Ab initio analysis of all income society classes in the European Union

We found a unified formula for description of the household incomes of all society classes, for instance, of those of the European Union in year 2007. This formula is a stationary solution of the threshold Fokker-Planck equation (derived from the threshold nonlinear Langevin one). The formula is more general than the well known that of Yakovenko et al. because it satisfactorily describes not only household incomes of low- and medium-income society classes but also the household incomes of the high-income society class.Comment: Accepted for publication in Acta Physica Polonica A. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1301.207

Fundamental Algorithms of the Goddard Battery Model

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is currently producing a computer model to predict Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) performance in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) cycling regime. The model proper is currently still in development, but the inherent, fundamental algorithms (or methodologies) of the model are defined. At present, the model is closely dependent on empirical data and the data base currently used is of questionable accuracy. Even so, very good correlations have been determined between model predictions and actual cycling data. A more accurate and encompassing data base has been generated to serve dual functions: show the limitations of the current data base, and be inbred in the model properly for more accurate predictions. The fundamental algorithms of the model, and the present data base and its limitations, are described and a brief preliminary analysis of the new data base and its verification of the model's methodology are presented

Temporal coherence length of light in semiclassical field theory models

The following work is motivated by the conceptual problems associated with the wave-particle duality and the notion of the photon. Two simple classical models for radiation from individual emitters are compared, one based on sines with random phasejumps, another based on pulse trains. The sum signal is calculated for a varying number of emitters. The focus lies on the final signal's statistical features quantified by means of the temporal coherence function and the temporal coherence length. We show how these features might be used to experimentally differentiate between the models. We also point to ambiguities in the definition of the temporal coherence length.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. The following article has been submitted to AIP Conference Proceedings: Advances in Quantum Theory, Vaxjo 201

A Note On Interpreting Canary Exposure

Canary exposure, introduced in Carlini et al. is frequently used to empirically evaluate, or audit, the privacy of machine learning model training. The goal of this note is to provide some intuition on how to interpret canary exposure, including by relating it to membership inference attacks and differential privacy.Comment: short note, edited to add a sentence on independence of canary losses, including adding Pillutla et a

"Let everybody love me" : the transnational body of Elżbieta Czyżewska

The ways to create a star personality in the Polish People's Republic are closer to the strategy of creating stars in the Soviet cinema, where the star had to function as an power engine, as an incentive to action, than to the Hollywood system (star system). It is well illustrated by the career of Elżbieta Czyżewska: not only was she the most fascinating actress of her generation but she was also quickly transformed into a star. Czyżewska’s body used as a screen on which first the (socialist) desires and then (socialist) fears were projected, was placed - almost from the beginning of her career - in transnational contexts. She crossed borders not only on the screen: in 1965 Czyżewska married The New York Times correspondent, David Halberstam, and left for New York, or rather was forced to leave. The star’s previously ideal body suddenly appeared to be - not for "strangers" but for "us", not outside the national community but inside it - a transgressive (since openly transnational) anti-body. This article explores (1) the phenomenon of a star in the Polish People's Republic ("socialist star system"), (2) transgressions of Czyżewska in the West, (3) and, above all, their Polish reception

Exploring the energetic consequences and decision-making behaviours of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) foraging on common eider (Somateria mollissima) seaduck eggs on Mitivik Island, Nunavut

Climate change is projected to further degrade sea-ice conditions in the Arctic, causing disruptions in the foraging ecology of animals. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) will likely continue to suffer declines in fitness if they are unable to supplement lost on-ice hunting opportunities with terrestrial resources. My thesis aimed to investigate whether polar bears accrue a net energetic gain from foraging on common eider (Somateria mollissima) eggs and whether the decisions they make when foraging on eggs are consistent with optimal foraging theory. Using aerial footage of bears foraging on common eider eggs, I estimated the energetic consequences of foraging on eggs, and examined polar bears’ foraging performance as the resource was depleted. My results indicate that polar bears consumed eggs at a decelerating rate. While the proportion of time spent searching in the colony increased as the season advanced, the energetic cost of searching remained constant throughout the season as a result of similar costs of expenditure across locomotion and feeding. Overall, while some bears gain an energetic surplus from egg foraging, the benefits decline with nest density, resulting in a net loss. Further, my results indicate that as the resource depleted, polar bears did not adjust all their foraging decisions to match resource density. Bears increased their visitation rates to nests that were ‘empty’, despite visiting fewer nests overall. Polar bears did not adjust their movement to nest density, but did become less selective in their choice of which clutches of eggs to consume. Lastly, bears that capitalized on the visual cue of a flushing eider hen to locate nests also significantly increased the number of clutches they consumed

Modeling Ni-Cd performance. Planned alterations to the Goddard battery model

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) currently has a preliminary computer model to simulate a Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd) performance. The basic methodology of the model was described in the paper entitled Fundamental Algorithms of the Goddard Battery Model. At present, the model is undergoing alterations to increase its efficiency, accuracy, and generality. A review of the present battery model is given, and the planned charges of the model are described