A Literature Review of the Partial Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) Model

Theoretical background: Today, people use more systems and devices than ever, no matter the context. These behaviors are most often explained using technology acceptance models, including the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2), which is a new and prominent technology acceptance theory.Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to identify any interpretable trends and draw overall conclusions about the existing UTAUT2 literature, which helps to fill the gap which is lack of such review for UTAUT2 model.Research methods: Descriptive review analysis of 23 articles based on the partial UTAUT2 model.Main findings: The UTAUT2 is an efficient theory – the average explained variance of behavioral intention was 62% and for use behavior – 37%. It is highly recommended to use the performance expectancy variable in all research contexts based on the UTAUT2 model. Utilitarian aspects turned out to be more important than hedonic ones for most technology adopters. Commercial organisations should focus on delivering reliable and useful products and underline these features in marketing communication.Theoretical background: Today, people use more systems and devices than ever, no matter the context. These behaviors are most often explained using technology acceptance models, including the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2), which is a new and prominent technology acceptance theory.Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to identify any interpretable trends and draw overall conclusions about the existing UTAUT2 literature, which helps to fill the gap which is lack of such review for UTAUT2 model.Research methods: Descriptive review analysis of 23 articles based on the partial UTAUT2 model.Main findings: The UTAUT2 is an efficient theory – the average explained variance of behavioral intention was 62% and for use behavior – 37%. It is highly recommended to use the performance expectancy variable in all research contexts based on the UTAUT2 model. Utilitarian aspects turned out to be more important than hedonic ones for most technology adopters. Commercial organisations should focus on delivering reliable and useful products and underline these features in marketing communication

Dark matter production through a non-thermal flavon portal

The Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism provides an attractive way of generating the determined fermion mass hierarchy and quark mixing matrix elements in the Standard Model (SM). Here we extend it by coupling the FN field, the flavon, to a dark sector containing one or more dark matter particles which are produced non-thermally sequentially through flavon production. Non-thermal flavon production occurs efficiently via freeze-in and through field oscillations. We explore this in the regime of high-scale breaking $\Lambda$ of the global $U(1)_{\textrm{FN}}$ group and at the reheating temperature $T_R\ll \Lambda$ where the flavon remains out of equilibrium at all times. We identify phenomenologically acceptable regions of $T_R$ and the flavon mass where the relic abundance of dark matter and other cosmological constraints are satisfied. In the case of one-component dark matter we find an effective upper limit on the FN charges at high $\Lambda$, i.e. $Q_{\rm FN}^{\rm DM}\leq13$. In the multi-component dark sector scenario the dark particle can be the heaviest dark particle that can be effectively stable at cosmological timescales, alternatively it can be produced sequentially by decays of the heavier ones. For scenarios where dark decays occur at intermediate timescales, i.e. $t\sim 0.1- 10^{28}\,{\rm s}$, we find that existing searches can effectively probe interesting regions of parameter space. These searches include indirect probes on decays such as $\gamma$-ray and neutrino telescopes as well as analyses of the Cosmic Microwave Background, as well as constraints on small scale structure formation from the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. We comment on the future prospects of such probes and place projected sensitivities.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure

Application of primary cell cultures of laryngeal carcinoma and laser scanning cytometry in the evaluation of tumor reactivity to cisplatinum.

Unsatisfactory effects of treatment of laryngeal carcinoma patients stimulate the clinicians as well as researchers to develop new more effective treatment models and to find new reliable prognostic factors. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the use of primary cell cultures of the laryngeal carcinoma and laser scanning cytometry (LSC) in the assessment of tumor reactivity to cisplatinum. Nineteen primary cultures of laryngeal carcinoma cells established from fragments of laryngeal carcinoma infiltrations were cultured with or without cisplatin, stained with monoclonal antibodies against P53 and BCL-2 proteins and analyzed by LSC. Cisplatin added to the culture medium leads to the significant increase of P53 expression and decrease of BCL-2 expression. Moreover, changes of P53 and BCL-2 expressions were significantly correlated. Our findings of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms could be useful in patient qualification for the chemotherapeutic follow-up treatment

DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Genes and Oxidative Damage in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Background Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the brain, colonizing a neuro-inflammatory microenvironment. The molecular pathways facilitating this colonization remain poorly understood. Methods Expression profiling of 23 matched sets of human resected brain metastases and primary breast tumors by two-sided paired t test was performed to identify brain metastasis–specific genes. The implicated DNA repair genes BARD1 and RAD51 were modulated in human (MDA-MB-231-BR) and murine (4T1-BR) brain-tropic breast cancer cell lines by lentiviral transduction of cDNA or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) coding sequences. Their functional contribution to brain metastasis development was evaluated in mouse xenograft models (n = 10 mice per group). Results Human brain metastases overexpressed BARD1 and RAD51 compared with either matched primary tumors (1.74-fold, P < .001; 1.46-fold, P < .001, respectively) or unlinked systemic metastases (1.49-fold, P = .01; 1.44-fold, P = .008, respectively). Overexpression of either gene in MDA-MB-231-BR cells increased brain metastases by threefold to fourfold after intracardiac injections, but not lung metastases upon tail-vein injections. In 4T1-BR cells, shRNA-mediated RAD51 knockdown reduced brain metastases by 2.5-fold without affecting lung metastasis development. In vitro, BARD1- and RAD51-overexpressing cells showed reduced genomic instability but only exhibited growth and colonization phenotypes upon DNA damage induction. Reactive oxygen species were present in tumor cells and elevated in the metastatic neuro-inflammatory microenvironment and could provide an endogenous source of genotoxic stress. Tempol, a brain-permeable oxygen radical scavenger suppressed brain metastasis promotion induced by BARD1 and RAD51 overexpression. Conclusions BARD1 and RAD51 are frequently overexpressed in brain metastases from breast cancer and may constitute a mechanism to overcome reactive oxygen species–mediated genotoxic stress in the metastatic brain

