Theory-based metrological traceability in education: A reading measurement network

Huge resources are invested in metrology and standards in the natural sciences, engineering, and across a wide range of commercial technologies. Significant positive returns of human, social, environmental, and economic value on these investments have been sustained for decades. Proven methods for calibrating test and survey instruments in linear units are readily available, as are data- and theory-based methods for equating those instruments to a shared unit. Using these methods, metrological traceability is obtained in a variety of commercially available elementary and secondary English and Spanish language reading education programs in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Given established historical patterns, widespread routine reproduction of predicted text-based and instructional effects expressed in a common language and shared frame of reference may lead to significant developments in theory and practice. Opportunities for systematic implementations of teacher-driven lean thinking and continuous quality improvement methods may be of particular interest and value

Assessment of Gas Resources for Secondary Gas Recovery Technology

Unrecovered gas resources available through existing technology can be a significant source of reserve additions in maturely explored petroleum provinces. In this study, nonassociated and associated Texas reservoirs were analyzed for gas reserve growth potential. In the nonassociated fluvial Frio Brooks reservoir, infill drilling from 640 to 320 acres per well can potentially increase reserves by 15.7 percent of estimated ultimate recovery. Gas reserve additions may result from improved contact with isolated or partially isolated sandstones that are not effectively drained by conventional development practices. An additional 14.4 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of gas resources can be potentially recovered by strategic infill drilling down to 10-acre spacing in the Grayburg reservoirs of Dune field, one of many mature West Texas fields located on the Central Basin Platform. Infill wells strategically drilled in the Dune field grainstone facies are projected to be most cost-efficient and productive. Recoverable associated gas in selected plays is estimated to be from 3.4 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) to 5.8 Tcf. The greatest recovery potential for associated gas reserve growth in Texas is in carbonate reservoirs with complex facies architecture in the Permian Basin. Geologically based infill wells in areas of greatest reservoir heterogeneity can recover much of this unproduced gas resource.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Climatology of the Southeastern United States Continental Shelf Waters

Data from 2872 hydrographic stations have been used to determine the oceanographie climatology of the southeastern United States continental shelf waters. The data were sorted by each degree of latitude and by depth into three zones (0–20 m, 21–40 m, 41–60 m). Inner shelf water temperatures were similar to adjacent land air temperatures, while outer shelf temperatures were moderated by the Gulf Stream. Minimum and maximum water temperatures occurred in Georgia and South Carolina inner shelf water. Bottom temperatures were unusually low off Florida in the summer probably because of shelf break upwelling. Surface salinity was lowest adjacent to the rivers and reached minimums in the spring at the time of high runoff. An exception to this occurred in the fall, when strong southward winds apparently advected low salinity coastal water southward and offshore flow was restricted. Heat flux was calculated from changes in monthly mean depth-averaged inner shelf water temperatures. Heating occurred from March through July with maximum rates of 103 W m−2. Cooling occurred from October through February with maximum rates of −90 W m−2. Bulk stratification was estimated from the difference in near-surface and near-bottom monthly mean density. In the spring, stratification increases in inner shelf areas because of decreasing winds and increasing heat flux and runoff. By summer the whole shelf is highly stratified reflecting the contrast between high surface water temperatures and cooler bottom waters. Highest bulk stratification is found over the outer shelf. Stratification decreased with the approach offall with the associated cooling and high winds. Mean flow at midshelf was northward and appears to be produced by an along-shelf slope of sea level of oceanic origin

Mineral pigments at Huaca Tacaynamo (Chan Chan, Peru)

X-ray diffraction analyses of five samples of pigments from a recently excavated mural at the archaeological site of Huaca Tacaynamo, a part of the Chan Chan archaeological complex, northern Peru, show that minerals related to metal occurrences known to have been exploited by ancient Andeans were also used as pigments. These minerals include: atacamite [Cu2Cl(OH3)] for green; azurite [Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2] for blue; calcite [CaCO3] for white; cinnabar [HgS] for red; and goethite [HFeO2] for yellow. Woven plant material from Tacaynamo gave a calibrated, 2 sigma 14C date of AD 1412-1614; however, initial occupation of the site and painting of the murals may have been earlier.Los análisis de difracción de rayos x en 5 muestras de pigmentos de un mural, recientemente excavado en el sitio arqueológico de Huaca Tacaynamo —una parte del complejo de Chan Chan en el norte del Perú—, muestran ciertos minerales relacionados con presencias metálicas que, como se sabe, han sido aprovechados por los antiguos habitantes de los Andes, también, como pigmentos. Estos minerales incluyen atacamita [Cu2Cl(OH3)] para el color verde; azurita [Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2] para el azul; calcita [CaCO3] para el blanco; cinabrio [HgS] para el rojo; y goetita [HFeO2] para el amarillo. La datación de los tejidos a partir de materiales vegetales de Tacaynamo con el 14C dio como resultado: AD 1412-1614. Sin embargo, la ocupación inicial del sitio y la pintura de los murales bien podría haber sido previas.Les analyses de diffraction des rayons X sur cinq échantillons de pigments d’une peinture murale récemment découverte sur le site archéologique de Huaca Tacaynamo — qui fait partie du complexe de Chan Chan, au nord du Pérou —, indiquent la présence de minéraux connus pour avoir servi de pigments aux anciens habitants des Andes. Ces minéraux sont l’atacamite [Cu2Cl(OH3)] pour la couleur verte; l’azurite [Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2] pour le bleu; la calcite [CaCO3] pour le blanc; le cinabre [HgS] pour le rouge; et la goethite [HFeO2] pour le jaune. Le matériel tissé d’origine végétale retrouvé à Tacaynamo a donné un calibrage de 2 sigma 14C avec une date de AD 1412-1614; cependant, la première occupation du site et les peintures murales pourraient bien être antérieures

