The Most Important Performing Arts Arisen from \u3cem\u3eShahnameh\u3c/em\u3e of Ferdowsi: \u3cem\u3eShahnameh-khani\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eNaqqali\u3c/em\u3e of \u3cem\u3eShahnameh\u3c/em\u3e

Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is the Iranian national epic, which reflects the history, cultural values, sense of nationhood, and ancient religions of Persia by the only use of Persian pure words in the age of Arabic influence on the literature and science language. The footprint of this voluminous masterpiece has been seen in the different kinds of arts since its compilation and up to now; one of them is the penetration of Shahnameh’s verses in the art of storytelling that resulted in the formation of two types of performing arts: “Shahnameh-khani—singing the exact verses of Shahnameh from memory or from a book without any manipulation—and Naqqali of Shahnameh—narrating the stories of Shahnameh with special tone, feelings, expression, gestures, and movements.” These two forms of performing art have obvious differences but occasionally have been applied incorrectly. Shahnameh-khani and Naqqali of Shahnameh have had a prominent position in Persia, and there is a lot of evidence, such as Iranologists’ statements, travelers’ reports, and Iranian kings’ considerations, that clarifies their importance. Various formats and accompanied elements depend on the political policies of governments, time period, and geographical regions, which have led to creating four basic types of these two performing arts whose main differences are in the theme of the poems, accompaniment or non-accompaniment of music, and expression of the narrators and singers

Combination of Metformin and Inorganic Nitrate: Effects on Metabolic Disease and Lactic Acidosis

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic gaseous molecule generated in our bodies by enzymes known as NO synthases. More recently another pathway for generation of NO has been delineated in which dietary or endogenous inorganic nitrate and nitrite are metabolized to form NO. Dietary supplementation with nitrate has proven beneficial for a number of disorders e.g. by improving metabolic function and lowering blood pressure, making it an attractive novel drug candidate in metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Besides utilizing direct therapeutic effects of nitrate itself, another attractive option might be to combine nitrate with another drug in order to increase the overall effect or reduce the side effects of the other drug. The aim of the proposed thesis was to determine whether simultaneous acute administration of a low dose of metformin and nitrate can act synergistically to improve metabolic functions and decrease blood glucose level in a metabolic syndrome genetic mouse model (A2BKO mice) and also if this combination can prevent lactic acidosis produced by metformin in rats. The results showed that both nitrate and metformin alone had a beneficial effect on glucose tolerance but there was no clear synergistic effect to decrease blood glucose levels. We speculate that the lack of synergy may be due to their same mechanism of action in targeting NADPH oxidase and AMP-activated protein kinase. However, the glucose disposal was better in metformin and nitrate combination group compared to metformin group. Moreover, in separate experiments we found that acute administration of nitrate had no impact on prevention of lactic acidosis induced by high dose of metformin in rats. However, future chronic studies are necessary in order to ameliorate our knowledge of the proposed combination mechanism.</p

Combination of Metformin and Inorganic Nitrate: Effects on Metabolic Disease and Lactic Acidosis

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic gaseous molecule generated in our bodies by enzymes known as NO synthases. More recently another pathway for generation of NO has been delineated in which dietary or endogenous inorganic nitrate and nitrite are metabolized to form NO. Dietary supplementation with nitrate has proven beneficial for a number of disorders e.g. by improving metabolic function and lowering blood pressure, making it an attractive novel drug candidate in metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Besides utilizing direct therapeutic effects of nitrate itself, another attractive option might be to combine nitrate with another drug in order to increase the overall effect or reduce the side effects of the other drug. The aim of the proposed thesis was to determine whether simultaneous acute administration of a low dose of metformin and nitrate can act synergistically to improve metabolic functions and decrease blood glucose level in a metabolic syndrome genetic mouse model (A2BKO mice) and also if this combination can prevent lactic acidosis produced by metformin in rats. The results showed that both nitrate and metformin alone had a beneficial effect on glucose tolerance but there was no clear synergistic effect to decrease blood glucose levels. We speculate that the lack of synergy may be due to their same mechanism of action in targeting NADPH oxidase and AMP-activated protein kinase. However, the glucose disposal was better in metformin and nitrate combination group compared to metformin group. Moreover, in separate experiments we found that acute administration of nitrate had no impact on prevention of lactic acidosis induced by high dose of metformin in rats. However, future chronic studies are necessary in order to ameliorate our knowledge of the proposed combination mechanism.Siirretty Doriast

