Comparative study between Conventional Adenoid Curettage and Endoscopic Assisted Adenoid Curettage

Adenoidectomy is a common procedure done for various causes like chronic adenoiditis or chronic adenotonsillitis or adenoid hypertrophy with middle ear and sinus disorders. Clinical features includes rhinorrhea, chronic mouth breathing, excessive snoring, apneic episodes, enuresis, daytime somnolence, neurocognitive and learning problems. Adenoidectomy provides a symptomatic recovery with improvement in the quality of life and health status of the patients. In this study we discussed on COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL ADENOID CURETTAGE AND ENDOSCOPIC ASSISTED ADENOID CURETTAGE. The results we obtained suggested that the endoscopic assisted adenoid curettage is comparatively better in the post operative tissue remnant, Eustachian tube injury, symptomatic relief

Fractional difference inequalities of Gronwall-Bellman type

Discrete inequalities, in particular the discrete analogues of the Gronwall–Bellman inequality, have been extensively used in the analysis of nite difference equations. The aim of the present paper is to establish some fractional difference inequalities of Gronwall–Bellman type which provide explicit bounds for the solutions of fractional difference equations

Short-route synthesis of (3E,5Z)-tetradecadienoic acid (megatomic acid), the sex attractant of the black carpet beetle

A new and expeditious route to (3E,5Z)-3,5-tetradecadienoic acid (megatomic acid), the sex attractant of the black carpet beetle Attagenus megatoma (Fabricius), is reported which proceeds with 97% stereoselectivity; Cadiot-Chodkiewicz cross-coupling of 1-decyne and 4-bromo-3-butyn-1-ol in the presence of CuCl, followed by stereoselective reductions and Jones oxidation, gives the target molecule, with the synthetic pheromone showing a positive electrophysiological response

Effect of silymarin on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

Aim: To study the effect of silymarin on the levels of tumor markers and MDA (malondialdehyde) – DNA adduct formation during N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar albino rats. Methods: The levels of AFP, CEA and activities of liver marker enzymes in serum, MDA-DNA immunohistochemistry were done according to standard procedures in the control and experimental groups of rats. Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma was evidenced from significant (p < 0.05) increases of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and 5?-nucleotidase in serum and increased MDA-DNA adducts were also observed in the tissue sections of hepatocellular carcinoma. Silymarin treatment significantly attenuated the alteration of these markers and decreased the levels of MDA-DNA adduct formation. Conclusion: Silymarin could be developed as a promising chemotherapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of liver cancer.Цель: изучить влияние силимарина на уровень экспрессии опухолевых и биохимических маркеров и формирование аддуктов малонового диальдегида с ДНК (MDA-DNA) при развитии гепатокариномы у крыс линии истар. Методы: стандартными биохимическими методами определяли активность ферментов в сыворотке крови и проводили иммуногистохимическое определение MDA-DNA в ткани печени крыс. Результаты: показано, что при развитии злокачественной гепатокарциномы в сыворотке крови животных значительно увеличивается количество альфа-фетопротеина, раковоэмбрионального антигена, активность аспартат- и аланинаминотрансферазы, щелочной и кислой фосфатазы, лактатдегидрогеназы, гаммаглутамилтрансферазы и 5-нуклеотидазы. При проведении иммуногистохимического исследования отмечали повышенное образование аддуктов MDA-DNA в ткани печени крыс со злокачественной гепатокариномой. При введении силимарина значительно снижался уровень указанных ферментов в сыворотке крови и формирование аддуктов MDA-DNA в ткани печени. Заключение: применение силимарина может быть эффективно для предупреждения развития злокачественной гепатокарциномы, индуцированной N-нитрозодиэтиламином у крыс, и этот препарат может быть многообещающим химиотерапевтическим адъювантом для лечения рака печени

AN EVALUATION ON PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PAEDIATRIC INPATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: Our objective of the study was to evaluate the prescribing patterns of drugs with cost analysis in pediatric inpatients at tertiary care hospital. Methods: It is an observational prospective study carried out in pediatric inpatients with a sample of 180 patients based on age, inclusion, and exclusion criteria for period of 3 months. The patient’s data were collected using patient case record form and analysis of the data was done. Results: Of 180 patients data were collected, the results show that majority of gender admitted in the hospital were male children 94 (52%) and many are from age group of early childhood (2–5 years) 67 (37%). Respiratory tract infections are diagnosis most commonly analyzed and off overall 236 prescribed antibiotics cephalosporins 86 (43%) and combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 25 (71%) is the class of antibiotics prescribed higher than other class of drugs. Parental 173 (73%) route of administration was observed to be followed more than other route. The percentage of cost variation of antibiotics observed in the study reveals that the huge variations were seen in the cost of medication in maximum and minimum cost. Conclusion: The present study reveals that the prescribed antibiotics were as per the diagnosis of the patient and not by proceeding proper culture sensitivity testing. Hence, awareness about antibiotic must be created among practicing physicians to increase the therapeutic compliance of the patient

An Eulerian–Eulerian formulation for erosion modelling: an alternate approach.

Sand is commonly produced besides petroleum fluids and it presents a major erosional hazard leading to pipe failures. Particle erosion is a complex process in which material is removed due to the repeated particle impacts. Conventionally, a CFD flow solver and computationally intensive lagrangian particle tracking sub–routines, known as Eulerian–Lagrangian (E–L) model, along with empirical erosion equations are used to predict the erosion rates. The present work introduces an Eulerian–Eulerian (E–E) approach in which the multiphase granular model resolves the solid phase and obviates the need of particles tracking. Particle–laden turbulent flow across a flow restrictor, based on an experimental study, is chosen for validation. Numerical experiments are done in Simcenter STAR–CCM+. Comparison with the experimental data demonstrate a good agreement and in particular, the E–E model yields reliable predictions of impact wear locations, erosion rates as those of E–L model. A 90° square bend is also simulated and comparison of erosion rates on the concave wall demonstrate that E–E model can be used as an alternate to computationally expensive approaches

Chlamydomonas DYX1C1/PF23 is essential for axonemal assembly and proper morphology of inner dynein arms

Cytoplasmic assembly of ciliary dyneins, a process known as preassembly, requires numerous non-dynein proteins, but the identities and functions of these proteins are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that the classical Chlamydomonas motility mutant pf23 is defective in the Chlamydomonas homolog of DYX1C1. The pf23 mutant has a 494 bp deletion in the DYX1C1 gene and expresses a shorter DYX1C1 protein in the cytoplasm. Structural analyses, using cryo-ET, reveal that pf23 axonemes lack most of the inner dynein arms. Spectral counting confirms that DYX1C1 is essential for the assembly of the majority of ciliary inner dynein arms (IDA) as well as a fraction of the outer dynein arms (ODA). A C-terminal truncation of DYX1C1 shows a reduction in a subset of these ciliary IDAs. Sucrose gradients of cytoplasmic extracts show that preassembled ciliary dyneins are reduced compared to wild-type, which suggests an important role in dynein complex stability. The role of PF23/DYX1C1 remains unknown, but we suggest that DYX1C1 could provide a scaffold for macromolecular assembly