Bringing it home: the inter-American system and state obligations - using a gender approach regionally to address women's rights violations domestically

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A study of weekly paclitaxel vs weekly cisplatin with concomitant chemoradiation in locally advanced head and neck cancer

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the role of concomitant chemoradiation using paclitaxel versus cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck cancers.Methods: 52 patients were randomly assigned to one of the two concomitant chemoradiation arms: arm I (n=26) and arm II (n= 26) who received injection of paclitaxel 40 mg/m2 I/V 1-hour infusion before radiation, repeated weekly for 6 cycles, and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 I/V 1-hour infusion before radiation, repeated weekly for 6 cycles, respectively. The planned radiotherapy dose was 66-70 Gy, 2 Gy/day, 5#/Week in 6-7 weeks.Results: Response rates were 69.2% and 57.7% in arm I and arm II, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the study group and the control group (P = 0.85) On median follow up of 7-15 months, Disease free survival was (83.3%) in arm I compared with (73.3%) in arm II but the difference was statistically insignificant. Local toxicities including mucositis, dysphasia and skin reactions were more in the study the haematological toxicity was generally mild. On the contrary, non-hematologic toxicities were severe. Grade IV mucositis occurred in 26.9% in arm I and in 3.8% in arm II (P = 0.003). Moreover, grade IV dermatitis were encountered in 23.1% in arm I (P = 0.00).Conclusions: Both concomitant chemoradiotherapy regimens were easily given in the outpatient clinic. The regimen based on paclitaxel was more effective; however, the difference was insignificant.

Estratégias de litígio de interesse público para o avanço dos direitos humanos em sistemas domésticos de Direito

Edição trilingue: português, espanhol e inglês.Título em espanhol: Estrategias de litigio de interés público para el avance de los derechos humanos en los sistemas domésticos de derecho. -- Título em inglês: Public interest litigation strategies for advancing human rights in domestic systems of law.O avanço dos direitos humanos requer que os tribunais esclareçam o que entendem por direitos para grupos de pessoas. Quando as normas de direitos humanos internacionais e regionais são internalizadas mediante sua implementação num sistema doméstico, o campo se torna fértil para demandas judiciais de interesse público. Talvez a conclusão seja de que há uma evolução gradual quanto ao desenvolvimento de uma legislação de direitos humanos, do sistema internacional ao regional. O artigo enfoca a prática do litígio de interesse público na África do Sul discutindo, entre outras, questões de acesso a justiça, educação legal clínica e assistência jurídica à população. Como exemplo de estratégia em uma ação pública, o autor analisa o processo movido contra o governo por uma campanha de ação para o tratamento da aids

Realized stock-market volatility of the United States and the presidential approval rating

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: Data will be made available upon request.Studying the question of whether macroeconomic predictors play a role in forecasting stock-market volatility has a long and significant tradition in the empirical finance literature. We went beyond the earlier literature in that we studied whether the presidential approval rating can be used as a single-variable substitute in place of standard macroeconomic predictors when forecasting stock-market volatility in the United States (US). Political-economy considerations imply that the presidential approval rating should reflect fluctuations in macroeconomic predictors and, hence, may absorb or even improve on the predictive value for stock-market volatility of the latter. We studied whether the presidential approval rating has predictive value out-of-sample for realized stock-market volatility and, if so, which types of investors benefit from using it.https://www.mdpi.com/journal/mathematicsEconomicsSDG-08:Decent work and economic growt

A comparative study on concurrent chemoradiation using cisplatin versus carboplatin in the management of locoregionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Concurrent chemoradiation is considered the standard care for locoregionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This study aimed to compare the treatment response, progression free survival and treatment toxicities between cisplatin and carboplatin based concurrent chemoradiation.Methods: Between October 2015 and September 2017, 60 eligible patients were enrolled and divided into two arms of 30 patients each. Arm A received EBRT to chest (60Gy/30 fractions) with concurrent weekly Injection Cisplatin 35mg/m2. Arm B received EBRT to chest (60Gy/30 fractions) with concurrent weekly Injection Carboplatin at a dose of AUC-2. Early treatment response was assessed at 1 month and late treatment response at 6 months after completion of radiation using RECIST criteria. Treatment toxicities was assessed using RTOG toxicity criteria. All statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21.Results: Most patients were in the age range of 61-70 years. Mean age of presentation was 67.53±11.038 years in Arm A and 66.03±12.794 years in Arm B. Median follow up was 16 months for both arms. Response rate of was slightly better in Arm A (73.3% versus 60%). 1 year PFS rate was 53.33% in Arm A and 36.67% in Arm B. Median time to progression was better in Arm A (11 months vs 10 months). Toxicities were almost comparable in both the arms.Conclusions: Use of carboplatin in combination with radiation therapy is comparable to cisplatin in terms of treatment outcomes with better compliance and lower toxicity

Cancers of the appendix: a case report and review of the literatures

Cancers of the appendix are rare. Most of them are found accidentally on appendectomies performed for appendicitis. Majority of the tumors are carcinoid, adenoma, and lymphoma. Adenocarcinomas of appendix constitute about only 0.08% of all cancers and the treatment remains controversial. Here we are reporting a 57 year old man presented with symptoms of appendicitis, diagnosed with mucinious adenocarcinoma of the appendix. The patient was treated with appendectomy. We performed a review of literature on tumors of the appendix. Benign conditions are treated with surgery alone. For lymphomas chemotherapy are required and carcinoid syndrome can be treated with somatostatin analogues

Divergent evolution of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in India: An update from National Diphtheria Surveillance network.

Diphtheria is caused by a toxigenic bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria which is being an emerging pathogen in India. Since diphtheria morbidity and mortality continues to be high in the country, the present study aimed to study the molecular epidemiology of C. diphtheriae strains from India. A total of 441 diphtheria suspected specimens collected as part of the surveillance programme between 2015 and 2020 were studied. All the isolates were confirmed as C. diphtheriae with standard biochemical tests, ELEK's test, and real-time PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the subset of isolates showed intermediate susceptibility to penicillin and complete susceptible to erythromycin and cefotaxime. Isolates were characterized using multi locus sequence typing method. MLST analysis for the 216 C. diphtheriae isolates revealed major diversity among the sequence types. A total of 34 STs were assigned with majority of the isolates belonged to ST466 (30%). The second most common ST identified was ST405 that was present in 14% of the isolates. The international clone ST50 was also seen. The identified STs were grouped into 8 different clonal complexes (CC). The majority belongs to CC5 followed by CC466, CC574 and CC209, however a single non-toxigenic strain belongs to CC42. This epidemiological analysis revealed the emergence of novel STs and the clones with better dissemination properties. This study has also provided information on the circulating strains of C. diphtheriae among the different regions of India. The molecular data generated through surveillance system can be utilized for further actions in concern

Após o estabelecimento de normas de direitos humanos, o que virá a seguir?

Edição trilíngue: português, espanhol e inglês.Título em espanhol: ¿Qué le sigue al establecimiento de los estándares de derechos humanos?Título em inglês: After human rights standard setting, what's next