Evaluation of the potential benefits of iron supplementation in organic pig farming

Background: Iron from the stock acquired during foetal life and the ingestion of milk is not sufficient to cover the needs of the piglets during their first weeks of life. In organic farming, systematic supplementation with iron is problematic due to a strong limitation in pharmaceutic treatments. Methods: Erythroid parameters around weaning were measured in piglets from organic outdoor and indoor farms, and related to indicators of the inflammatory status. Blood samples were collected from 28.9±2.6 piglets/herd at 42.0±3.2 days of age and 11.9±3.0 kg live weight (mean ± SD) in 21 farms from the west part of France. Among the 11 outdoor farms, only one had supplemented piglets with 200 mg iron while among the 10 indoor farms, only one had not supplemented piglets, one had supplemented them with 100 mg, 8 with 200 mg and one with 400 mg. Results: Compared to outdoor piglets without supplementation, piglets kept indoors and receiving 200 mg iron had lower haemoglobin concentration (105 vs 118±2 g/l, mean ± SE) and red blood cell volume (56 vs 60±1 fl) (P<0.005). The reduction in haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell volume was more pronounced in indoor piglets supplemented with 100 mg of iron and even more when they had not received iron. The plasma concentration of haptoglobin was lower in outdoor than in indoor piglets (0.51±0.06 vs 0.78±0.09 g/l) whereas no effect of housing was observed for markers of oxidative stress (dROM, BAP). In the 14 farms where sow parity was known, the haemoglobin concentration was lower in piglets from primiparous than from multiparous sows (109 versus 114±2 g/l, P < 0.001). Conclusion: With the exception of soils where the content of bioavailable iron is very low, piglets from outdoor farms do not require iron supplementation, unlike those raised indoors

Castration of horses under total intravenous anaesthesia: analgesic effects of lidocaine

International audienc

Evaluation of the potential benefits of iron supplementation in organic pig farming

International audienceBackground: Iron from the stock acquired during foetal life and the ingestion of milk is not sufficient to cover the needs of the piglets during their first weeks of life. In organic farming, systematic supplementation with iron is problematic due to a strong limitation in pharmaceutic treatments.Methods: Erythroid parameters around weaning were measured in piglets from organic outdoor and indoor farms, and related to indicators of the inflammatory status. Blood samples were collected from 28.9±2.6 piglets/herd at 42.0±3.2 days of age and 11.9±3.0 kg live weight (mean ± SD) in 21 farms from the west part of France. Among the 11 outdoor farms, only one had supplemented piglets with 200 mg iron while among the 10 indoor farms, only one had not supplemented piglets, one had supplemented them with 100 mg, 8 with 200 mg and one with 400 mg.Results: Compared to outdoor piglets without supplementation, piglets kept indoors and receiving 200 mg iron had lower haemoglobin concentration (105 vs 118±2 g/l, mean ± SE) and red blood cell volume (56 vs 60±1 fl) (P<0.005). The reduction in haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell volume was more pronounced in indoor piglets supplemented with 100 mg of iron and even more when they had not received iron. The plasma concentration of haptoglobin was lower in outdoor than in indoor piglets (0.51±0.06 vs 0.78±0.09 g/l) whereas no effect of housing was observed for markers of oxidative stress (dROM, BAP). In the 14 farms where sow parity was known, the haemoglobin concentration was lower in piglets from primiparous than from multiparous sows (109 versus 114±2 g/l, P < 0.001).Conclusion: With the exception of soils where the content of bioavailable iron is very low, piglets from outdoor farms do not require iron supplementation, unlike those raised indoors

Evaluation de l’intérêt de la supplémentation en fer en élevage porcin biologique.

