measured.  Wood discoloration and wettability of untreated and treated sample were measured. The results showed that microwave treatment was reduce the swelling, wettability and cause discoloration. Microwave treatment not significantly affected moisture content and specific gravity of treated wood. Microwave treatment increased contact angle than untreated, and 0.5 minutes microwave treatment caused significant discoloration than 1 minutes microwave treatment and untreated sample. The MW treatment indicated to increase the hydrophobicity of Randu wood.   Keywords: discoloration, microwave, randu, wettability.   ABSTRAK Kayu randu (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn.) merupakan salah satu jenis kayu cepat tumbuh yang memiliki kerapatan rendah. Modifikasi kayu dengan perlakuan microwave (MW) dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh perlakuan microwave terhadap karakteristik (sifat fisik, perubahan warna kayu, dan keterbasahan) kayu Randu. Perlakuan microwave selama 0.5 dan 1 menit diaplikasikan pada kayu randu. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu perubahan warna kayu, keterbasahan, dan sifat fisis yang meliputi kadar air, berat jenis, pengembangan, dan anti-swelling efficiency (ASE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan microwave mengurangi pengembangan, keterbasahan dan menyebabkan perubahan warna. Perlakuan microwave tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air dan berat jenis kayu. Perlakuan gelombang mikro meningkatkan sudut kontak dibanding kontrol, dan perlakuan microwave 0.5 menit menyebabkan perubahan warna yang signifikan dibanding microwave 1 menit dan tanpa perlakuan. Perlakuan MW dapat meningkatkan hidrofobisitas kayu randu.  Katakunci: keterbasahan, microwave, randu, perubahan warna

Termite and Decay Resistances of Sumatran Elephant Dung-based Particleboard Modified with Wood Shavings and Bamboo Layering

Elephant dung (ED) particleboard (PB) still has subpar physical and mechanical qualities. In earlier research, adding wood shavings and bamboo layers to ED-derived PB successfully enhanced its physical and mechanical qualities. However, the resistance to termites and decay of this PB is still unknown. Therefore, this study examines the resistances to termites and decay of the PBs from ED fiber-modified with wood shavings and bamboo layering. ED and wood shavings were distributed throughout the PB in ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (w/w %). Meanwhile, tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), talang bamboo (Schizostachyum brachycladum), kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens), and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) were the materials used in this study. These findings demonstrated that adding wood shavings could improve PB's resistance to termite and decay attacks. However, in this investigation, the layering of bamboo diminishes the PB's resistance to termite and decay attack. A 50/50 ratio between ED and wood shavings achieved slightly higher termite mortality and lower weight loss than others. Meanwhile, kuning bamboo had lower termite mortality and higher weight loss than others

Panel Products Made of Oil Palm Trunk: A Review of Potency, Environmental Aspect, and Comparison with Wood-Based Composites

Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. A lot of products, including food and other edible products, oleo-chemicals, cosmetics, personal and household care, pharmaceutical products, and biodiesels are derived from palm oil, thus making them one of the most economically important plants. After 25–30 years of age, the palms are felled and replaced due to declining oil production. Oil palm trunks (OPT) are considered significant waste products. The trunks remain on the plantation site for nutrient recycling or burning. This increases insect and fungi populations causing environmental problems for the new palm generation or air pollution due to the fire. Up till now, OPT has received less attention in research studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the utilization of OPT into products made of oil palm fibers mainly derived from OPT and its application as the substitution of wood panel products. Some research works have been carried out on oil palm fibers that are derived from OPT for exploiting their potential as raw material of composite panel products, which is the objective of this review. Areas of development are processed into various conventional composite panel products such as plywood and laminated board which are usually predominantly made of wood and bonded by synthetic resins, particleboard with binder, or binderless and cement board which is arranged with wood as a minor component. All of the products have been presented and described technically according to best knowledge of the authors and literature review