Tracking icebergs with time-lapse photography and sparse optical flow, LeConte Bay, Alaska, 2016–2017

We present a workflow to track icebergs in proglacial fjords using oblique time-lapse photos and the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm. We employ the workflow at LeConte Bay, Alaska, where we ran five time-lapse cameras between April 2016 and September 2017, capturing more than 400 000 photos at frame rates of 0.5–4.0 min−1. Hourly to daily average velocity fields in map coordinates illustrate dynamic currents in the bay, with dominant downfjord velocities (exceeding 0.5 m s−1 intermittently) and several eddies. Comparisons with simultaneous Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements yield best agreement for the uppermost ADCP levels (∼ 12 m and above), in line with prevalent small icebergs that trace near-surface currents. Tracking results from multiple cameras compare favorably, although cameras with lower frame rates (0.5 min−1) tend to underestimate high flow speeds. Tests to determine requisite temporal and spatial image resolution confirm the importance of high image frame rates, while spatial resolution is of secondary importance. Application of our procedure to other fjords will be successful if iceberg concentrations are high enough and if the camera frame rates are sufficiently rapid (at least 1 min−1 for conditions similar to LeConte Bay).This work was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (OPP-1503910, OPP-1504288, OPP-1504521 and OPP-1504191).Ye

Failure of interpolation in the intuitionistic logic of constant domains

This paper shows that the interpolation theorem fails in the intuitionistic logic of constant domains. This result refutes two previously published claims that the interpolation property holds.Comment: 13 pages, 0 figures. Overlaps with arXiv 1202.1195 removed, the text thouroughly reworked in terms of notation and style, historical notes as well as some other minor details adde

Transcutaneous Bilirubin Nomograms

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Homing of stem cells to sites of inflammatory brain injury after intracerebral and intravenous administration: a longitudinal imaging study

Introduction This study aimed to determine the homing potential and fate of epidermal neural crest stem cells (eNCSCs) derived from hair follicles, and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) of mesenchymal origin, in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory lesion model in the rat brain. Both eNCSCs and BMSCs are easily accessible from adult tissues by using minimally invasive procedures and can differentiate into a variety of neuroglial lineages. Thus, these cells have the potential to be used in autologous cell-replacement therapies, minimizing immune rejection, and engineered to secrete a variety of molecules. Methods Both eNCSCs and BMSCs were prelabeled with iron-oxide nanoparticles (IO-TAT-FITC) and implanted either onto the corpus callosum in healthy or LPS-lesioned animals or intravenously into lesioned animals. Both cell types were tracked longitudinally in vivo by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for up to 30 days and confirmed by postmortem immunohistochemistry. Results Transplanted cells in nonlesioned animals remained localized along the corpus callosum. Cells implanted distally from an LPS lesion (either intracerebrally or intravenously) migrated only toward the lesion, as seen by the localized MRI signal void. Fluorescence microscopy of the FITC tag on the nanoparticles confirmed the in vivo MRI data, Conclusions This study demonstrated that both cell types can be tracked in vivo by using noninvasive MRI and have pathotropic properties toward an inflammatory lesion in the brain. As these cells differentiate into the glial phenotype and are derived from adult tissues, they offer a viable alternative autologous stem cell source and gene-targeting potential for neurodegenerative and demyelinating pathologies. </br

Mined Lands Inventory, Industrial Minerals, East Texas

The Bureau of Economic Geology, under an interagency cooperative contract with the Railroad Commission of Texas, conducted a comprehensive inventory of abandoned and active mining operations across 84 counties in East Texas. This report represents the second phase of the inventory, begun in 1988 in South Texas (Jackson and others, 1989). Project objectives were to characterize potential reclamation, or priority, sites, to create a surface-mining database of industrial minerals, and to provide data to meet future legislative and regulatory needs. Comprehensive procedures were established for identification and evaluation of mined lands using U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps, black-and-white and color-infrared aerial photographs, on-site surveys, and low-altitude flyovers. The site location, mineral commodity, and relative size were recorded on a Mined Lands Inventory Form (MLIF) for each site greater than 2 acres. Data on health, safety, and environmental aspects were recorded for all priority sites. All data were entered into the Texas Mined Lands Database (TMLDB), a computer database that follows the format of the MLIF. Locations of all inventoried sites are shown on over 600 topographic maps. In East Texas, 6,492 mined sites were identified, 3,341 greater than 2 acres, 3,112 less than 2 acres, and 39 of undetermined size. Among sites larger than 2 acres, approximately 1,637 are abandoned, 1,166 are active, and 573 are reclaimed. An estimated 140,000 acres have been disturbed by surface mining, predominantly by sand and gravel mining. Other commodities mined in the East Texas area include limestone, clay, and iron ore.Bureau of Economic Geolog