6 research outputs found

    Quality of refrigerated raw milk obtained in production units in southwest Paraná

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    The quality of milk is one of the most widely discussed topics in the national dairy production scenario. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the qualitative parameters and provide information regarding the factors that can affect the quality of refrigerated raw milk obtained monthly in 40 production units in six municipalities in Paraná Southwest region. Data collection was carried out of the properties with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. Twelve parameters were considered inherent in dairy farming and that can influence the quality of the raw material, as follows: production stratum, production systems, milking, cooling, labor, and service, frequency of care, hygiene of cooler, the milking teat disinfection ceilings and structure of the milking environment. The milk samples were analyzed for their composition of: fat, protein, lactose and Dry Total Extract (DTE), the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and Count Standard on plates (CSP). The protein and SCC were not influenced by any of the parameters studied. The fat content is one of the milk components most likely to introduce variation in the ratio, which was influenced by the production stratum, type of labor, frequency of service, cooler cleaning and type of containment available on the property. The variables that showed higher values for fat and CSP are associated with properties with technological level and lower production. Nutritional aspects that promote increased production, as identified in the higher milk production systems result in lower percentage of milk fat. Facilities that have channeled milking and cooling by expansion provide better results for CSP. Practices such as the use of pre and post-dipping, cooler cleaning and milking machine with hot water and detergent significantly reduce the CSP.A qualidade do leite é um dos temas mais discutidos atualmente no cenário nacional de produção leiteira. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros qualitativos e disponibilizar informações referentes aos fatores que possam interferir na qualidade do leite cru refrigerado obtido mensalmente em 40 unidades produtoras de seis municípios na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Foi realizada a coleta de dados das propriedades com o auxílio de um questionário semiestruturado. Consideraram-se 12 parâmetros inerentes à atividade leiteira e que podem influenciar na qualidade da matéria-prima, conforme segue: estrato de produção, sistemas de produção, de ordenha, de resfriamento, mão de obra, assistência técnica, frequência da assistência, higienização do resfriador, da ordenha, dos tetos, desinfecção dos tetos e estrutura do ambiente de ordenha. As amostras de leite foram analisadas em relação a sua composição: gordura, proteína, lactose e Extrato Seco Total (EST), a Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e Contagem Padrão em Placas (CPP). A proteína e CCS não foram influenciadas por nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. O teor de gordura é um dos componentes do leite mais passiveis a apresentar variação na proporção, o qual foi influenciado pelo estrato de produção, tipo de mão de obra, frequência da assistência técnica, higienização do resfriador e tipo de contenção disponível na propriedade. As variáveis que apresentaram maiores valores para gordura e CPP estão associados a propriedades com nível tecnológico e produção inferiores. Aspectos nutricionais que promovem o aumento da produção, como identificado nos sistemas de maior produção de leite resultam em menor percentual de gordura do leite. Instalações que apresentam a ordenha canalizada e resfriamento por expansão proporcionam melhores resultados para CPP. Práticas como o uso de pré e pós-dipping, higienização do resfriador e ordenhadeira com água quente e detergente reduz significativamente a CPP

    Production of steers or bulls finished in feedlot at a young age or young steers

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    It was evaluated the productive performance and the yield of commercial cuts of the carcass of non-castrated or castrated slaughtered at a young age or young steers finished feedlot. The animals were fed a diet containing 11.2% crude protein and 3.07 Mcal of digestible energy / kg of dry matter, composed of 50% roughage and 50% concentrate. The initial age at the beginning of confinement of young steers and steers were 9 and 22 months, respectively. Greater PF was observed for non-castrated young animals (581.11 kg) in relation to young steers non-castrated, steers castrated and non-castrated (478.00, 455.22 and 437.29 kg, respectively). The ADG was 31% higher for the steers in relation to young steers. The DMI was 27% higher for steers on young steers and non-castrated consumed 9% more compared to the castrated. Most DMI per 100 kg of body weight was observed for the castrated steers (2.58 kg). The half-carcass weight difference between non-castrated and castrated animals was 43% for steers and 18% for young steers. Non-castrated showed higher forequarter percentage (8%). Higher percentage hacksaw cut was observed in castrated steers. Steers showed higher average daily gain weight, as well as non-castrated steers showed higher final weight. non-castrated animals have higher half cold carcass weights, front percentage and of edible portion of the front in relation to castrated.CAPESAvaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e o rendimento de cortes comercias da carcaça de novilhos não-castrados ou castrados abatidos em idade jovem ou superjovem terminados em confinamento. Os animais foram alimentados com dieta contendo 11,2% de proteína bruta e 3,07 Mcal de energia digestível/kg de matéria seca, composta de 50% de volumoso e 50% de concentrado. A idade inicial no inicio do confinamento dos animais superjovens e jovens foi de 9 e 22 meses, respectivamente. Maior PF foi observado para os animais jovens não castrados (581,11 kg) em relação aos superjovens não-castrados, jovens castrados e não castrados (478,00, 455,22 e 437,29 kg, respectivamente). O GMD foi 31% superior em favor dos novilhos jovens em relação aos superjovens. O CMS foi 27% superior para os novilhos jovens sobre os superjovens e os novilhos não-castrados consumiram 9% mais quando comparados aos castrados. Maior CMS por 100 kg de PV foi observado para os novilhos jovens castrados (2,58 kg). A diferença de peso da meia carcaça entre animais não-castrados e castrados foi de 43% para os jovens e de 18% para os superjovens. Novilhos não-castrados apresentaram maior percentual de dianteiro (8%). Maior percentual do corte serrote foi observado nos novilhos jovens castrados. Novilhos jovens apresentaram maior ganho de peso médio diário, bem como, novilhos jovens não-castrados apresentaram maior peso final. Animais não-castrados apresentam maiores pesos de meia carcaça fria, percentual de dianteiro e porção comestível do dianteiro em relação aos castrados

