Life satisfaction 6–15 years after a traumatic brain injury

Objectives: To assess satisfaction with life as a whole and 10 domains of life satisfaction in Swedish individuals after a traumatic brain injury, to describe the relationship with demographic, social and injury related variables, and to compare the level of life satisfaction with a Swedish reference sample. Subjects: Fifty-one men and sixteen women, 6-15 years after a traumatic brain injury. Methods: Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-11). Results: Many of the participants were, to some degree, satisfied with life as a whole and with all 10 domains of life satisfaction, but significantly less satisfied with life as whole and with 6 of the other 10 domains of life satisfaction in comparison with the Swedish reference sample. The participants' sex, injury severity or years post-injury was not related to any domains in LiSat-11, whereas age at time of injury, marital status and vocational situation were significantly related to a few of the domains. Conclusion: This study shows that life satisfaction can be affected several years after a traumatic brain injury. It appears that individuals who are married or cohabiting and productive had higher life satisfaction. This implies that regaining social participation is an important factor for life satisfaction many years after a traumatic brain injury

Mapping the Mayo-Portland adaptability inventory to the international classification of functioning, disability and health

Objective: To examine the contents of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) by mapping it to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: Each of the 30 scoreable items in the MPAI-4 was mapped to the most precise ICF categories. Results: All 30 items could be mapped to components and categories in the ICF. A total of 88 meaningful concepts were identified. There were, on average, 2.9 meaningful concepts per item, and 65% of all concepts could be mapped. Items in the Ability and Adjustment subscales mapped to categories in both the Body Functions and Activity/Participation components of the ICF, whereas all except 1 in the Participation subscale were to categories in the Activity/Participation component. The items could also be mapped to 34 (13%) of the 258 Environmental Factors in the ICF. Conclusion: This mapping provides better definition through more concrete examples (as listed in the ICF) of the types of body functions, activities, and participation indicators that are represented by the 30 scoreable MPAI-4 items. This may assist users throughout the world in understanding the intent of each item, and support further development and the possibility to report results in the form of an ICF categorical profile, making it universally interpretable

Changes and sex differences in patient reported outcomes in rheumatoid factor positive RA-results from a community based study.

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are important measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A register of patients with RA from all rheumatology care providers in Malmö, Sweden, was established in 1997 and has been continually updated. This register includes virtually all the RA patients in the area. The aim of this study was to analyse PROs in surveys of this population conducted between 1997 and 2009, and to assess differences in treatment and outcome in male and female patients

A novel von Willebrand factor binding protein expressed by Staphylococcus aureus

When a shotgun phage-display library of Staphylococcus aureus Newman was affinity selected (panned) against recombinant von Willebrand factor (vWf), a novel von Willebrand factor binding protein (vWbp) was found. Experimental data indicate that the interaction between vWbp and vWf is very specific and mediated by a region of 26 aa residues in the C-terminal part of vWbp. vWbp has an N-terminal secretory signal sequence but no cell wall anchoring motif, suggesting a soluble extracellular location. Mature vWbp could be purified from the culture supernatant and the identity of the protein was confirmed by N-terminal sequencing. vWbp migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 66 kDa and the deduced protein consists of 482 aa. The gene encoding vWbp, named vwb, was present in all S. aureus strains investigated

Functional Characterization of the Nemertide alpha Family of Peptide Toxins

Peptide toxins find use in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. They are exploited as pharmaceutical tools, particularly for the investigation of ion channels. Here, we report the synthesis and activity of a novel family of peptide toxins: the cystine-knotted alpha nemertides. Following the prototypic alpha-1 and -2 (1 and 2), six more nemertides were discovered by mining of available nemertean transcriptomes. Here, we describe their synthesis using solid phase peptide chemistry and their oxidative folding by using an improved protocol. Nemertides alpha-2 to alpha-7 (2-7) were produced to characterize their effect on voltage-gated sodium channels (Blatella germanica BgNa(V)1 and mammalian Na(V)s1.1-1.8). In addition, ion channel activities were matched to in vivo tests using an Artemia microwell assay. Although nemertides demonstrate high sequence similarity, they display variability in activity on the tested Na(V)s. The nemertides are all highly toxic to Artemia, with EC50 values in the sub-low micromolar range, and all manifest preference for the insect BgNa(V)1 channel. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed key residues for Na-V-subtype selectivity. Combined with low EC50 values (e.g., Na(V)1.1: 7.9 nM (alpha-6); Na(V)1.3: 9.4 nM (alpha-5); Na(V)1.4: 14.6 nM (alpha-4)) this underscores the potential utility of alpha-nemertides for rational optimization to improve selectivity

Decrease in the incidence of total hip arthroplasties in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - results from a well defined population in south Sweden

