Proposed powered explicit guidance thrust integrals derivation/implementation. Mission planning, mission analysis and software formulation

A new exoatmospheric, powered explicit guidance (PEG) thrust integral formulation and a simple method of implementation are presented. The new thrust integral formulation is significantly simpler than that currently used in PEG. Preliminary estimates indicate a computer storage savings of 220 words, which is approximately 10 percent of the current PEG ascent program. Alternate methods of implementation that could produce even more savings are noted

Is United States (U.S.) Policy Sufficient To Develop Earth-Moon Economic Zone Infrastructures By 2049?

The nation first-to-develop infrastructures in the future Earth-Moon Economic Zone will set the standards that shape and govern use by others, increasing both economic and national power. Current U.S. economic and national power is built upon a legacy of infrastructure leadership on Earth and in Earth orbit. However, China has a goal to supplant U.S. infrastructure leadership on Earth and establish leadership before the U.S. in the Earth-Moon Economic Zone by 2049. While the U.S. acknowledges China’s terrestrial infrastructure goals as an economic challenge, China’s space infrastructure goals appear to be met as either a military challenge in Earth orbit, or a prestige challenge to land a human on the Moon. Despite China incorporating infrastructure goals into their 2017 constitution, there has been no scholarly review of U.S. policy to develop infrastructures in this zone before 2049. The purpose of this study is to explore the sufficiency of U.S. policy to develop Earth-Moon Economic Zone infrastructures by 2049. The target audience is the U.S. National Security, National Space, and National Economic Councils, U.S. Congress, U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), U.S. Industry, and think tanks. This study was limited to the Earth-Moon Economic Zone from Earth orbit to the surface of the Moon, and both Trump and Biden U.S. national security, national space and select NASA budget documents since 2017. A qualitative analysis was used to review U.S. policy with an initial researcher-led document analysis followed by expert interviews for corroboration and supplemental information such as new policy. If any changes or new policies were identified, then U.S. policy reviewed was deemed not sufficient. The interview analysis corroborated five recommended changes and identified three new policies, so current U.S. policy was deemed not sufficient. While recommendations were not analyzed, the Researcher opines four as critical; adding a more unified infrastructure competition strategy across all infrastructure domains, including sustained operational dates for specific infrastructures in both policy and budgets, creating a national economic strategy for U.S. Earth-Moon Zone investment, and development of a whole-of-nation industrialization plan for Earth-Moon Zone infrastructure development

Paso Robles Police Department Shooting Range Shade Structure

The Paso Robles Police Department uses a private shooting range about 15 minutes from their station and nearby the Paso Regional Airfield. This range is used for training and certifications and the California Highway Patrol and other local law enforcement organizations have access to do the same. The Paso Police department received a grant from the state to make improvements to the range and they have decided to allow Cal Poly students to use much of the grant to complete senior projects at the range. With the climate in Paso Robles being quite hot, with summer temperatures frequently in the ninety-degree range and even reaching the hundreds, a shade structure became a priority for the Department. While construction of the project was a major undertaking, design and planning were very significant parts of the project. With the strong winds that can occur in Paso Robles, it was important to ensure the structure would hold up to the loads that it would experience. Additionally, with long material lead times, it was important to finalize the design early so that the proper materials could be ordered to complete the project safely and efficiently

The acute effects of dynamic and ballistic stretching on vertical jump height, force, and power.

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between 2 sets of ballistic stretching and 2 sets of a dynamic stretching routine on vertical jump performance. The intraclass reliability coefficients for maximum jump height, force, and power were also assessed using the Kistler Quattro Jump® force plate. METHODS: Ten healthy male college students, ages 22 to 34 years, volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects completed three individual testing sessions on three non-consecutive days. On each day the subjects completed one of three treatments (no stretch, ballistic stretch, and dynamic stretch). A paired samples t-test was used to test the effects of ballistic and dynamic stretching, respectively, on jumping height, force, and power performance scores. Hoyt\u27s analysis of variance model, (MSs-MSi)/MSs, was used to estimate the reliability coefficients of jumping performance scores across three different trials. RESULTS: A paired samples t-test documented that there were no statistical differences in jumping height, force, or power between no stretch and ballistic stretch, and between no stretch and dynamic stretch. The intraclass reliability coefficients were \u3e.99 for jumping height, \u3e0.94 for jumping force, and \u3e.99 for jumping power. CONCLUSION: Both ballistic and dynamic stretching showed nonsignificant effects on vertical jumping performance in college male students, but the reliability coefficients were very high to measure jumping height, force, and power using the Kistler Quattro Jump® force plate

Thermal control paints on LDEF: Results of M0003 sub-experiment 18

Several thermal control paints were flown on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), including the white paints Chemglaze A276, S13GLO, and YB-71, and the black paint D-111. The effects of low earth orbit, which includes those induced by UV radiation and atomic oxygen, varied significantly with each paint and its location on LDEF. For example, samples of Chemglaze A276 located on the trailing edge of LDEF darkened significantly due to UV-induced degradation of the paint's binder, while leading edge samples remained white but exhibited severe atomic oxygen erosion of the binder. Although the response of S13GLO to low earth orbit is much more complicated, it also exhibited greater darkening on trailing edge samples as compared to leading edge samples. In contrast, YB-71 and D-111 remained relatively stable and showed minimal degradation. The performance of these paints as determined by changes in their optical and physical properties, including solar absorptance as well as surface chemical changes and changes in surface morphology is examined. It will also provide a correlation of these optical and physical property changes to the physical phenomena that occurred in these materials during the LDEF mission

Navigating White Spaces: A Phenomenological Study Of Black Women’s Involvement Experiences In Predominantly White Student Organizations

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the experiences of Black women students involved in predominantly White student organizations. Student organizations provide opportunities for college students to connect to their campuses outside of the classroom. A majority of the research that exists on Black women within student affairs practices has focused on their experiences as undergraduate students at predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). While these studies have provided context and insights regarding the experiences of Black women students at PWIs in general, they did not speak specifically to the nuanced experience of organizational and power structures within settings like predominantly White student organizations. This study addressed this gap in the literature by describing the lived experiences of Black undergraduate women who were involved in predominantly White student organizations. The findings illuminate five major themes that articulate the experiences of Black women: exclusion, fake inclusion, racialized experiences, the “double minority” experience, and be stronger work harder.The theoretical framework for this study was Black Feminist Thought (BFT). Through the lens of BFT, this study provided context to the oppressive nature of predominantly White student organizations. The four domains of BFT were juxtaposed among the five major themes of this study in order to conceptualize the nature of oppression that Black collegiate women encounter in predominantly White student organizations. This study highlighted the ways in which Black women experienced predominantly White student organizations and the forms of resistance that they employed throughout their involvement in predominantly White student organizations. The findings of this study also revealed Black women’s encounters with gendered racism in predominantly White student organizations. Finally, this qualitative study shared the impact of the findings on the current body of research related to Black women and how the findings from this study can inform the practices of student affairs professionals who work with predominantly White student organizations