MENSURAÇÃO DA DESIGUALDADE EDUCACIONAL ENTRE OS MUNICÍPIOS NORDESTINOS

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a desigualdade educacional da Região Nordeste com base nos dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Para este fim, foi calculado o Índice de Gini Educacional (IGE) para a parcela da população economicamente ativa com 15 anos ou mais de idade, residentes nos 1793 municípios nordestinos. Foram empregadas as técnicas de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e Análise de Regressão Espacial para detectar a importância de algumas variáveis relacionadas ao contexto das famílias, do sistema educacional e da economia dos municípios sobre o Índice de Gini Educacional. Verificou-se que o estado da Bahia apresentou a menor desigualdade educacional no Nordeste, com IGE de 0,394, enquanto o maior índice de desigualdade foi detectado no estado de Alagoas (0,467). Quanto à analise espacial, foi detectada dependência espacial no tocante à desigualdade educacional entre os municípios e seus vizinhos. Constatou-se também que a renda per capita, a frequência escolar líquida, a presença de IES e o PIB per capita municipal contribuem na redução da desigualdade, e que o baixo impacto de variáveis relacionadas ao sistema educacional pode ser atribuído ao seu efeito no longo prazo e, portanto, ressalta-se a importância do investimento e as políticas públicas educacionais, que só terão reflexo na redução da desigualdade educacional dos municípios no futuro

Evaluation of intracellular calcium in golden retriever muscular dystrophy

The present study had the objective of evaluating calcium accumulations in muscle fibers and their correlation with the canine muscular dystrophy. After the deaths of the animals (13 dystrophic and 3 non-dystrophic), samples of the skeletal muscles were collected. The material was stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Gomori's modified trichrome and alizarin red S technique (pH 4.3). The histopathological changes were analyzed and the proportions of calcium-positive (CPF) and negative muscle fibers were evaluated. Histopathological changes such as muscle fiber diameter changes, necrosis, hyalinization, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and fatty atrophy were identified in all the dystrophic muscles. Statistically significant differences in numbers of CPF between dystrophic muscles and non-dystrophics were observed for the masseter (6%), brachial biceps (5%) and triceps, sartorius and femoral biceps (4%) muscles. The identifying calcium is of interest as a parameter for helping in diagnostic screening

Effect of the application of different water depths and nitrogen and potassium doses on quality of Tanzania grass

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of different water depths and nitrogen and potassium doses in the quality of Tanzania grass, in the southern of the state of Tocantins. The experiment was conducted on strips of traditional sprinklers, and used, as treatments, a mixture of fertilizer combinations of N and K2O always in the ratio of 1 N:0.8 K2O. This study determined throughout the experiment: plant height (PH), the crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The highest plant height obtained was 132.4 cm, with a fertilizer dose of 691.71 kg ha-1 in the proportion of N:0.8 K2O, in other words, 384.28 kg ha-1 of N and 307.43 kg ha-1 of K2O, and water depth of 80% of the ETc. The highest crude protein content was 12.2%, with the fertilizer dose application of 700 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the proportion of 1 N to 0.8 of K2O, in other words, 388.89 kg ha-1 of N and 311.11 kg ha-1 of K2O and absence of irrigation. The lowest level of neutral detergent fiber was 60.7% with the application of the smallest dose of fertilizer and highest water depth. It was concluded in this study that there was an increase in plant height by increasing the fertilizer dose and water depth. The crude protein content increased 5.4% in the dry season, by increasing the fertilizer dose and water depth. In the dry season, there was an increase of NDF content by 4.5% by increasing the application of fertilizer and water depth

Evaluation of potential changes in liver and lung tissue of rats in an ischemia-reperfusion injury model (modified pringle maneuver).

