Vergleichende genomische Hybridisierung zur Charakterisierung genetischer Alterationen in Ovarialkarzinomen

Zusammenfassung Im onkologischen Labor der Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe des Universitätsklinikums Kiel wurde die Methode der Comparativen-Genomischen-Hybridisierung (CGH) etabliert, um mit ihrer Hilfe genetische Veränderungen in Tumormaterial von Ovarialkarzinom-Patientinnen zu detektieren und lokalisieren. Die ermittelten numerischen Aberrationen deckten sich in ihrer Komplexität und zum größten Teil in den beobachteten Über- und Unterrepräsentationen mit bereits publizierten Daten. Diese Übereinstimmungen unterstützen die Theorie, daß epigenetische Faktoren die Hauptursache für die Entstehung des OvCa. in den westlichen Industrieländern darstellen. Zu den wiederkehrenden Aberrationen in dieser Studie gehörten Zugewinne von 8q (59,6%), 3q (55,8%), 20q (50%), 19 (q: 48,1%, p: 46,2%) und Chromosom 1 (q: 44,2%, p: 42,3%). Von Verlusten waren hauptsächlich die Chromosomen 4q (50%), 13q (48,1%), 5q, 6q (je 42,3%) und 18q (40,4%) betroffen. Weiterhin wurde zur Überprüfung einiger CGH-Daten FISH-Untersuchungen auf 'touch-Präparaten' durchgeführt. Bei der Überprüfung von insgesamt 139 Loci fanden sich 48 diskrepante Ergebnisse, die in der Mehrzahl auf einen polyploiden/aneuploiden Karyotyp zurückzuführen waren (bei vier der zehn Patientinnen), der in der CGH nicht erkannt wird. Dieses Ergebnis zeigt eindeutig die Notwendigkeit, den Ploidie-Grad vor der Interpretation der CGH-Daten abzuklären. Unter diesem Aspekt sind die CGH-Daten dieser und anderer Arbeitsgruppen neu zu bewerten, da sie in einigen Fällen vermutlich falsch interpretiert wurden

Lærerprofesjonaliteten til psykologilærere i videregående skole

The purpose of this study was to examine how the psychology teachers in Norwegian high schools perceive their own teacher professionalism in the psychology subject. The program subjects Psychology 1 and 2 were implemented in 2009 and have become immensely popular. Yet, no or little research about the field of the psychology subject, the psychology teachers or the students who have chosen the subjects exists. From the report on the teacher role Om lærerrollen (Ekspertgruppa om lærerrollen, 2016) we have come to know that only little research about teacher professionalism seen from the teachers’ own perspective exists, in particular very little quantitative research. In order to examine the psychology teachers’ perception of their own teacher professionalism, a digital survey was distributed to the psychology teachers via email. The questions and statements in the survey were based on theory about teacher professionalism and measured professional knowledge, professional autonomy, professional ethics and professional community of practice. Of the entire population of 364 psychology teachers, 246 answered. The results showed that the psychology teachers have less content knowledge, pedagogic content knowledge and teaching experience in psychology than in their other teaching subject. Furthermore, findings indicated that the psychology teachers may experience challenges concerning ethical dilemmas and the use of textbooks and assessment criteria. Furthermore, the results showed that the psychology teachers experience significantly less professional knowledge and community of practice in the psychology subject than in their other teaching subject. They also showed that the psychology teachers who earned a degree in subject didactics in psychology report a significantly higher degree of professional knowledge and professional autonomy than the psychology teachers who lack this degree. Finally, the study also revealed significant correlations between professional knowledge and professional autonomy, between professional knowledge and professional community of practice and between professional community of practice and professional ethics. The findings of the study showed that the psychology teachers call for supplementary courses in the psychology subject. Therefore, the study suggests that the psychology subject and the psychology teachers are given increased priority when it comes to research and future development of teacher professionalism.Formålet med den foreliggende studien var å undersøke hvordan psykologilærerne i norsk videregående skole opplever egen lærerprofesjonalitet i psykologifaget. Programfagene Psykologi 1 og 2 ble innført i 2009 og har på kort tid blitt meget populære. Likevel finnes det lite eller ingen forskning på psykologifaget, psykologilærerne eller elevene som har valgt psykologifaget. Fra rapporten Om lærerrollen (Ekspertgruppa om lærerrollen, 2016) vet vi at det så langt eksisterer lite forskning på lærerprofesjonalitet sett fra lærernes perspektiv og i særdeleshet lite kvantitativ forskning. For å undersøke opplevelsen av lærerprofesjonaliteten til psykologilærere i Norge ble det sendt en digital surveyundersøkelse til samtlige psykologilærere på e-post. Spørsmålene og påstandene i surveyundersøkelsen var basert på teori om lærerprofesjonalitet og målte profesjonskunnskap, profesjonsautonomi, profesjonsetikk og profesjonsfellesskap. Av en samlet populasjon på 364 psykologilærere besvarte 246 undersøkelsen. Resultatene viste at psykologilærerne samlet sett har mindre faglig og fagdidaktisk utdanning og undervisningserfaring i psykologifaget enn de har i sitt andre undervisningsfag. Videre indikerte funnene at psykologilærerne kan møte på utfordringer med etiske dilemmaer og bruk av læreverk og vurderingskriterier i psykologifaget. Resultatene viste også at psykologilærerne opplever signifikant lavere grad av profesjonskunnskap og profesjonsfellesskap sammenlignet med deres andre undervisningsfag, og at de psykologilærere som har psykologididaktisk utdanning skårer signifikant høyere på profesjonskunnskap og profesjonsautonomi sammenlignet med psykologilærerne som ikke har psykologididaktisk utdanning. Studien avdekket også en rekke signifikante sammenhenger mellom profesjonskunnskap og profesjonsautonomi, mellom profesjonskunnskap og profesjonsfellesskap og mellom profesjonsfellesskap og profesjonsetikk. Funnene i studien viste at psykologilærerne i videregående opplæring selv etterlyser etter- og videreutdanningstilbud i psykologifaget. Studien foreslår derfor avslutningsvis at psykologifaget og psykologilærerne fremover tildeles høyere prioritet når det gjelder forskning og fremtidig utvikling av egen lærerprofesjonalitetMasteroppgave i pedagogikk IKTPED39