    Performance of Purunã beef calves subjected to different weaning systems

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    The study was developed at Fazenda Modelo an Experimental Station belonged to the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, in the city of Ponta Grossa, PR, from June to November 2011. The objective was to evaluate the performance of calves subjected to different weaning systems. 161 calves crossbred Purunã were divided into three groups: calves subjected to early weaning (DP), weaned at an average of 75 days old; calves subjected to controlled nursing system (AC) with 75 days of age, exposed to suck only once a day during the duration of the breeding season (85 days) and; the control group, calves submitted to the system of conventional weaning (DC), were kept together with cow, without interfering in breastfeeding until the end of the breeding season (85 days). Calves fed the DP had lower mean (P<0.05) average daily gain (0.56 kg) during the experimental group compared to the AC and DC (0.95 kg and 0.88 kg, respectively) which did not differ (P<0.05). Thus, the DP had calves at the end of the breeding season, 32.36 kg and 26.48 kg unless the AC group (167.44 kg) and DC (161.56 kg), respectively. The system controlled breastfeeding does not provid damage on the performance of calves at 150 days of age. Already early weaning at 75 days cause decrease of 19.6% in weight of calves at 150 days of age compared to suckler calves

    Respostas de pastagens do gênero Cynodon consorciadas com amendoim forrageiro no Sudoeste do Paraná

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    The objective of this study was to evaluate the development, the botanical and structural components of Coastcross-1 and Tifton 85 pastures mixed with increasing inclusion of forage peanut (0, 25, 50, 75% occupancy area), submitted to cuts, from August 2011 (planting of pastures) to April 2013 (last period of cut), totaling two years of study. The experimental design was factorial (three factors) distributed in randomized blocks, the factors were cultivars (two), the opportunities area for planting of forage peanut (four) and seasons that showed cuts, with three replications. It was evaluated the forage mass, dry matter accumulation rate, leaf:stem ratio, dead material, other species and forage peanut mass. The percentages of different implanted area with forage peanut did not affect the production parameters of pasture and structural composition of cultivars. The use of 75% of the area planted with forage peanut promoted share of close to 30% of the total mass of legumes. The leaf:stem ratio was higher for cv. Tifton 85 in daily average temperatures milder, in this situation, both cultivars decreased the forage rate accumulation. The increasing percentage of implanted area with forage peanut increased participation of legumes, decreasing the presence of dead material in the pasture, in the second year of evaluation.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento, os componentes estruturais e botânicos de pastagens de Coastcross-1 e Tifton 85 consorciadas com amendoim forrageiro (0, 25, 50 e 75% da área implantada), submetidas a cortes, entre agosto de 2011 (plantio das pastagens) e abril de 2013 (último período de corte), totalizando dois anos de estudo. O delineamento experimental foi fatorial (três fatores), distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, os fatores foram os cultivares (dois), a oportunização de área para o amendoim forrageiro no plantio das pastagens (quatro) e as estações de corte. Avaliou-se a massa de forragem, a taxa de acúmulo de massa seca, a relação folha:colmo, o material morto, outras espécies e a massa de amendoim forrageiro. Os distintos porcentuais de área implantada com amendoim forrageiro não afetaram os parâmetros produtivos da pastagem e da composição estrutural das cultivares. A utilização de 75% da área de plantio com amendoim forrageiro promoveu participação próxima a 30% de leguminosa na massa de forragem total. A relação folha:colmo foi superior para o cv. Tifton 85 em temperaturas médias diárias mais amenas. Nessa condição, ambos os cultivares diminuíram a taxa de acúmulo de forragem. O percentual crescente de área implantada com amendoim forrageiro aumentou a participação da leguminosa, diminuindo a presença de material morto nas pastagens, no segundo ano de avaliação

    Influence of subcutaneous fat thickness on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of beef cattle

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    <div><p>ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to examine the effect of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) on carcass characteristics and meat quality in 24-month-old British and crossbred British steers finished in feedlot systems. It was assessed using meta-analysis performed on data that was extracted from 46 published studies and comprising a total of 2,695 experimental units. We found that SFT was influenced by and increased linearly with hot carcass weights (HCWs) and cold carcass weights (CCWs) and their yields; moreover, the bone fraction decreased whereas the muscle and fat fractions increased with higher levels of SFT. No significant differences were detected in meat quality variables. Thus, SFT appeared to have a direct influence on HCW, CCW, and the weight and yield of bone, muscle, and fat of castrated steers. A uniform fat thickness level of 6.0 mm SFT was determined to be the standard of quality of carcasses and meat products for consumers.</p></div
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