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.INTRODUCTION: One aim of modern pharmacologic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is to prevent joint destruction and reduce the need for surgery. Our purpose was to investigate secular trends in the incidence of primary total hip and knee arthroplasties in a well defined sample of patients with RA. METHODS: Prevalent cases with RA in 1997 and incident cases from 1997 to 2007 in a community based register in Malmö, south Sweden, were included. Based on a structured review of the medical records, patients were classified according to the 1987 ACR criteria for RA. This cohort was linked to the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (through December 2006) and the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (through October 2007). Patients with a registered total hip or knee arthroplasty before 1997 or before RA diagnosis were excluded. Incidence rates for the period of introduction of TNF inhibitors (1998 to 2001) were compared to the period when biologics were part of the established treatment for severe RA (2002 to 2006/2007). RESULTS: In the cohort (n = 2,164; 71% women) a primary hip arthroplasty was registered for 115 patients and a primary knee arthroplasty for 82 patients. The incidence of primary total hip arthroplasties decreased from the period 1998 to 2001 (12.6/1,000 person-years (pyr)) to 2002 to 2006 (6.6/1,000 pyr) (rate ratio (RR) 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35 to 0.76). There was a trend towards an increase of primary knee arthroplasties (incidence 4.8/1,000 pyr vs. 6.8/1,000 pyr; RR 1.43; 95% CI 0.89 to 2.31). CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation shows a significant decrease in the incidence of total hip arthroplasties in patients with RA after 2001. Possible explanations include a positive effect on joint damage from more aggressive pharmacological treatment.The Swedish Research Council Lund University Crafoord Foundation Swedish Rheumatism Associatio

Deltagerdriven forskning – växtodlingsgruppen: Resultat och utvärdering av arbetet under 1998 till 2001

De ekologiska lantbrukarna i Sverige har under lång tid utfört olika typer av utvecklingsarbete på gårdsnivå (Wivstad, 1999). I den fortsatta utvecklingen av ekologiskt lantbruk är det viktigt att ta tillvara dessa erfarenheter och kunskaper. Deltagardriven forskning är en förändringsprocess (Ullmark, 1998) där aktiva lantbrukare, rådgivare och forskare arbetar i grupp utifrån gemensamma intresseområden. Syftet är att knyta ihop forskarnas, rådgivarnas och lantbrukarnas teoretiska och praktiska kunskaper och erfarenheter. Alla som medverkar i processen är lika viktiga och alla parter som berörs av resultaten har möjlighet att påverka gruppens arbete och utveckling (Ullmark, 1998). Tillsammans identifierar gruppen problem och använder/utvecklar för lantbrukaren relevanta försöks- och forskningsmetoder som kan bidra till att lösa de praktiska problem som lantbrukaren faktiskt ställs inför. Genom deltagardriven forskning kan lantbrukarna även få möjlighet till att påverka var och hur forskning bedrivs. Forskningsfrågorna kan hämtas från lantbrukssystemets olika delar samt göra gruppen medveten om hur olika delar påverkar helheten (Wivstad, 1999; Eksvärd et al, 2001). I förlängningen kan deltagarna bli informatörer och överföra idéer till andra lantbrukare (Ullmark, 1998). Centrum för uthålligt lantbruk, CUL, placerat vid SLU, har sedan 1998 ansvarat för det tvärvetenskapliga projektet ”Deltagardriven forskning” som ett verktyg för regional utveckling av det ekologiska lantbruket. Det övergripande målet har varit att öka kunskapen om hur man kan åstadkomma uthålliga lantbrukssystem. Projektet startade med sex delgrupper inriktade på följande områden: grönsaker – friland, grönsaker – växthus, höns, växtodling, biogas samt grisproduktion. Därefter har några tillkommit och några avslutats. För aktuell information se hemsidan: www.cul.slu.se. Ytterligare beskrivning kan fås i ”Deltagardriven forskning – forskningsinriktad aktörssamverkan för svenskt lantbruk” (Eksvärd, i tryck)

Maternal intake of seafood and supplementary long chain n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids and preterm delivery.

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesPreterm delivery increases the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest that maternal diet may affect the prevalence of preterm delivery. The aim of this study was to assess whether maternal intakes of seafood and marine long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) from supplements were associated with preterm delivery.The study population included 67,007 women from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Maternal food and supplement intakes were assessed by a validated self-reported food frequency questionnaire in mid-pregnancy. Information about gestational duration was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between total seafood, lean fish, fatty fish, and LCn-3PUFA intakes and preterm delivery. Preterm was defined as any onset of delivery before gestational week 37, and as spontaneous or iatrogenic deliveries and as preterm delivery at early, moderate, and late preterm gestations.Lean fish constituted 56%, fatty fish 34% and shellfish 10% of seafood intake. Any intake of seafood above no/rare intake (>5 g/d) was associated with lower prevalence of preterm delivery. Adjusted HRs were 0.76 (CI: 0.66, 0.88) for 1-2 servings/week (20-40 g/d), 0.72 (CI: 0.62, 0.83) for 2-3 servings/week (40-60 g/d), and 0.72 (CI: 0.61, 0.85) for ≥3 servings/week (>60 g/d), p-trend <0.001. The association was seen for lean fish (p-trend: 0.005) but not for fatty fish (p-trend: 0.411). The intake of supplementary LCn-3PUFA was associated only with lower prevalence of early preterm delivery (before 32 gestational weeks), while increasing intake of LCn-3PUFA from food was associated with lower prevalence of overall preterm delivery (p-trend: 0.002). Any seafood intake above no/rare was associated with lower prevalence of both spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery, and with lower prevalence of late preterm delivery.Any intake of seafood above no/rare consumption was associated with lower prevalence of preterm delivery. The association was stronger for lean than for fatty fish. Intake of supplementary LCn-3PUFA was associated only with early preterm delivery. The findings corroborate the current advice to include fish and seafood as part of a balanced diet during pregnancy.Norwegian Ministry of Health Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NIEHS Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NIND