A combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab is more sensitive than mouthwash in detecting SARS-CoV-2 by a high-throughput PCR assay

Objectives The optimal diagnostic specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 by PCR in the upper respiratory tract is unclear. Mouthwash fluid has been reported as an alternative to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. We compared mouthwash fluid with a combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab regarding test performance. Methods In a large refugee facility, we retested individuals with a previous positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and their quarantined close contacts. All individuals were asymptomatic at the time of testing. First, a mouthwash (gargling for at least 5 s) with sterile water was performed. Then, with a single flocked swab the back of the throat and subsequently the nasopharynx were sampled. Samples were inactivated and analysed on a Roche cobas 6800 ® system with the Roche SARS-CoV-2 test. Results Of 76 individuals, 39 (51%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by oro-nasopharyngeal swab. Mouthwash detected 13 of 76 (17%) infections, but did not detect any additional infection. Samples that were positive in both tests, had lower cycle threshold (Ct)-values for oro-nasopharyngeal samples, indicating a higher virus concentration, compared to samples only positive in oro-nasopharyngeal swabs. Conclusion Mouthwash is not as sensitive as combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab in detecting upper respiratory tract infection.Projekt DEAL 202

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on growth and development of onion and wild relatives

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in the uptake of nutrients and water from soil. Onions, Allium cepa L., are plants with a shallow root system. As a result, onion plants need a lot of fertiziler for their growth. Furthermore, onion plants are sensitive to drought. The aim of the current research project is to study the beneficial effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and development of Allium species and to determine whether it is possible to improve onions for mycorrhizal responsiveness by means of breeding

A novel rapamycin analog is highly selective for mTORC1 in vivo.

Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1), extends lifespan and shows strong potential for the treatment of age-related diseases. However, rapamycin exerts metabolic and immunological side effects mediated by off-target inhibition of a second mTOR-containing complex, mTOR complex 2. Here, we report the identification of DL001, a FKBP12-dependent rapamycin analog 40x more selective for mTORC1 than rapamycin. DL001 inhibits mTORC1 in cell culture lines and in vivo in C57BL/6J mice, in which DL001 inhibits mTORC1 signaling without impairing glucose homeostasis and with substantially reduced or no side effects on lipid metabolism and the immune system. In cells, DL001 efficiently represses elevated mTORC1 activity and restores normal gene expression to cells lacking a functional tuberous sclerosis complex. Our results demonstrate that highly selective pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 can be achieved in vivo, and that selective inhibition of mTORC1 significantly reduces the side effects associated with conventional rapalogs

A combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab is more sensitive than mouthwash in detecting SARS-CoV-2 by a high-throughput PCR assay

Objectives!#!The optimal diagnostic specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 by PCR in the upper respiratory tract is unclear. Mouthwash fluid has been reported as an alternative to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. We compared mouthwash fluid with a combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab regarding test performance.!##!Methods!#!In a large refugee facility, we retested individuals with a previous positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and their quarantined close contacts. All individuals were asymptomatic at the time of testing. First, a mouthwash (gargling for at least 5 s) with sterile water was performed. Then, with a single flocked swab the back of the throat and subsequently the nasopharynx were sampled. Samples were inactivated and analysed on a Roche cobas 6800!##!Results!#!Of 76 individuals, 39 (51%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by oro-nasopharyngeal swab. Mouthwash detected 13 of 76 (17%) infections, but did not detect any additional infection. Samples that were positive in both tests, had lower cycle threshold (Ct)-values for oro-nasopharyngeal samples, indicating a higher virus concentration, compared to samples only positive in oro-nasopharyngeal swabs.!##!Conclusion!#!Mouthwash is not as sensitive as combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab in detecting upper respiratory tract infection

(Table 3) Contribution of different C species and eCA to phytoplanktonic DIC uptake in water samples obtained during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIV/3