Accuracy of a Phase-Correlation Technique for Fully Automated Sea Ice Motion Retrieval based on Sequential SAR Images

In order to improve ship routing in polar waters, we present a software processor to retrieve high resolution sea ice motion fields from spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image sequences fully automatically. Sea ice is almost continually in motion. Within hours, wind and ocean currents can cause significant changes within the sea ice. When the ice is pulled apart by winds or currents from opposite directions, the ice fractures, and open water leads appear. When ice is strongly pushed together by converging wind and currents, the ice sheet will break and either pile up randomly one piece over another, forming a thick, uneven surface, or be forced upwards, creating high walls called ridges. Such obstacles are difficult or impossible even for icebreakers to overcome. SAR satellites such as TerraSAR-X or Sentinel-1 are well suitable to map different structures in the sea ice. Due to their near-polar orbit, spatially and temporally near coincident acquisitions in high latitudes are possible on a daily basis. The core of the presented software processor for sea ice motion retrieval is the well-known phase correlation technique, executed within a hierarchical motion estimation framework presented in our previous work. The output of the processor is a vector field indicating the sea ice displacement, which can be converted into sea ice velocity. Now, we investigate the accuracy of the retrieved displacement. Our test deals with a series of TerraSAR-X ScanSAR mode images acquired over drift buoys that are located in arctic waters, as well as with collocated Sentinel-1 acquisitions for comparison. We monitored the buoys during July 2017 and January 2018. In the winter sequences, an ice concentration of >90 % is predominant, while the summer acquisitions capture an ice concentration of 50 % - 80 %. Altogether, the accuracy of motion vectors estimated from TerraSAR-X image pairs amounts to 30 m (1σ-error). The motion field has a resolution of 150 m x 150 m, which gives a very detailed look into the local sea ice motion, detecting small variations. The presented processor is intended to be part of the operational data processing chain at DLR Ground Station Network sites. In ongoing work, we implement parallel processing in order to reduce computing time so vessels in ice infested waters can receive information on local sea ice motion in near real-time

Polymorphisms in NF-kappa B, PXR, LXR, PPAR gamma and risk of inflammatory bowel disease

AIM: To investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in nuclear receptors to risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: Genotypes of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B (NFKB1) NF kappa B -94ins/del (rs28362491); peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma (PPAR gamma) PPAR gamma Pro12Ala (rs 1801282) and C1431T (rs 3856806); pregnane X receptor (PXR) (NR1I2) PXR A-24381C (rs1523127), C8055T (2276707), and A7635G (rs 6785049); and liver X receptor (LXR) (NR1H2) LXR T-rs1405655-C and T-rs2695121-C were assessed in a Danish case-control study of 327 Crohn's disease patients, 495 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 779 healthy controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were estimated by logistic regression models. RESULTS: The PXR A7635G variant, the PPAR gamma Pro12Ala and LXR T-rs2695121-C homozygous variant genotypes were associated with risk of UC (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03-1.66, P = 0.03, OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.04-5.08, P = 0.04, and OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.00-1.98, P = 0.05, respectively) compared to the corresponding homozygous wild-type genotypes. Among never smokers, PXR A7635G and the LXR T-rs1405655-C and T-rs2695121-C variant genotypes were associated with risk of IBD (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.91, P = 0.02, OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.21-2.20, P = 0.001, and OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.36-2.99, P = 0.0005, respectively) compared to the respective homozygous variant genotypes. PXR A7635G (rs6785049) variant genotype was associated with a higher risk of UC diagnosis before the age of 40 years and with a higher risk of extensive disease (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.75 and OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.24-5.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: Common PXR and LXR polymorphisms may contribute to risk of IBD, especially among never smokers. (C) 2011 Baishideng. All rights reserved