Effect of Psoralea corylifolia on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in mice

AbstractThe whole plant of Psoralea corylifolia (PC) is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes. Mice were treated with prestandardised dose of dexamethasone for 22days and effect of PC at the doses of 100, 200 and 300mg/kg, p.o. on plasma blood glucose level, serum triglyceride level, glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, catalase and LPO), and body weight were observed. PC showed significant decrease in plasma glucose and serum triglyceride levels (p<0.01) at the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o. and also stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The levels of antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD, and catalase were significantly increased (p<0.01) and there was significant decrease (p<0.01) in level of LPO.Hence it can be concluded that Psoralea carylifolia may prove to be effective in the treatment of Type-II Diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance

DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING OF SPECIAL MANDREL FOR GEAR TEETH GRINDING

In the present techno economic scenarioevery manufacturing industry takes great effort in cutting down costs by reducingerrors in manufacturing and resources. Our present investigation is an attempt made in the same direction by designing a special mandrel which willeliminate run-out error of gear, reduce inventory costand increase productivity by reducingthe machiningtime.Geer teeth Grinding, as a final process,exerts great influence on quality and accuracy of surface layer of teeth of gears. The mandrel and sleeve is designedin suchawaythat it can accommodate a range of gear sizes on a single mandrel instead of using separate mandrel for each gear. For example: For gear sizes of internal diameter 31-40 mm only one mandrel is required along with expandable sleeves.As per the problemidentified we designed a mandrel and sleeve, in CATIA-V5. Further it was analysed in the software for any aberrations. It wasthensimulated for real time working conditions. After complete analysis and approval of design , all modes of failureswere tested and design was finalized and selected for fabrication

Mechanistic Insights into Pincer-Ligated Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Azoles with Aryl Iodides: Evidence of a Pd^II–Pd^IV–Pd^II Pathway

Pincer-based (^R2POCN^R′2)­PdCl complexes along with CuI cocatalyst catalyze the arylation of azoles with aryl iodides to give the 2-arylated azole products. Herein, we report an extensive mechanistic investigation for the direct arylation of azoles involving a well-defined and highly efficient (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­PdCl (<b>2a</b>) catalyst, which emphasizes a rare Pd^II–Pd^IV–Pd^II redox catalytic pathway. Kinetic studies and deuterium labeling experiments indicate that the C–H bond cleavage on azoles occurs via two distinct routes in a reversible manner. Controlled reactivity of the catalyst <b>2a</b> underlines the iodo derivative (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­PdI (<b>3a</b>) to be the resting state of the catalyst. The intermediate species (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­Pd-benzothiazolyl (<b>4a</b>) has been isolated and structurally characterized. A determination of reaction rates of compound <b>4a</b> with electronically different aryl iodides has revealed the kinetic significance of the oxidative addition of the C­(sp²)–X electrophile, aryl iodide, to complex <b>4a</b>. Furthermore, the reactivity behavior of <b>4a</b> suggests that the arylation of benzothiazole proceeds via an oxidative addition/reductive elimination pathway involving a (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­Pd^IV(benzothiazolyl)­(Ar)I species, which is strongly supported by DFT calculations

Mechanistic Insights into Pincer-Ligated Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Azoles with Aryl Iodides: Evidence of a Pd^II–Pd^IV–Pd^II Pathway

Pincer-based (^R2POCN^R′2)­PdCl complexes along with CuI cocatalyst catalyze the arylation of azoles with aryl iodides to give the 2-arylated azole products. Herein, we report an extensive mechanistic investigation for the direct arylation of azoles involving a well-defined and highly efficient (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­PdCl (<b>2a</b>) catalyst, which emphasizes a rare Pd^II–Pd^IV–Pd^II redox catalytic pathway. Kinetic studies and deuterium labeling experiments indicate that the C–H bond cleavage on azoles occurs via two distinct routes in a reversible manner. Controlled reactivity of the catalyst <b>2a</b> underlines the iodo derivative (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­PdI (<b>3a</b>) to be the resting state of the catalyst. The intermediate species (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­Pd-benzothiazolyl (<b>4a</b>) has been isolated and structurally characterized. A determination of reaction rates of compound <b>4a</b> with electronically different aryl iodides has revealed the kinetic significance of the oxidative addition of the C­(sp²)–X electrophile, aryl iodide, to complex <b>4a</b>. Furthermore, the reactivity behavior of <b>4a</b> suggests that the arylation of benzothiazole proceeds via an oxidative addition/reductive elimination pathway involving a (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­Pd^IV(benzothiazolyl)­(Ar)I species, which is strongly supported by DFT calculations

Mechanistic Insights into Pincer-Ligated Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Azoles with Aryl Iodides: Evidence of a Pd^II–Pd^IV–Pd^II Pathway

Pincer-based (^R2POCN^R′2)­PdCl complexes along with CuI cocatalyst catalyze the arylation of azoles with aryl iodides to give the 2-arylated azole products. Herein, we report an extensive mechanistic investigation for the direct arylation of azoles involving a well-defined and highly efficient (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­PdCl (<b>2a</b>) catalyst, which emphasizes a rare Pd^II–Pd^IV–Pd^II redox catalytic pathway. Kinetic studies and deuterium labeling experiments indicate that the C–H bond cleavage on azoles occurs via two distinct routes in a reversible manner. Controlled reactivity of the catalyst <b>2a</b> underlines the iodo derivative (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­PdI (<b>3a</b>) to be the resting state of the catalyst. The intermediate species (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­Pd-benzothiazolyl (<b>4a</b>) has been isolated and structurally characterized. A determination of reaction rates of compound <b>4a</b> with electronically different aryl iodides has revealed the kinetic significance of the oxidative addition of the C­(sp²)–X electrophile, aryl iodide, to complex <b>4a</b>. Furthermore, the reactivity behavior of <b>4a</b> suggests that the arylation of benzothiazole proceeds via an oxidative addition/reductive elimination pathway involving a (^iPr2POCN^Et2)­Pd^IV(benzothiazolyl)­(Ar)I species, which is strongly supported by DFT calculations