Crystal structure of [1-(3-chlorophenyl)- 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl](p-tolyl) methanone

RK acknowledges the Department of Science & Technology for the single-crystal X-ray diffractometer sanctioned as a National Facility under Project No. SR/S2/CMP-47/2003.Peer reviewe

Using system dynamics modelling to assess the economic efficiency of innovations in the public sector - a systematic review

Background Decision-makers for public policy are increasingly utilising systems approaches such as system dynamics (SD) modelling, which test alternative interventions or policies for their potential impact while accounting for complexity. These approaches, however, have not consistently included an economic efficiency analysis dimension. This systematic review aims to examine how, and in what ways, system dynamics modelling approaches incorporate economic efficiency analyses to inform decision-making on innovations (improvements in products, services, or processes) in the public sector, with a particular interest in health. Methods and findings Relevant studies (n = 29) were identified through a systematic search and screening of four electronic databases and backward citation search, and analysed for key characteristics and themes related to the analytical methods applied. Economic efficiency analysis approaches within SD broadly fell into two categories: as embedded sub-models or as cost calculations based on the outputs of the SD model. Embdedded sub-models within a dynamic SD framework can reveal a clear allocation of costs and benefits to periods of time, whereas cost calculations based on the SD model outputs can be useful for high-level resource allocation decisions. Conclusions This systematic review reveals that SD modelling is not currently used to its full potential to evaluate the technical or allocative efficiency of public sector innovations, particularly in health. The limited reporting on the experience or methodological challenges of applying allocated efficiency analyses with SD, particularly with dynamic embedded models, hampers common learning lessons to draw from and build on. Further application and comprehensive reporting of this approach would be welcome to develop the methodology further

Syntheses, spectral characterization and antidiabetic activities of oxidovanadium(V) complexes with bi-and tridentate ligands

254-262Four new oxidovanadium(V) complexes [VO(L1)(Mol)] (1), [VO(L2)(Mol)] (2), [VO(L3)(Mol)] (3) and [VO(L4)(Mol)] (4)(where L1-L4 = aroylhydrazones and Mol = maltol) have been synthesized with different ligands. The complexes havebeen characterized using microanalysis, spectral fab mass, UV-visible, electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and differentialpulse voltammetry), density functional theory calculations have been performed to predict the optimized geometry, globalreactivity parameters and electron density. In these complexes, the d-d absorption band is not observed as being d0 vanadiumcentres in these complexes. The electrochemical behaviour of these complexes are explored by cyclic voltammetry anddifferential pulse voltammetry (DPV). All complexes exhibit one electron transfer i.e., reduction of vanadium(V) tovanadium(IV). These complexes are screened for in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition study. Complex 3 has aninteresting insulin-like activity

A phase II study of mitomycin C, cisplatin and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (MCF) in the treatment of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site

Carcinoma of unknown primary site remains a common clinical diagnosis, accounting for between 5 and 10% of all cancer patients. Numerous combination chemotherapy regimens have been used in the management of carcinoma of unknown primary site, resulting in response rates of 0–48%. We present the results of a single centre phase II study of the use of the combination of mitomycin C (7 mg m−2 on day 1 of cycles 1, 3 and 5) cisplatin (60 mg m−2 on day 1) and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (300 mg m−2 daily), MCF, delivered as a 21-day cycle, in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site. Thirty-one patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma of unknown primary site were treated in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary between 1997 and 2001 with MCF. In total, 136 cycles of MCF were delivered (median of 5 cycles per patient). Toxicity was acceptable, with 19% grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 16% grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia and 13% grade 3 or 4 nausea and vomiting. No cases of neutropenic sepsis were seen and there were no treatment-related deaths, however, six patients developed thrombotic complications. The overall response rate was 27% (CR 3%; PR 23%). Median time to progression was 3.4 months (95% CI 1.1–5.6 months) and median overall survival was 7.7 months (95% CI 5.7–9.8 months). Survival at 1 year was 28%, and at 2 years, 10%. MCF is a tolerable regimen with comparable toxicity, response rates and survival data to most platinum-based combination chemotherapy regimens in use for this devastating disease