In surgical procedures involving the liver, such as transplantation, resection, and trauma, a temporary occlusion of hepatic vessels may be required. This study was designed to analyze the lesions promoted by ischemia and reperfusion injury of the hepatic pedicle, in the liver and lung, using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. In total, 39 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (C n = 3) and ischemia groups subjected to 10, 20, and 30 minutes of hepatic pedicle clamping (I10, n = 12; I20, n = 12; I30, n = 12). Each ischemia group was subdivided into four subgroups of reperfusion (R15, n = 3; R30, n = 3; R60, n = 3; R120, n = 3), after 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes of reperfusion, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the liver parenchyma (P 0.05). In the lung parenchyma, a significant difference was observed (P 0.05) at different times of ischemia and reperfusion. In the pulmonary parenchyma, the immunoreactivity was not specific, and was not quantified. This study demonstrated that the longer the duration of ischemia and reperfusion, the greater are the morphological lesions found in the hepatic and pulmonary parenchyma

Corneal angiogenesis modulation by cysteine cathepsins: in vitro and in vivo studies

Corneal avascularization is essential for normal vision. Several antiangiogenic factors were identified in cornea such as endostatin and angiostatin. Cathepsin V, which is highly expressed in the cornea, can hydrolyze human plasminogen to release angiostatin fragments. Herein, we describe a detailed investigation of the expression profile of cathepsins B, L, S and V in the human cornea and the role of cysteine peptidases in modulating angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. We used various methodological tools for this purpose, including real-time PCR, SDS-PAGE, western blotting, catalytic activity assays, cellular assays and induction of corneal neovascularity in rabbit eyes. Human corneal enzymatic activity assays revealed the presence of cysteine proteases that were capable of processing endogenous corneal plasminogen to produce angiostatin-like fragments. Comparative real-time analysis of cathepsin B, L, S and V expression revealed that cathepsin V was the most highly expressed, followed by cathepsins L, B and S. However, cathepsin V depletion revealed that this enzyme is not the major cysteine protease responsible for plasminogen degradation under non-pathological conditions. Furthermore, western blotting analysis indicated that only cathepsins B and S were present in their enzymatically active forms. in vivo analysis of angiogenesis demonstrated that treatment with the cysteine peptidase inhibitor E64 caused a reduction in neovascularization. Taken together, our results show that human corneal cysteine proteases are critically involved in angiogenesis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Dept Med 1, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Visao IPEPO, Dept Oftalmol & Ciencias Visuals, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Saude, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Clencias Exatas & Terra, Diadema, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Visao IPEPO, Dept Oftalmol & Ciencias Visuals, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Saude, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Clencias Exatas & Terra, Diadema, SP, BrazilCNPq: 482400/2013-7Web of Scienc

Photomicrographs of the hepatic parenchyma of Wistar rats subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.

<p>Groups (10, 20, and 30 minutes ischemia) and subgroups (15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes reperfusion): I10 and R15 (A), I10 and R30 (B), I10 and R60 (C), I10 and R120 (D), I20 and R15 (E), I20 and R30 (F), I20 and R60 (G), I20 and R120 (H), I30 and R15 (I), I30 and R30 (J), I30 and R60 (K) e I30 and R120 (L). Note the positive immunoreactivity for caspase-3 protein (brown coloration).</p

Liver parenchyma photomicrographs of Wistar rats subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.

<p>Groups (10, 20, and 30 minutes ischemia) and subgroups (15, 30, 60, and 120 reperfusion): I10 and R15 (A), I10 and R30 (B), I10 and R60 (C), I10 and R120 (D), I20 and R15 (E), I20 and R30 (F), I20 and R60 (G), I20 and R120 (H), I30 and R15 (I), I30 and R30 (J), I30 and R60 (K) e I30 and R120 (L). Note: vascular congestion, microvesicles, hydropic degeneration, necrosis, and pyknotic nuclei. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE).</p

Mean values of vascular congestion (A), microvesicles (B), hydropic degeneration (C), necrosis (D), and pyknotic nuclei (E) in the liver parenchyma of the ischemia (I), reperfusion (R), and control (C) group animals.

<p>The data were recorded by optical microscopy after hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). Ischemic groups: I10–10 minutes of ischemia, I20–20 minutes of ischemia and I30–30 minutes of ischemia. Reperfusion subgroups: R15–15 minutes of reperfusion, R30–30 minutes of reperfusion, R60–60 minutes of reperfusion and R120–120 minutes of reperfusion (*P < 0.05).</p