Desenvolvimento e validação de uma escala para medir a atitude em relação ao aleitamento materno

Better knowledge of breastfeeding women for the design of strategies that promote exclusive breastfeeding will improve current rates. The use of tools to measure things such as attitude towards breastfeeding contributes to this purpose. The objective of the study was to develop and validate a scale that measures attitude towards breastfeeding.Un mejor conocimiento de las mujeres lactantes, para el diseño de estrategias que fomenten la lactancia materna exclusiva, permitirá mejorar las tasas actuales. El uso de instrumentos de medición en conceptos como la actitud frente a la lactancia permiten este propósito. El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar y validar una escala que mida la actitud frente a la lactancia.Um melhor conhecimento das mulheres lactantes para o desenho de estratégias que promovam o aleitamento materno exclusivo irá melhorar os índices atuais. A utilização de instrumentos de medição em conceitos como a atitude em relação à amamentação permite este propósito. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver e validar uma escala para medir a atitude em relação ao aleitamento materno

Gestión por procesos para reducir los daños de la carga transportada en una empresa de servicios de transporte

El presente trabajo de investigación muestra los principales problemas identificados en el proceso de carga, transporte y descarga de productos de la empresa materia del presente estudio, la misma que es una organización que brinda servicios logísticos a empresas de diferentes rubros. Ante ello se identificó que existen problemas en el servicio logístico brindado a un cliente en especial, donde se resaltan los productos en mal estado en el proceso de carga, transporte y descarga de dicho servicio, afectando la productividad de la empresa en estudio. El objetivo principal de esta investigación planteó la gestión por procesos para reducir los daños en la carga transportada. Para cumplir con el objetivo, en principio se determinó el marco metodológico donde se establece el enfoque cuantitativo, el tipo de investigación aplicada y el método de investigación de tipo descriptivo. Se planteó una propuesta de gestión por procesos, en el cual se utilizaron métodos como la estandarización de procesos y la planificación de rutas, para ello se utilizaron herramientas como diagramas de flujo, diagramas de actividades, para así identificar los procesos que se pueden mejorar e inspeccionar detalladamente cada proceso que deben realizar los operarios para lograr la reducción de productos en mal estado, también se implementaron formatos para tener mapeado los productos en mal estado en cada proceso tales como: carga, transporte y descarga; y adicionalmente hojas de ruta para que los choferes tengan claro por donde deben transportarse depende la situación en la que se encuentren. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación se realizaron visitas quincenales durante un período de 4 meses y reuniones con el gerente y responsables de cada área, para recopilar la información necesaria para definir los procesos de la empresa e identificar cuáles son los más críticos y necesitan ser mejorados para que estos no afecten a la productividad y crecimiento de la empresa en estudio. Con esta propuesta se espera reducir los daños en la carga transportada de la empresa en estudio

From Waiwai to Pooco - Fragments and history of the people of Mapuera (Mawtohrî), Cachorro (Katxuru) and Trombetas (Kahu) rivers

