Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous estimation of Alprazolam and Propranolol in their combined dosage form

To develop and validate simple, rapid, economic and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of the Alprazolam and Propranolol which can be applied successfully for the analysis of both the drugs in pure as well as in their combined dosage form. A double-beam Shimadzu UV-Visible spectrophotometer, 1800, with a pair of 1cm matched quartz cells was used to measure the absorbance of the solutions in both developed methods viz. simultaneous equation method and absorption ratio method. 0.1N HCl was selected as solvent. After scanning 10μg/ml solution of each drug separately in the range of 200-400 nm, wavelength of maximum absorption of ALP (262.5 nm) and PROP (288.5 nm) were selected for simultaneous equation method and isobestic point (283 nm) and absorption maxima of ALP (262.5 nm) were selected for absorption ratio method. The methods were validated statistically as per ICH guidelines. Linearity ranges from 5-25 μg/ml for both drugs. %RSD calculated was less than equal to 2 which indicates accuracy and reproducibility of the method. Recovery studies indicate that these drugs could be quantified simultaneously without interference of the excipients present in formulation. The developed UV spectroscopic methods are simple, precise, less time consuming, economical and accurate and thus are suitable for the analysis of ALP and PROP in combined dosage form

High throughput accelerator interface framework for a linear time-multiplexed FPGA overlay

Coarse-grained FPGA overlays improve design productivity through software-like programmability and fast compilation. However, the effectiveness of overlays as accelerators is dependent on suitable interface and programming integration into a typically processor-based computing system, an aspect which has often been neglected in evaluations of overlays. We explore the integration of a time-multiplexed FPGA overlay over a server-class PCI Express interface. We show how this integration can be optimised to maximise performance, and evaluate the area overhead. We also propose a user-friendly programming model for such an overlay accelerator system

Thyroid dysfunction in Human immunodeficiency virus infected patients and their correlation with CD4 count

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in a subset of human immunodeficiency virus positive patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional prevalence study conducted on adult HIV positive patients. The patients presenting with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease or thyroid disorder were excluded from the study. An exhaustive medical history and investigation using biochemical, microbiological and radiological tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Additionally, tests were done to determine the free T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone and CD4 cell count in all the patients.Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in our study was 45.7%. Various types of thyroid dysfunctions obtained were euthyroid sick syndrome in 18.6%, subclinical hypothyroidism in 11.4%, secondary hypothyroidism in 10% and primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism each in 2.9% cases. As the stage of HIV advanced, there is alteration in the level of thyroid stimulating hormone, FT3 and FT4. A direct correlation was found between FT3 and CD4 counts but no correlation was found between thyroid stimulating hormone and FT4 levels and CD4 counts.Conclusions: A higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction that was largely asymptomatic was observed in HIV infected patients with significant change in the hormonal levels in patients with low CD4 count. A direct correlation was observed between FT3 hormone level and CD4 count

Do drivers of renewable energy consumption matter for BRICS economies? Nexus among technological innovation, environmental degradation, economic growth, and income inequality

In light of increasing concerns about climate change and energy security, renewable energy has been seen as the most promising solution to fulfl future energy needs. This study examines the drivers of renewable energy consumption (REC) and the nexus between GDP growth, technological innovation, gross fxed capital formation, CO2 emissions, income inequality, and renewable energy consumption (REC) using annual data from BRICS countries. To this end, the study uses the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator, a second-generation estimator that takes slope homogeneity and cross-sectional dependence into consideration. For robustness, the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator has also been utilized. The fndings of both estimators indicate that carbon emissions, technological innovation, and gross fxed capital formation exert adverse and signifcant impacts on REC. The fndings also show that the use of renewable energy will rise as income inequality declines. We also employ the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) granger causality test. The results of the analysis demonstrate a one-way causal association between income inequality and REC. This fnding confrms that a reduction in income inequality will have a major impact on the adoption of renewable energy sources

Comparison of Cheap Imported Stainless Steel Samples with Indian-made Samples and a Crystalline Phase Based Methodology for Bench-marking them

