411 research outputs found
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in severe mental illness: A timely diagnosis to advance the process of quitting smoking
This study receives founding by the Spanish Ministry of Economy,
Industry, and Competitiveness, Instituto Carlos III (FIS PI16/00802).The authors would like to thank M. Osuna, M. Ayora,
J. Caballero, P. Zurita, N. Novoa, J. Álvarez, J. Fernández, J. Redondo,
M.S. López, I. Caro, F. Valdivia, C. Sádaba, R. Luque, and L. Padilla for their
assistance. We also thank the altruistic and generous participation of all the
patients in that project.Background. This study has two main objectives: to describe the prevalence of undetected
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a clinical sample of smokers with severe
mental illness (SMI), and to assess the value of the Tobacco Intensive Motivational Estimated
Risk tool, which informs smokers of their respiratory risk and uses brief text messages to
reinforce intervention.
Method. A multicenter, randomized, open-label, and active-controlled clinical trial, with a
12-month follow-up. Outpatients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder were randomized
either to the experimental group—studied by spirometry and informed of their calculated
lung age and degree of obstruction (if any)—or to the active control group, who followed the
5 A’s intervention.
Results. The study sample consisted of 160 patients (71.9% SZ), 78.1% of whom completed the
12-month follow-up. Of the patients who completed the spirometry test, 23.9% showed evidence
of COPD (77.8% in moderate or severe stages). TIMER was associated with a significant
reduction in tobacco use at week 12 and in the long term, 21.9% of patients reduced consumption
and 14.6% at least halved it. At week 48, six patients (7.3%) allocated to the experimental group
achieved the seven-day smoking abstinence confirmed by CO (primary outcome in terms of
efficacy), compared to three (3.8%) in the control group.
Conclusion. In this clinical pilot trial, one in four outpatients with an SMI who smoked had
undiagnosed COPD. An intensive intervention tool favors the early detection of COPD and
maintains its efficacy to quit smoking, compared with the standard 5 A’s intervention.Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, Instituto Carlos III
FIS PI16/0080
Soliton solutions in an effective action for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory: including effects of higher-derivative term
The Skyrme-Faddeev-Niemi (SFN) model which is an O(3) model in three
dimensional space upto fourth-order in the first derivative is regarded as a
low-energy effective theory of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. One can show from the
Wilsonian renormalization group argument that the effective action of
Yang-Mills theory recovers the SFN in the infrared region. However, the thoery
contains an additional fourth-order term which destabilizes the soliton
solution. In this paper, we derive the second derivative term perturbatively
and show that the SFN model with the second derivative term possesses soliton
solutions.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
SYN -1,4-addition of carboxylate salts to cyclic allylic epoxides mediated by cuprous chloride
A mild method for the 1,4- opening of certain cyclic allylic epoxides has been found, using sodium carboxylates in the presence of cuprous chloride.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25416/1/0000865.pd
Gravity as Backreaction
Quadratic theory of gravity is a complicated constraint system. We
investigate some consequences of treating quadratic terms perturbatively
(higher derivative version of backreaction effects). This approach is shown to
overcome some well known problems associated with higher derivative theories,
i.e., the physical gravitational degree of freedom remains unchanged from those
of Einstein gravity.
Using such an interpretation of gravity, we investigate a
classical and Wheeler DeWitt evolution of gravity for a
particular sign of , corresponding to non- tachyon case. Matter is
described by a phenomenological . It is concluded that
both the Friedmann potential () and the
Wheeler DeWitt potential () develop repulsive barriers near for
(i.e., ). The interpretations is clear. Repulsive
barrier in implies that a contracting FRW universe ()
will bounce to an expansion phase without a total gravitational collapse.