A região do rio Trombetas é uma das mais ricas e bem preservadas em diversidade humana e ambiental da Amazônia brasileira. Neste trabalho busco conciliar as perspectivas dessa diversidade humana, constituída por uma miríade de coletivos indígenas que habitam o rio Trombetas e dois dos seus maiores afluentes, Mapuera e Cachorro, com uma perspectiva da arqueologia. O diálogo entre as perspectivas indígenas e arqueológicas teve como partida dois pontos: a paisagem, envolvendo lugares que são sítios arqueológicos ou não, e os objetos cerâmicos arqueológicos. Para isso, apresento os sítios arqueológicos e cerâmicas pesquisadas no Projeto Norte-Amazônico (UFMG), e os mesmos temas pensados através da etnologia, assim como do meu próprio diálogo com os indígenas. Através desses dois recortes busco construir um encontro de narrativas sobre as temporalidades, seja nos registros materiais, lugares e cerâmica, seja na imaterialidade das memórias e mitos. Buscando, assim a relação entre a longa duração arqueológica e ancestralidade dos povos indígenas.The Trombetas River region is one of the richest and best preserved of the Brazilian Amazon in terms of its human and environmental diversity. In this study I seek to conciliate perspectives arising from this human diversity, which is constituted by a myriad of indigenous collectives who inhabit the Trombetas River and two of its largest tributaries, the Mapuera and Cachorro, with the an perspective of archaeology. The dialogue between indigenous and archaeological perspectives had two points of departure: the landscape, involving both places that are and others that are not archaeological sites; and archaeological ceramic artefacts. Towards this end I present archaeological sites and potteries investigated by the Projeto Norte-Amazônico (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) and discuss these issues through the lens provide by ethnographic literature and also based on my own dialogue with Amerindians. Thus, througharchaeology and ethnography I endeavour to build a meeting of narratives about temporalities - be this through the material record, in places and in pottery, be this in the immateriality of memories and myths. I seek to understand the relationship between the archaeological longue durée and the ancestrality of indigenous peoples

Pelo rio Mapuera: Reflexões sobre arqueologia e etnologia indígena na Amazônia e Guiana

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-10T06:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 versao_2013.pdf: 17388178 bytes, checksum: 924128f79231e22da655ca5bc570fef2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 29O presente trabalho pretende articular de forma complementar a arqueologia e a etnologia indígena da Amazônia, para pensar as relações políticas internas e externas entre grupos indígenas ao longo do tempo. Iniciamospor apresentar duas visões conflitantes propostas pelos etnólogos: uma delas, que focaliza a existência de relações entre diversos grupos interligados por extensas redes políticas, comerciais e de parentesco (Gallois 2005), e o outra que privilegia o atomismo ou isolamento político dos grupos indígenas (Rivière 1984). A partir do exemplo atual dos grupos indígenas Waiwai do Rio Mapuera (grupo do norte do Pará), verificamos que estes dois modos políticos, aparecem juntos e operam sincronicamente por complementaridade. Também existe uma oposição teórica entre os arqueólogos. Para alguns deles (Lathrap 1970, Roosevelt 1980), existiram cacicadosno período pré-colonial, visão opostas aos primeiros trabalhos sobre a floresta tropical não suportaria o desenvolvimento nem a sustentabilidade de grandes grupos (Meggers 1954). Para verificar se estas duas modalidades poderiam ser encontradas em tempos anteriores à colonização européia, apresentamos e discutimos as pesquisas arqueológicas recentes realizadas no médio Amazonas (Neves, 2010; Moraes 2010; Lima 2009), nos rios Tapajós e Trombetas, (Gomes 2009; Guapindaia 2008) e no litoral das Guianas (Rostain 2010). Estas pesquisas têm indicado que também houve diversidade de formas políticas no passado. A oposição entre a hipótese pertinente para alguns arqueólogos (Lathrap 1970, Roosevelt 1980) da existência de chefaturasno período pré-histórico e a observação pelos etnólogos do fato que as populações atuais, formam pequenas sociedades autônomas, deve-se tanto aos impasses teóricos e a diferenças metodológicas quanto às dificuldades de diálogo entre as duas disciplinas. Notamos que atualmente os dois campos de conhecimento, tendem a conceber as formações políticas indígenas, atuais e antigas, como diversas. A conclusão, portanto, é que ausência histórica de intercâmbio entre arqueologiae antropologia contribuiu para a falta de debates de fato rentáveis sobre as sociedades ameríndias do passado e do presente.This work intends to contribute to the archaeological and ethnological scholarship engaged with discussing long-term relationships and internal and external policies among the indigenous populations of the Amazon region. Ethnographers argue that there are two main conflicting visions concerning that topic: one of them claims that there are intense relations between different groups, linked by extensive political, trading, and kinship networks (Gallois 2005). The other favors notions of atomism and political isolation among indigenous groups (Rivière 1984). The example of the Waiwai Indians (Mapuera River northern Pará) with whom we have been working since, allows us to demonstrate how both modes work together and operate synchronously in a complementary manner. Some ethnographers (Lathrup 1970, Roosevelt 1980) argue that chiefdoms already existed in the prehistoric period, while others contend that if that were the case, large populations development and sustainability would not be possible in the rainforest. Our project attempts at overcoming this quandary by looking at both modern indigenous societies and archaeological remains to better understand the societies of this region In order to examine if these modalities existed before the European colonization, we peruse and discuss the most recent archeological scholarship concerning the middle Amazon region (Neves, 2010; Moraes 2010, Lima 2009), more specifically the Tapajós and Trombeta regions (Gomes 2009; Guapindaia 2008), and alongside the coast of Guyana (Rostain 2010). The main disagreement between the two hypotheses relevant to some archaeologists (Lathrap 1970, Roosevelt 1980) concerns the existence or not of chiefdoms since the prehistoric period, and the observation made by anthropologists that suggests that the current population form small, autonomous societies. Such tension is a result of theoretical impasses and methodological differences as well as of difficulties of dialogue between the two disciplines. We have noted that the two fields of knowledge tend to conceive of indigenous political parties, past and present, as very dissimilar. Our conclusion therefore is that the absence of historical exchange between archeology and anthropology contributed to the lack of a productive debate on Amerindian societies of the past and present