Diagnostic guidelines for the histological particle algorithm in the periprosthetic neo-synovial tissue

Background The identification of implant wear particles and non-implant related particles and the characterization of the inflammatory responses in the periprosthetic neo-synovial membrane, bone, and the synovial-like interface membrane (SLIM) play an important role for the evaluation of clinical outcome, correlation with radiological and implant retrieval studies, and understanding of the biological pathways contributing to implant failures in joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive histological particle algorithm (HPA) as a practical guide to particle identification at routine light microscopy examination. Methods The cases used for particle analysis were selected retrospectively from the archives of two institutions and were representative of the implant wear and non-implant related particle spectrum. All particle categories were described according to their size, shape, colour and properties observed at light microscopy, under polarized light, and after histochemical stains when necessary. A unified range of particle size, defined as a measure of length only, is proposed for the wear particles with five classes for polyethylene (PE) particles and four classes for conventional and corrosion metallic particles and ceramic particles. Results All implant wear and non-implant related particles were described and illustrated in detail by category. A particle scoring system for the periprosthetic tissue/SLIM is proposed as follows: 1) Wear particle identification at light microscopy with a two-step analysis at low (× 25, × 40, and × 100) and high magnification (× 200 and × 400); 2) Identification of the predominant wear particle type with size determination; 3) The presence of non-implant related endogenous and/or foreign particles. A guide for a comprehensive pathology report is also provided with sections for macroscopic and microscopic description, and diagnosis. Conclusions The HPA should be considered a standard for the histological analysis of periprosthetic neo-synovial membrane, bone, and SLIM. It provides a basic, standardized tool for the identification of implant wear and non-implant related particles at routine light microscopy examination and aims at reducing intra-observer and inter-observer variability to provide a common platform for multicentric implant retrieval/radiological/histological studies and valuable data for the risk assessment of implant performance for regional and national implant registries and government agencies

Impact of discharge of soda ash industry effluent on abundance and community structure of rocky intertidal macroalgae of the Arabian Sea, Gujarat, India

71-75Impact of soda ash industry effluent on macroalgal distribution, abundance, species composition, diversity and standing stock was studied, in situ, on tropical seaweeds of Arabian Sea, Gujarat. Comparatively, less number of species and different pattern of macroalgal assemblages were recorded at the discharge point, while transects distance from discharge point showed more number of species, luxuriant growth and well developed macroalgae. Factors responsible for structuring macroalgal communities were distance from the effluent discharge point, degree of tidal flushing and tolerance capacity of the macroalgae to the effluent. Caulerpa sertulariodes and Champia somalensis were most resistant and had a preference for soda ash industry effluent as they were recorded only near the effluent discharge point. Codium dwarkense and Dictyota bartayresiana also had similar characteristics as they were recorded only 1 km away from the effluent discharge point. Caulerpa racemosa, Chamaedoris auriculata, Valoniopsis pachynem and Stoechosperumum marginatum were most sensitive as they were recorded only from the control site. Ulva lactuca, Caulerpa taxifolia, Gracilaria corticata and Laurencia cruciata were recorded from all sampling sites indicating their adaptability to varying degrees of pollution

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Metal content of seaweeds in the vicinity of acid mine drainage in Amlwch, North Wales, U.K.</span>

16-20Bioaccumulation ability of five species of seaweeds namely Enteromorpha intestinalis (Green) Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata (Brown) and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> Furcellaria lumbricalis (Red) have been studied in the vicinity of acid mine drainage affected area. The concentration of Cu, Al, Fe, Mn and Zn in these seaweeds was determined by Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). These metals were also estimated in the seawater to compute the concentration factors for the metals in studied seaweeds.  Bio-sequestering capacity of different seaweed to different metals and their suitability for bioremediation under the influence of acid mine drainage is discussed