Repulsive barrier in means that is a classically forbidden
region. Therefore, probability of finding a universe with the big bang
singularity ( ) is exponentially suppressed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phy. Rev. D.,18 pages, 6 figures, Latex
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Tracking Turbulent Coherent Structures by Means of Neural Networks
[EN] The behaviours of individual flow structures have become a relevant matter of study in turbulent flows as the computational power to allow their study feasible has become available. Especially, high instantaneous Reynolds Stress events have been found to dominate the behaviour of the logarithmic layer. In this work, we present a viability study where two machine learning solutions are proposed to reduce the computational cost of tracking such structures in large domains. The first one is a Multi-Layer Perceptron. The second one uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Both of the methods are developed with the objective of taking the the structures' geometrical features as inputs from which to predict the structures' geometrical features in future time steps. Some of the tested Multi-Layer Perceptron architectures proved to perform better and achieve higher accuracy than the LSTM architectures tested, providing lower errors on the predictions and achieving higher accuracy in relating the structures in the consecutive time steps.This work was supported by RTI2018-102256-B-I00 of MINECO/FEDER. The computations of the new simulations were made possible by a generous grant of computing time from the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, reference AECT-2020-2-0005.Aguilar-Fuertes, JJ.; Noguero-Rodríguez, F.; Jaen Ruiz, JC.; García-Raffi, LM.; Hoyas, S. (2021). Tracking Turbulent Coherent Structures by Means of Neural Networks. Energies. 14(4):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1404098411514
Long-term trends of midlatitude horizontal mesosphere/lower thermosphere winds over four decades
We analyse 43 years of mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) horizontal winds obtained from a joint analysis of low frequency (LF) spaced receiver lower ionospheric drift measurements from late 1978 through 2008 and VHF meteor radar wind observations since summer 2004 at Collm (51.3∘ N, 13.0∘ E). Due to limitations of the earlier LF measurements, we restrict ourselves to the analysis of monthly mean winds near 90 km, which represents the meteor peak height as well as mean LF reflection heights in the MLT. We observe mainly positive trends of the zonal prevailing wind throughout the year, while the meridional winds tend to decrease in magnitude in both summer and winter. Furthermore, there is a change in long-term trends around the late 1990s, which is most clearly visible in summer MLT winds. We compare these measurements with long-term partial reflection radar observations of winds at 81–85 km over Juliusruh (54.6∘ N, 13.4∘ E) since 1990, and find general qualitative agreement of trends except for summer. The latter can be explained by the different altitudes considered, and by the latitude dependence of the summer mesospheric jet.</p
Hamiltonian formulation for the classical EM radiation-reaction problem: application to the kinetic theory for relativistic collisionless plasmas
A notorious difficulty in the covariant dynamics of classical charged
particles subject to non-local electromagnetic (EM) interactions arising in the
EM radiation-reaction (RR) phenomena is due to the definition of the related
non-local Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems. The lack of a standard
Lagrangian/Hamiltonian formulation in the customary asymptotic approximation
for the RR equation may inhibit the construction of consistent kinetic and
fluid theories. In this paper the issue is investigated in the framework of
Special Relativity. It is shown that, for finite-size spherically-symmetric
classical charged particles, non-perturbative Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
formulations in standard form can be obtained, which describe particle dynamics
in the presence of the exact EM RR self-force. As a remarkable consequence,
based on axiomatic formulation of classical statistical mechanics, the
covariant kinetic theory for systems of charged particles subject to the EM RR
self-force is formulated in Hamiltonian form. A fundamental feature is that the
non-local effects enter the kinetic equation only through the retarded particle
4-position, which permits the construction of the related non-local fluid
equations. In particular, the moment equations obtained in this way do not
contain higher-order moments, allowing as a consequence the adoption of
standard closure conditions. A remarkable aspect of the theory concerns the
short delay-time asymptotic expansions. Here it is shown that two possible
expansions are permitted. Both can be implemented for the single-particle
dynamics as well as for the corresponding kinetic and fluid treatments. In the
last case, they are performed a posteriori on the relevant moment equations
obtained after integration of the kinetic equation over the velocity space.
Comparisons with literature are pointed out
Quality indicators in radiation oncology: proposal of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR) for a continuous improvement of the quality of care in oncology.
Purpose
Current cancer treatment options include surgical intervention, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The quality of the provision of each of them and their effective coordination determines the results in terms of benefit/risk. Regarding the radiation oncology treatments, there are not stabilised quality indicators to be used to perform control and continuous improvement processes for healthcare services. Therefore, the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology has undertaken a comprehensive project to establish quality indicators for use with the information systems available in most Spanish healthcare services.
Methods
A two-round Delphi study examines consensus of several possible quality indicators (n = 28) in daily practice. These indicators were defined after a bibliographic search and the assessment by radiation oncology specialists (n = 8). They included aspects regarding treatment equipment, patient preparation, treatment, and follow-up processes and were divided in structure, process, and outcome indicators.
Results
After the evaluation of the defined quality indicators (n = 28) by an expert panel (38 radiation oncologist), 26 indicators achieved consensus in terms of agreement with the statement. Two quality indicators did not achieve consensus.
Conclusions
There is a high degree of consensus in Spanish Radiation Oncology specialists on which indicators in routine clinical practice can best measure quality. These indicators can be used to classify services based on several parameters (patients, equipments, complexity of the techniques used, and scientific research). Furthermore, these indicators allow assess our current situation and set improvements’ objectives.pre-print241 K
In-situ high-temperature EXAFS measurements on radioactive and air-sensitive molten salt materials
The development at the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft, The Netherlands) of an experimental set-up dedicated to high-temperature in situ EXAFS measurements of radioactive, air-sensitive and corrosive fluoride salts is reported. A detailed description of the sample containment cell, of the furnace design, and of the measurement geometry allowing simultaneous transmission and fluorescence measurements is given herein. The performance of the equipment is tested with the room-temperature measurement of thorium tetrafluoride, and the Th—F and Th—Th bond distances obtained by fitting of the EXAFS data are compared with the ones extracted from a refinement of neutron diffraction data collected at the PEARL beamline at TU Delft. The adequacy of the sample confinement is checked with a mapping of the thorium concentration profile of molten salt material. Finally, a few selected salt mixtures (LiF:ThF4) = (0.9:0.1), (0.75:0.25), (0.5:0.5) and (NaF:ThF4) = (0.67:0.33), (0.5:0.5) are measured in the molten state. Qualitative trends along the series are discussed, and the experimental data for the (LiF:ThF4) = (0.5:0.5) composition are compared with the EXAFS spectrum generated from molecular dynamics simulations
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