La mission archéologique de Minas Gerais (Brésil)

Depuis 1971, la Mission française de Minas Gerais étudie la préhistoire du Brésil central et ses relations avec les régions voisines. Les recherches dans des cimetières de l’Holocène ancien et moyen ont permis d’étayer la théorie selon laquelle une première vague de peuplement archaïque aurait précédé l’arrivée des populations indigènes mongoloïdes en Amérique. Les abris secs ont fourni de précieuses informations sur les plantes cultivées et l’outillage en matières périssables. L’analyse de l’art rupestre, menée de front avec celle des vestiges enterrés, a révélé une grande diversité des thèmes et des styles, non seulement d’une région à l’autre, mais aussi au long des millénaires. Certains thèmes de recherche dépassent les limites du Brésil central, comme l’archéologie des populations Tupiguarani.Since 1971, French Archaeological Mission in Minas Gerais is studing the prehistory of Central Brazil area. Researches in lower and middle Holocene cemeteries backs up the theory of a first archaic wave of settlement before the arrival of mongolian stock indigenous populations in America. The dry shelters provided valuable information on the crop plants and perishable matter made tools. The analysis of rock shelters art revealed a large diversity of topics and styles, not only from one area to another, but also along millenia. Some research topics exceed the limits of the Central Brazil area, like the archaeology of the Tupiguarani art and settlement.Contacts with traditional populations (indigenous and neo-brazilian) provided informations on present stone chipping

Evaluation of Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Brown Seaweed Dictyopteris Justii as Antioxidant Agents and as Inhibitors of the Formation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals

Oxalate crystals and other types of crystals are the cause of urolithiasis, and these are related to oxidative stress. The search for new compounds with antioxidant qualities and inhibitors of these crystal formations is therefore necessary. In this study, we extracted four sulfated polysaccharides, a fucoglucoxyloglucuronan (DJ-0.3v), a heterofucan (DJ-0.4v), and two glucans (DJ-0.5v and DJ-1.2v), from the marine alga Dictyopteris justii. The presence of sulfated polysaccharides was confirmed by chemical analysis and FT-IR. All the sulfated polysaccharides presented antioxidant activity under different conditions in some of the in vitro tests and inhibited the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Fucan DJ-0.4v was the polysaccharide that showed the best antioxidant activity and was one of the best inhibitors of the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Glucan DJ-0.5v was the second most potent inhibitor of the formation of oxalate crystals, as it stabilized dehydrated oxalate crystals (less aggressive form), preventing them from transforming into monohydrate crystals (more aggressive form). The obtained data lead us to propose that these sulfated polysaccharides are promising agents for use in the treatment of urolithiasis

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications