Profile of Maternal and Foetal Complications during Labour and Delivery among Women Giving Birth in Hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh

Worldwide, for an estimated 358,000 women, pregnancy and childbirth end in death and mourning, and beyond these maternal deaths, 9-10% of pregnant women or about 14 million women per year suffer from acute maternal complications. This paper documents the types and severity of maternal and foetal complications among women who gave birth in hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh, during 2007-2008. The Community Health Research Workers (CHRWs) of the icddr,b service area in Matlab prospectively collected data for the study from 4,817 women on their places of delivery and pregnancy outcomes. Of them, 3,010 (62.5%) gave birth in different hospitals in Matlab and/or Chandpur and beyond. Review of hospital-records was attempted for 2,102 women who gave birth only in the Matlab Hospital of icddr,b and in other public and private hospitals in the Matlab and Chandpur area. Among those, 1,927 (91.7%) records were found and reviewed by a physician. By reviewing the hospital-records, 7.3% of the women (n=1,927) who gave birth in the local hospitals were diagnosed with a severe maternal complication, and 16.1% with a less-severe maternal complication. Abortion cases - either spontaneous or induced - were excluded from the analysis. Over 12% of all births were delivered by caesarean section (CS). For a substantial proportion (12.5%) of CS, no clear medical indication was recorded in the hospitalregister. Twelve maternal deaths occurred during the study period; most (83%) of them had been in contact with a hospital before death. Recommendations include standardization of the hospital record-keeping system, proper monitoring of indications of CS, and introduction of maternal death audit for further improvement of the quality of care in public and private hospitals in rural Bangladesh

Profile of maternal and foetal complications during labour and delivery among women giving birth in hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh.

Worldwide, for an estimated 358,000 women, pregnancy and childbirth end in death and mourning, and beyond these maternal deaths, 9-10% of pregnant women or about 14 million women per year suffer from acute maternal complications. This paper documents the types and severity of maternal and foetal complications among women who gave birth in hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh, during 2007-2008. The Community Health Research Workers (CHRWs) of the icddr,b service area in Matlab prospectively collected data for the study from 4,817 women on their places of delivery and pregnancy outcomes. Of them, 3,010 (62.5%) gave birth in different hospitals in Matlab and/or Chandpur and beyond. Review of hospital-records was attempted for 2,102 women who gave birth only in the Matlab Hospital of icddr,b and in other public and private hospitals in the Matlab and Chandpur area. Among those, 1,927 (91.7%) records were found and reviewed by a physician. By reviewing the hospital-records, 7.3% of the women (n=1,927) who gave birth in the local hospitals were diagnosed with a severe maternal complication, and 16.1% with a less-severe maternal complication. Abortion cases--either spontaneous or induced--were excluded from the analysis. Over 12% of all births were delivered by caesarean section (CS). For a substantial proportion (12.5%) of CS, no clear medical indication was recorded in the hospital-register. Twelve maternal deaths occurred during the study period; most (83%) of them had been in contact with a hospital before death. Recommendations include standardization of the hospital record-keeping system, proper monitoring of indications of CS, and introduction of maternal death audit for further improvement of the quality of care in public and private hospitals in rural Bangladesh

Modulation of RNA splicing enhances response to BCL2 inhibition in leukemia.

Therapy resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. Here, we performed CRISPR-Cas9 screens across a broad range of therapies used in acute myeloid leukemia to identify genomic determinants of drug response. Our screens uncover a selective dependency on RNA splicing factors whose loss preferentially enhances response to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Loss of the splicing factor RBM10 augments response to venetoclax in leukemia yet is completely dispensable for normal hematopoiesis. Combined RBM10 and BCL2 inhibition leads to mis-splicing and inactivation of the inhibitor of apoptosis XIAP and downregulation of BCL2A1, an anti-apoptotic protein implicated in venetoclax resistance. Inhibition of splicing kinase families CLKs (CDC-like kinases) and DYRKs (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases) leads to aberrant splicing of key splicing and apoptotic factors that synergize with venetoclax, and overcomes resistance to BCL2 inhibition. Our findings underscore the importance of splicing in modulating response to therapies and provide a strategy to improve venetoclax-based treatments

Development and application of the Oxide Stress Separation technique for the measurement of ONO leakage currents at low electric fields in 40nm floating gate embedded-flash memory

