Factor Analysis of Linear Type Traits and Their Relation with Longevity in Brazilian Holstein Cattle

In this study we aimed to evaluate the reduction in dimensionality of 20 linear type traits and more final score in 14,943 Holstein cows in Brazil using factor analysis, and indicate their relationship with longevity and 305 d first lactation milk production. Low partial correlations (−0.19 to 0.38), the medium to high Kaiser sampling mean (0.79) and the significance of the Bartlett sphericity test (p<0.001), indicated correlations between type traits and the suitability of these data for a factor analysis, after the elimination of seven traits. Two factors had autovalues greater than one. The first included width and height of posterior udder, udder texture, udder cleft, loin strength, bone quality and final score. The second included stature, top line, chest width, body depth, fore udder attachment, angularity and final score. The linear regression of the factors on several measures of longevity and 305 d milk production showed that selection considering only the first factor should lead to improvements in longevity and 305 milk production

Study of the population structure in Schnauzer dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the population structure of a Schnauzer dogs kennel. Pedigree data of 129 dogs were collected from a kennel in Southern Brazil. Dogs were divided into groups by height (“miniature”, “standard”, and “giant”) and subsequently, into coat color subgroups (“not informed”, “salt and pepper”, “black”, “white”, and “black and silver”). Population parameters were estimated using the Contribution, Inbreeding, Coancestry (CFC), and RelaX2 programs. Three ancestral generations were traced from the kennel dogs, totaling 685 unique individuals. Of these, 42% were considered founders. The analysis of the effective number of founders, number of effective ancestors, and inbreeding coefficient means were77, 44.9, and 0.08 for the miniature group, 26, 11.7 and 0.05for the standard group, and 28, 9.9 and 0.12 for the giant group, respectively. The subgroup “salt and pepper” in the “giant” group showed the highest inbreeding coefficient (0.14) and the highest kinship coefficient (0.20). Monitoring inbreeding allows to control upcoming breeding to acquire desirable characteristics in the population minimizing risk of deleterious effects

Genetic parameters and genetic trends for production traits in dairy Gir cattle

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic trends (GT) for 305-day milk yield (MY305) and 305-day fat yield (FY305) of purebred Dairy Gir animals of the National Dairy Gir Breeding Program. The restricted maximum likelihood method was used in an animal model. GT were obtained via linear regression and divided into two periods (1935-1992 and 1993-2013 for PL305; 1935-1992 and 1993-2010 for MY305). The estimated heritabilities were 0.23 (MY305) and 0.10 (FY305). The GT (kg/year) values for MY305 in the 2nd period for measured females (25.49), females (26.11), and males (35.13) were higher than those found in the 1st period (2.52; 2.06, and 1.00, respectively). The heritability estimated for MY305 confirmed the possibility of genetic improvement by selection and indicated a lower additive genetic effect on FY305 of purebred animals. The genetic progress for MY305 in all purebred population is denoted by the more expressive gains found from 1990’s, when the first bull catalogs were published

Parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite no dia do controle de vacas da raça Holandesa utilizando modelos de análises de fatores e componentes principais

Objetivou-se comparar um modelo multicaracterística padrão com modelos de análise de fatores (AF) e de componentes principais (CP) para estimar parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite no dia do controle (PLDC) de vacas da raça Holandesa. O arquivo de trabalho constituiu-se de 4.616 registros mensais de PLDC de primeiras lactações de vacas da raça Holandesa. As PLDC foram agrupadas em dez classes mensais, entre o 5o e 305o dia da lactação (PLDC1 a PLDC10). Foram realizadas análises considerando 11 modelos diferentes, como segue: multi-característica padrão (MC); cinco modelos de posto reduzido, para a matriz de covariância genética, ajustando um a cinco (CP1 ... CP5) componentes principais; e dois modelos utilizando análise de fatores (F1, F2, F3, F4 e F5). Para todos os modelos, foram considerados como aleatórios os efeitos genético aditivo e o residual e como fixos os de grupo de contemporâneos, da idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático) e dias em lactação (linear). Os valores de Log L, AIC e BIC melhoraram com o aumento do número de parâmetros até CP4 e AF4. Comparando CP4 e AF4, observa-se que CP4 resultou em melhores valores de Log L, AIC e BIC. As estimativas de herdabilidade e correlações genéticas utilizando os modelos MC, CP4 e AF4 foram similares, variando de 0,06 (PL6) a 0,65 (PL10) e de 0,05 (PL4xPL10) a 0,94 (PL2xPL3), respectivamente, indicando que a estrutura de covariâncias genéticas entre as produções de leite no dia do controle pode ser ajustada utilizando um modelo de posto reduzido, contendo quatro componentes principais ou quatro fatores.The objective was to compare a standard multi-trait (MT) analysis model with factor (FA) and principal components (PC) analyses models to estimated genetic parameters for Holstein cows test day milk production (TD). The data file was composed by 4.616 TD at first lactation registers. The TD was grouped into ten monthly classes of lactation, from the 5th and the 305th day of lactation (TD1 to TD10). Analyses were performed considering 11 different models: standard multi-traits (MT), five reduced rank models to genetic covariance matrix adjusting one (PC1), two (PC2), three (PC3), four (PC4) and five (PD5) principal components and five models using factor analyses (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5). To all the models the effects additive genetic and residual were considered as random and the effects of contemporary group, age of cow at parturition (linear and quadratic) and days in lactation (linear) were considered as fixed. The values of Log L, AIC e BIC improved with the augment of the number of parameters until CP4 and AF4. Comparing CP4 and AF4 is possible to verify that CP4 proportioned better values to Log L, AIC e BIC. The heritabilities and genetic correlations estimated to the ten test day milk production using MC, CP4 and AF4 models were similar ranging from 0.06 (PL6) to 0.65 (PL10) and from 0.05 (PL4xPL10) to 0.94 (PL2xPL3), respectively, indicating that the structure of the genetic covariance between the TD milk productions can be adjusted using a reduced rank model with four principal components or four factors