Supplemental Information: The SE's for the contribution of eCA were calculated from the SE's for HCO3- contributions determined from control and eCA inhibited experiments using SE propagation. Coverage: EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -47.656200 * LONGITUDE: 4.270400 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-17T03:09:00 * ELEVATION: -4542.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -52.998600 * LONGITUDE: 0.013500 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-20T10:55:00 * ELEVATION: -2530.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -57.000000 * LONGITUDE: 0.000700 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-23T05:06:00 * ELEVATION: -3840.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -64.998600 * LONGITUDE: 0.003500 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-29T08:18:00 * ELEVATION: -3722.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -66.501000 * LONGITUDE: -0.000100 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-09T08:23:00 * ELEVATION: -4544.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette, ultra clean EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -68.000300 * LONGITUDE: -0.001000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-10T07:17:00 * ELEVATION: -4506.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -69.400100 * LONGITUDE: -0.003000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-11T19:20:00 * ELEVATION: -2009.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -69.073000 * LONGITUDE: -17.316000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-15T11:28:00 * ELEVATION: -4766.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -67.351600 * LONGITUDE: -23.643900 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-17T10:15:00 * ELEVATION: -4872.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -66.622400 * LONGITUDE: -27.095800 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-18T04:36:00 * ELEVATION: -4864.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -65.613500 * LONGITUDE: -36.398300 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-21T03:53:00 * ELEVATION: -4770.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -64.799600 * LONGITUDE: -42.897700 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-23T12:18:00 * ELEVATION: -4676.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -63.706100 * LONGITUDE: -50.873000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-27T13:49:00 * ELEVATION: -2620.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette, ultra clea

(Table 1) Nitrate, phosphate, silicate and CO2 concentrations in water samples obtained during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIV/3

Abstract: Not Available Category: geoscientificInformation Source: Not Available Supplemental Information: Not Availble Coverage: EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -47.656200 * LONGITUDE: 4.270400 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-17T03:09:00 * ELEVATION: -4542.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -52.998600 * LONGITUDE: 0.013500 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-20T10:55:00 * ELEVATION: -2530.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -55.495400 * LONGITUDE: 0.001200 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-22T02:59:00 * ELEVATION: -3841.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -57.000000 * LONGITUDE: 0.000700 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-23T05:06:00 * ELEVATION: -3840.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -62.000900 * LONGITUDE: 0.001400 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-27T09:11:00 * ELEVATION: -5360.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -64.998600 * LONGITUDE: 0.003500 * DATE/TIME: 2008-02-29T08:18:00 * ELEVATION: -3722.0 m * LOCATION: South Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -66.516700 * LONGITUDE: -0.055800 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-07T15:06:00 * ELEVATION: -4585.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -66.501000 * LONGITUDE: -0.000100 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-09T08:23:00 * ELEVATION: -4544.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette, ultra clean EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -68.000300 * LONGITUDE: -0.001000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-10T07:17:00 * ELEVATION: -4506.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -69.400100 * LONGITUDE: -0.003000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-11T19:20:00 * ELEVATION: -2009.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -69.073000 * LONGITUDE: -17.316000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-15T11:28:00 * ELEVATION: -4766.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -67.351600 * LONGITUDE: -23.643900 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-17T10:15:00 * ELEVATION: -4872.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -66.622400 * LONGITUDE: -27.095800 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-18T04:36:00 * ELEVATION: -4864.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -65.613500 * LONGITUDE: -36.398300 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-21T03:53:00 * ELEVATION: -4770.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -64.799600 * LONGITUDE: -42.897700 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-23T12:18:00 * ELEVATION: -4676.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -64.044600 * LONGITUDE: -48.265400 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-25T19:21:00 * ELEVATION: -4016.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -63.706100 * LONGITUDE: -50.873000 * DATE/TIME: 2008-03-27T13:49:00 * ELEVATION: -2620.0 m * LOCATION: Weddell Sea * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette, ultra clean EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -60.104500 * LONGITUDE: -55.277400 * DATE/TIME: 2008-04-02T16:02:00 * ELEVATION: -3518.0 m * LOCATION: Scotia Sea, southwest Atlantic * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -58.963600 * LONGITUDE: -58.098800 * DATE/TIME: 2008-04-05T10:14:00 * ELEVATION: -3772.0 m * LOCATION: Scotia Sea, southwest Atlantic * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -57.638200 * LONGITUDE: -60.898900 * DATE/TIME: 2008-04-07T09:38:00 * ELEVATION: -3436.0 m * LOCATION: Scotia Sea, southwest Atlantic * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -56.855000 * LONGITUDE: -62.483300 * DATE/TIME: 2008-04-09T13:22:00 * ELEVATION: -4158.0 m * LOCATION: Drake Passage * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosette EVENT LABEL: * LATITUDE: -55.743500 * LONGITUDE: -64.378700 * DATE/TIME: 2008-04-11T11:21:00 * ELEVATION: -3844.0 m * LOCATION: Drake Passage * CAMPAIGN: ANT-XXIV/3 * BASIS: Polarstern * METHOD/DEVICE: CTD/Rosett