455-463In the emerging South Asian markets, from the commercial as well as engineering point of view, performance and quality of any local engineering product like steel structures vis a vis similar but imported, cheap materials is always an issue. In this paper, as a representative case, we discuss the composition, crystalline phase and microstructure of two most common stainless steel grades manufactured locally by the major government of India sponsored (GOIS) Steel maker and compare them with similar cheap imported items that some local private businesses prefer due to slightly lower costs but having similar materials usage parameters. We have also used wet etch based micrographic analysis to compare surface morphology and have also done composition analysis in our results. It is shown that even if ASTM standards of composition are followed, since their crystalline phase components are not the same, their performance and properties are never comparable. More stringent quality bench-marking of such alloy materials for checking repeatibility of batches and processes using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectral data analysis is thereby proposed

Achieving green environment targets in the world’s top 10 emitter countries: the role of green innovations and renewable electricity production

The rapid pace of industrialisation and economic development in recent decades is not without its environmental consequences. Electricity production, though an important determinant of economic development, remained under studied in the existing literature and only a few models on the electricity productionenvironmental degradation nexus are available. As a first attempt, this study examines the impact of renewable and non-renewable electricity generation and eco-innovations on CO2 emissions in the world’s top emitting countries under the umbrella of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (E.K.C.) Hypothesis. Second-generation panel data techniques, i.e., C.I.P.S. and Bai and Carrion-ISilvestre (2009) unit root tests, Westerlund and Edgerton (2008) and Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2017) cointegration techniques and Cross-Sectionally Augmented Distributed Lag Model for short and long run coefficient estimations have been employed in the study. It is found that renewable electricity production and eco-innovations have negative effects, whereas non-renewable electricity production has positive effect on CO2 emission. Moreover, the estimation demonstrated the E.K.C. validation in these countries. It is recommended that fossil fuel dependency in the electricity sector should be reduced by devising policies directed towards green electricity measures. More investment in green innovations to achieve green environment and sustainable growth is also recommended by the study

Conformational and Thermodynamic Properties Modulate the Nucleotide Excision Repair of 2-Aminofluorene and 2-Acetylaminofluorene dG Adducts in the NarI Sequence

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major repair pathway that recognizes and corrects various lesions in cellular DNA. We hypothesize that damage recognition is an initial step in NER that senses conformational anomalies in the DNA caused by lesions. We prepared three DNA duplexes containing the carcinogen adduct N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-7-fluoro-2-acetylaminofluorene (FAAF) at G1, G2 or G3 of NarI sequence (5′-CCG1G2CG3CC-3′). Our 19F-NMR/ICD results showed that FAAF at G1 and G3 prefer syn S-and W-conformers, whereas anti B-conformer was predominant for G2. We found that the repair of FAAF occurs in a conformation-specific manner, i.e. the highly S/W-conformeric G3 and-G1 duplexes incised more efficiently than the B-type G2 duplex (G3∼G1\u3eG2). The melting and thermodynamic data indicate that the S-and W-conformers produce greater DNA distortion and thermodynamic destabilization. The N-deacetylated N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-7-fluoro-2-aminofluorene (FAF) adducts in the same NarI sequence are repaired 2-to 3-fold less than FAAF: however, the incision efficiency was in order of G2∼G1\u3eG 3, a reverse trend of the FAAF case. We have envisioned the so-called N-acetyl factor as it could raise conformational barriers of FAAF versus FAF. The present results provide valuable conformational insight into the sequence-dependent UvrABC incisions of the bulky aminofluorene DNA adducts

Do energy resources matter for growth level? The dynamic effects of different strategies of renewable energy, carbon emissions on sustainable economic growth

Correction to: Do Energy Resources matter for Growth Level? The dynamic effects of different strategies of renewable energy, carbon emissions on sustainable economic growth (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, (2022), 10.1007/s10098-022-02432-9) - 2-s2.0-85144909701This study examines the association between renewable energy strategies and carbon emissions on sustainable economic growth under affordable and clean energy sources to achieve sustainable development goal seven. This research provides new insight by exploring the nexus between environmental pollution and the creation of numerous bases of renewable energies, such as hydropower, wind power, biomass, geothermal, and solar photovoltaic, and economic growth epitomizing capital, trade openness, and government spending. Moreover, this investigation uses second-generation devices for econometric investigation and a heterogeneous methodology for panel data for selected Asian countries. The empirical exploration of long-term influences drove by the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group, close by Augmented Mean Group and Mean Group assessors confirm the positive and significant influence of renewable energy like hydropower, solar photovoltaic, wind, biomass, and geothermal on the economic growth of Asian economies. Study findings provide valuable insights for all stakeholders in an integrated and coherent manner