Cette étude vise à décrire les paramètres hématologiques des porcelets aux alentours du sevrage dans des élevages biologiques de plein air ou en bâtiment. Des échantillons de sang étaient prélevés sur 28,9 ± 2,6 porcelets/élevage à 42,0 ± 3,2 jours d’âge et 11,9 ± 3,0 kg de poids vif (moyenne ± ET) dans 21 élevages de l'ouest de la France. Parmi les 11 élevages en plein air, un seul avait supplémenté avec 200 mg de fer alors que parmi les 10 élevages en bâtiment, un seul n’avait pas supplémenté, un avait supplémenté avec 100 mg, huit avec 200 mg, et un avec 400 mg. Comparés aux porcelets en plein air sans supplémentation, ceux élevés en bâtiment et recevant 200 mg de fer présentaient une concentration en hémoglobine (105 vs 118 ± 2 g/L, moyenne ± ETM) et un volume des globules rouges (56 vs 60 ± 1 fl) plus faibles (P < 0,005). La réduction de la concentration en hémoglobine et du volume des globules rouges était plus marquée chez les porcelets en bâtiment ayant reçu 100 mg de fer et encore plus quand ils n'avaient pas reçu de fer. La concentration plasmatique en haptoglobine, marqueur de l’état inflammatoire, était plus faible en plein air qu’en bâtiment (0,51 ± 0,06 mg/L vs 0,78 ± 0,09 g/L) alors qu’aucun effet du logement n’était observé pour les marqueurs du stress oxydatif (dROM, BAP). Dans les 14 élevages où la parité des truies était connue, la concentration en hémoglobine était plus faible chez les porcelets issus de primipares que de multipares (109 vs 114±2 g/L, P < 0,001). En conclusion, sauf sols carencés en fer, les porcelets issus d'élevages biologiques en plein air ne nécessitent pas de supplémentation en fer contrairement à ceux élevés en bâtiment

Additional file 5: Table S5. of The dog as a naturally-occurring model for insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor-overexpressing breast cancer: an observational cohort study

Factors associated with overall survival (OS) in 103 Triple-negative canine invasive mammary carcinomas. Univariate (log rank test) and multivariate survival analyses (Cox proportional hazard regression). HR: Hazard Ratio, 95 % CI: 95 % Confidence Interval, IGF1R: Insulin-like Growth Factor type 1 Receptor, LVI: Lymphovascular Invasion. When several significant prognostic factors overlapped, only one was selected for the multivariate analysis (LVI was chosen between lymph node status and LVI because it could have been determined in all cases). (DOC 38 kb

Additional file 6: Table S6. of The dog as a naturally-occurring model for insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor-overexpressing breast cancer: an observational cohort study

Factors associated with specific survival (SS) in 103 Triple-negative canine invasive mammary carcinomas. Univariate (log rank test) and multivariate survival analyses (Cox proportional hazard regression). HR: Hazard Ratio, 95 % CI: 95 % Confidence Interval, IGF1R: Insulin-like Growth Factor type 1 Receptor, LVI: Lymphovascular Invasion. When several significant prognostic factors overlapped, only one was selected for the multivariate analysis (LVI was chosen between lymph node status and LVI because it could have been determined in all cases). (DOC 35 kb

Additional file 4: Table S4. of The dog as a naturally-occurring model for insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor-overexpressing breast cancer: an observational cohort study

Factors associated with specific survival (SS) in 47 Luminal canine invasive mammary carcinomas. Univariate (log rank test) and multivariate survival analyses (Cox proportional hazard regression). HR: Hazard Ratio, 95 % CI: 95 % Confidence Interval, HER2: Epidermal Growth Factor type 2 Receptor, IGF1R: Insulin-like Growth Factor type 1 Receptor, LVI: Lymphovascular Invasion. (DOC 33 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of The dog as a naturally-occurring model for insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor-overexpressing breast cancer: an observational cohort study

Significant associations between IGF1R expression and clinicopathological features of 47 luminal canine mammary carcinomas. IGF1R score 0–1+ is considered as the reference for each parameter. IGF1R Insulin-like Growth Factor type 1 Receptor. LVI: Lymphovascular Invasion. OR: Odd Ratio. 95 % CI: 95 % Confidence Interval. (DOC 30 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of The dog as a naturally-occurring model for insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor-overexpressing breast cancer: an observational cohort study

Primary antibodies and immunohistochemical protocols (Benchmark XT Ventana, Roche Diagnostics). All dilutions were performed using a commercially available diluent (Ventana Medical Systems). aUltraview and bOptiview Universal DAB detection kit: multimer-technology based detection system. cIView Universal DAB detection kit: biotin streptavidin system. ERα: Estrogen Receptor alpha, PR: Progesterone Receptor, HER2: Epidermal Growth Factor type 2 Receptor, CK5/6: Cytokeratin 5/6, EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor type 1 Receptor, IGF1R: Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor. CC1: Cell Conditioning 1. (DOC 33 kb