International audienceThe silicon dioxide/silicon nitride/silicon dioxide (ONO) inter-gate dielectric layer has long been used in floating gate flash memories to provide coupling with the control gate, while simultaneously blocking leakage to it Given the thickness and quality of the ONO, it is not possible to directly measure the leakage currents at low electric fields. This article presents the Oxide Stress Separation (OSS) technique which places a flash cell in a condition where the potential drop occurs entirely across the ONO. This allows for the measurement of currents on the order of 10(-23) A to be measured at low electric fields using nominal floating gate flash memory cells. Using OSS, state-of-the-art 40 nm embedded-flash memories are characterized, allowing an evaluation of data retention contributors. Comparing OSS results with bake tests, ONO is found to be minimally responsible for the data retention drift, even in modern memories

Oxide Stress Separation technique for the assessment of Inter-Gate Dielectric integrity in 40 nm Flash memory cells,

session posterInternational audienc

Evaluation of ONO compatibility with high-k metal gate stacks for future embedded flash products

session 9: Novel Materials and TechnologiesInternational audienceEmbedded flash memories having high-k metal gate-based logic devices will require modifications to the flash cells in order to remain economically feasible. One potential integration scheme is to keep the traditional ONO layer as the flash cell's inter-gate dielectric and replace its poly-Si control gate with the same high-k metal gate stack used for the logic devices. Preliminary electrical tests show that an HfSiON/TiN/a-Si gate stack does not significantly impact the EOT or leakage properties of the ONO layer. This stack is more robust than the traditional ONO with a poly-Si gate

Profile of Maternal and Foetal Complications during Labour and Delivery among Women Giving Birth in Hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh

Worldwide, for an estimated 358,000 women, pregnancy and childbirth end in death and mourning, and beyond these maternal deaths, 9-10% of pregnant women or about 14 million women per year suffer from acute maternal complications. This paper documents the types and severity of maternal and foetal complications among women who gave birth in hospitals in Matlab and Chandpur, Bangladesh, during 2007-2008. The Community Health Research Workers (CHRWs) of the icddr,b service area in Matlab prospectively collected data for the study from 4,817 women on their places of delivery and pregnancy outcomes. Of them, 3,010 (62.5%) gave birth in different hospitals in Matlab and/or Chandpur and beyond. Review of hospital-records was attempted for 2,102 women who gave birth only in the Matlab Hospital of icddr,b and in other public and private hospitals in the Matlab and Chandpur area. Among those, 1,927 (91.7%) records were found and reviewed by a physician. By reviewing the hospital-records, 7.3% of the women (n=1,927) who gave birth in the local hospitals were diagnosed with a severe maternal complication, and 16.1% with a less-severe maternal complication. Abortion cases - either spontaneous or induced - were excluded from the analysis. Over 12% of all births were delivered by caesarean section (CS). For a substantial proportion (12.5%) of CS, no clear medical indication was recorded in the hospitalregister. Twelve maternal deaths occurred during the study period; most (83%) of them had been in contact with a hospital before death. Recommendations include standardization of the hospital record-keeping system, proper monitoring of indications of CS, and introduction of maternal death audit for further improvement of the quality of care in public and private hospitals in rural Bangladesh

Advanced characterizations of fluorine-free tungsten film and its application as low resistance liner for PCRAM

International audienceUsing a metal-organic tungsten based precursor, a fluorine-free tungsten thin film has been obtained. The process deposition recipe includes a plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) step and atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles. A set of physicochemical characterizations including X-ray reflectivity (XRR), in-plane X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), plasma profiling time of flight mass spectrometry (PPTOFMS) and microscope observations has been realized in order to study the W thin film structure and properties. The film is perfectly conformal whatever the structure size investigated (from tens of nanometers to micrometers wide). It was also highlighted that the F-free W film exhibits the lowest electrical resistivity phase (α-W) but is not pure. Indeed, in addition to a top surface oxidation, a layer located at the W film / substrate interface is present. This interface layer (IL) contains impurities, including carbon and oxygen, due to ligand decomposition. This IL might be deposited during the soak step or during the PECVD step. The W liner with thicknesses ranging from 3 to 4 nm has been implemented on PCRAM structures in order to evaluate its impact on contact plug resistivity. First electrical results are promising and demonstrate the interest of using a F-free low resistance W liner. At the aspect ratio studied, the gain in terms of contact plug resistivity is about 20% compared to the process of reference using a TiN liner. Modeling shows that this benefit is mainly due to the reduction of interface resistances