Green Thermosetting Factory: Novel Star-shaped Bio-based Systems and Their Thermosetting Resins; Synthesis and Characterization

Increasing attentions toward sustainable development, economic and environmental issues have led to many attempts at replacing the petroleum-based materials with renewables. Substitution of petroleum-based platforms with green alternative technologies is beneficiary in different ways. Using bio-renewables reduces the dependency of the national plastic industry to the petroleum resources and substantially promotes the environmental profile and sustainability of the product. It is expected that the emergence of the corn-based thermosetting industry generates substantial profits for the corn production sector. Developments in the emerging biobased thermosets are spectacular from a technological point of view. However, there are still several disadvantages associated with the current biobased thermosetting resins, e.g. low processability, environmental issues, expensive sources and poor thermomechanical properties. Use of natural fibers not only contributes to the production of a more environmentally friendly product, but also has advantages such as low-weight product and low manufacturing costs. The results of this study show a possibility of production of biocomposites made from natural fibers and star-shaped resin, synthesized from corn-based materials (lactic acid and itaconic acid) and different multihydroxyl core molecules. These resins were synthesized via two-steps strategy: polycondensation of the monomers with the core molecules followed by end-functionalization of the branches by methacrylic anhydride or itaconic acid. The results have shown that these resin are capable of competing with or even surpassing fossil fuel based resins in terms of cost and eco-friendliness aspect. Inexpensive biobased raw material, better environmental profile, low viscosity, and better processability of the matrix along with better thermomechanical properties of the produced biocomposites are of advantages expected for these systems

Evaluation of intervening role of health risk-related training and consultation on performance of High school students from Kermanshah suburban

Background and aims: The most important risk factors threatening health of young people include improper diet, inactivity, smoking, intentional and accidental damages, drugs, AIDS/HIV and psychiatric disorders. Considering increased risky behaviors among teens during 2 last decades, it was decided to evaluate the effects of education and consultation roles in relation to health risks on performance of teens from suburban areas within 4 months following interventions and to propose a model for health-based modification of teen's behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the intervening role of health risk-related personal education and consultation on performance of high school students from suburban areas in Kermanshah province. Methods: Research population consisted of 8534 high school students from suburban areas of Kermanshah province. School wise questionnaires were completed for all samples before and four months after holding personal education and consulting session. Results: Performances of students on intentional/accidental damages, nutrition, physical activities and AIDS/HIV was improved 4 months after education consultation intervention (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed with student's performance in the fields of smoking, addiction and psychiatric disorders in comparison with the time prior to the intervention. Conclusion: These examination findings revealed positive effects of personal education and consultation on modification of teen's risky behaviors. It appears that a long-term planning is required for modifying behaviors regarding smoking, drugs usage and psychiatric disorders. Self-care education is particularly important because experience has proven that role of classic education pales over time while knowledge leading to acquired skills will be more permanent

Effect of Surface Treatment With Er:YAG and CO2 Lasers on Shear Bond Strength of Polyether Ether Ketone to Composite Resin Veneers

Introduction: Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has low surface energy and high resistance to chemical surface treatments. Therefore, different surface treatments such as laser conditioning should be investigated. There is a gap of information regarding the efficacy of laser irradiation in the surface treatment of PEEK, and the efficacy of several laser types needs to be evaluated for this purpose. This study aimed to assess the effect of surface treatment with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) and carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers on shear bond strength (SBS) of PEEK to composite resin veneers.Methods: In this experimental study, 60 rectangular-shaped PEEK samples (7 x 7 x 2 mm) were used. The samples were mounted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin in such a way that only one surface measuring 7x7 mm remained exposed. The samples were then randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20) of control, Er:YAG laser surface treatment (Power = 1.5 W, energy density = 119.42 J/cm2, irradiation time = 20 s) and CO2 laser surface treatment (Power = 4 W, energy density = 159.22 J/cm2, irradiation time = 50 s). The bonding agent and PEEK opaque were applied on the surface of samples and they were veneered with a composite resin using a hollow plastic cylinder with an internal diameter of 4 mm. The SBS was then measured and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett’s test at 0.05 level of significance.Results: The SBS of the 3 groups was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001). The Tukey HSD test revealed that the Er:YAG laser had higher SBS than the CO2 laser group (P &lt; 0.001). The Dunnett’s test showed that both Er:YAG and CO2 laser groups yielded higher SBS than the control group (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: The Er:YAG and CO2 laser treatments can increase the SBS of PEEK to composite resin veneers, although the Er:YAG laser seems to be more effective for this purpose.