Использование мобильных устройств для совершения покупок – расширение модели UTAUT2 переменной «индивидуальная инновационность»

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja kluczowych czynników wpływających na intencję użycia urządzeń mobilnych w procesie kupowania produktów (INT) wśród polskich konsumentów. W związku z powyższym zmodyfikowano model UTAUT2 rozszerzając go o zmienną indywidualna innowacyjność (II) i usuwając zmienne, które nie były istotne statystycznie w poprzednich badaniach przeprowadzonych w Polsce. Dodatkowo sprawdzono wpływ dwóch zmiennych moderujących – płci i doświadczenia w korzystaniu z mobilnego Internetu. Analiza danych została przeprowadzona z użyciem częściowej metody najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS-SEM). Grupa respondentów liczyła 256 studentów z trzech miast (Białegostoku, Gdańska i Łodzi). Zgodnie z wynikami, oczekiwana wydajność (WYD) jest najsilniejszą determinantą INT. Hedonistyczna motywacja (HM), nawyk (NAW) i indywidualna innowacyjność również okazały się istotnymi statystycznie predyktorami INT.This paper identifies the most important factors affecting the use of mobile devices during shopping. For this purpose, the UTAUT2 model was expanded with individual innovativeness (II) and the variables that were not statistically significant in the previous studies conducted among Polish mobile consumers were removed. Additionally, influence of two moderating variables – namely gender and experience in using mobile Internet was checked. The data analysis was conducted with the partial least squares method (PLS-SEM). The group of respondents consisted of 256 students from three Polish cities (Bialystok, Gdansk, and Lodz). According to the results, the performance expectancy (PE) was the strongest determinant of the intention to use mobile device in the buying process (INT). Hedonic motivation (HM), habit (HAB) and individual innovativeness were also statistically significant predictors of INT.Цель работы заключалась в выявлении основных факторов, влияющих на намерение применить мобильные устройства в процессе покупки продуктов (НАМ) среди польских потребителей. В этой связи видоизменили модель UTAUT2, расширяя ее переменной индивидуальная инновационность (ИИ) и удаляя переменные, которые не были статистически существенны в прежних исследованиях, проведенных в Польше. Дополнительно проверили влияние двух модерирующих переменных: пола и опыта в пользовании мобильным интернетом. Анализ данных провели, применяя частичный метод наименьших квадратов (PLS-SEM). Группа респондентов насчитывала 256 студентов из трех городов (Белостока, Гданьска и Лодзи). В соответствии с результатами, ожидаемая производительность (ПРО) – самый сильный детерминант НАМ. Гедонистическая мотивация (ГМ), навык (НАВ) и индивидуальная инновационность тоже оказались статистически существенными предикторами НАМ

Przegląd literatury wykorzystującej klasyczną i rozszerzoną jednolitą teorię akceptacji i użycia technologii 2 (UTAUT2)

UTAUT2 is a model that explains why technology is adopted by the users. It integrates eight most important technology acceptance models that were proposed in the past. The aim of this article is to answer the question “why people use technology?” by summarizing seven years of research based on classic and extended UTAUT2 since the model was formulated in 2012. This paper consist of three main parts. The first part is devoted to presentation of different technology acceptance theories / models including presentation of the three different types of UTAUT2 based research. Second part is regarding methodology of the literature review. Third part consists discussion (including limitations and further research ideas). Table summarizing 25 UTAUT2 studies is added as attachment.UTAUT2 to teoria, która wyjaśnia, dlaczego dana technologia jest akceptowana i wykorzystywana przez użytkowników. Integruje osiem najważniejszych modeli akceptacji technologii, które zostały zaproponowane w przeszłości. Celem tego artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie: „Dlaczego ludzie używają technologii?”. Cel ten został osiągnięty przez podsumowanie siedmiu lat badań opartych na klasycznej i rozszerzonej teorii UTAUT2. Artykuł składa się z trzech głównych części. Pierwsza część jest poświęcona prezentacji różnych teorii/ modeli akceptacji technologii, w tym prezentacji trzech różnych typów badań opartych na UTAUT2. Druga część dotyczy metodologii przeglądu literatury. Trzecia część obejmuje dyskusję (w tym ograniczenia i dalsze pomysły badawcze). Tablica podsumowująca 25 badań opartych na UTAUT2 została dodana jako załącznik

Application of primary cell cultures of laryngeal carcinoma and laser scanning cytometry in the evaluation of tumor reactivity to cisplatinum.

Unsatisfactory effects of treatment of laryngeal carcinoma patients stimulate the clinicians as well as researchers to develop new more effective treatment models and to find new reliable prognostic factors. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the use of primary cell cultures of the laryngeal carcinoma and laser scanning cytometry (LSC) in the assessment of tumor reactivity to cisplatinum. Nineteen primary cultures of laryngeal carcinoma cells established from fragments of laryngeal carcinoma infiltrations were cultured with or without cisplatin, stained with monoclonal antibodies against P53 and BCL-2 proteins and analyzed by LSC. Cisplatin added to the culture medium leads to the significant increase of P53 expression and decrease of BCL-2 expression. Moreover, changes of P53 and BCL-2 expressions were significantly correlated. Our findings of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms could be useful in patient qualification for the chemotherapeutic follow-up treatment