Can “What Ifs” Improve the Average Tourist’s Sustainable Behaviors? The Utility of Counterfactual Thinking in Tourism

Having surpassed one billion international tourists in 2012 (UNWTO 2013), tourism is not only one of the biggest industries in the world, but also a significant source of pressure on natural resources. In popular destinations, this pressure might be more visible. For example, roughly 50 % of visitors to Florida stay in hotels, causing them to be a large source o

Sport Management and Marketing: Overview and Recommendation for Future Research. [Gestión y marketing deportivo: Revisión y recomendación para investigaciones futuras].

The sport industry is a large and fast growing industry. The U.S. market only counted for as much as $400-435 billion in 2012 (Plunkett’s Sport Industry Almanac). The conventional definition of the industry includes “the products offered to its buyers are sport, fitness, recreation, or leisure-related and may be activities, goods, services, people, places, or ideas” (Pitts & Stotlar, 1996, p.3). However, today’s sport market is extending its border by engulfing the entertainment industry and becoming a global cultural phenomenon (Gillentine, 2012).Reflecting the industry’s growth, the academic field of sport management is now in strong demand to educate professionals in the sport industry. Specifically, the special task force of the U.S. National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) and North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM) defined sport management as “the field of study offering the specialization training and education necessary for individuals seeking careers in any of the many segments of the industry.” Since the Journal of Sport Management was first published in 1987, 15 scholarly journals emerged to accommodate the demand for effective communication specifically targeted toward sport management and marketing. At the same time, the growing market size of the sport industry as a cultural phenomenon received scholarly attention from other disciplines such as management, marketing and economics (Gillentine, 2012).</p

Value of Professional Sport Teams in the Community: Reexamining the Measurement Properties of the Community Impact Scale

The Community Impact Scale was developed by Zhang et al. (1996) to measure essential value dimensions of professional sports in the community. The original scale includes 45 items under eight factors (Community Solidarity, Public Behavior, Social Equity, Pastime Ecstasy, Health Awareness, Individual Quality, Excellence Pursuit, and Business Opportunity). To further ensure its usefulness for theoretical and practical applications, this study re-examined measurement properties of the scale through conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Research participants (N = 349) were residents of three major metropolitan areas, who responded to a survey in various community settings. With some modifications and eliminations of items, the CFA revealed that the eight-factor model with 32 items provided a good fit to the data (e.g., RMSEA = .060; SRMR = .053; CFI =.910). The resolved scale also displayed good convergent and discriminant validity, as well as internal consistency. Discussions are made with respect to the merits of the scale and its research applications in addressing social, political, marketing, and financing issues of professional sport teams

La globalización de las artes marciales: el cambio de reglas para los nuevos mercados

El rápido crecimiento de la industria de las artes marciales justifica el profundizar en el conocimiento sobre su proceso de globalización. Hasta la fecha, existe muy poco conocimiento sobre las artes marciales como productos de consumo global y su proceso de difusión. En este artículo, los autores abordan la expansión e integración global de las artes marciales asiáticas. Se examinan en detalle factores como la deportivización y la estandarización, como fuerzas que motivan significativamente  el crecimiento de la industria de las artes marciales. También se examinan algunos temas importantes, tales como el entorno político, la cultura, y las estrategias de mercado, en términos de su influencia sobre el desarrollo y el futuro crecimiento de la industria de las artes marciales. Este estudio concluye con una discusión sobre los retos que se presentan y las futuras oportunidades de desarrollo

Adaptive Transmission with Partial Channel Information in Spatially Correlated MIMO Channels

We propose a new adaptive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) transmission scheme that can work with partial channel information. Utilizing the information on dominant eigendimensions of the channel correlation matrix, the proposed scheme reduces the amount of channel information required for adaptive transmission without noticeable performance degradation. It is analytically shown that the proposed scheme can minimize the performance loss by properly choosing the number of eigen-dimensions of the channel correlation matrix. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is quite applicable to practical systems where quantized channel information is utilized

Coherent opportunistic beamforming in multi-user wireless systems

In this paper, we propose a beamforming scheme that exploits the advantages of opportunistic beamforming and coherent beamforming in multi-user environment. It is analytically shown that the proposed scheme achieves multiuser diversity gain and beamforming gain simultaneously, providing much better performance over the conventional ones. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed using an upper bound method. Although the proposed scheme involves an additional feedback delay, the analytical result implies that the use of the proposed scheme is quite effective unless the user mobility is too high. Finally, the analytic results are verified by computer simulation.Ministry of Information & Communications, Kore