Plasma magnesium concentration in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Introduction Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in cell physiology and its deficiency may cause many disorders which often require intensive treatment. The aim of this study was to analyse some factors affecting preoperative plasma Mg concentration in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material and Methods Adult patients scheduled for elective CABG with cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) under general anaesthesia were studied. Plasma Mg concentration was analysed before surgery in accordance with age, domicile, profession, tobacco smoking and preoperative Mg supplementation. Blood samples were obtained from the radial artery just before the administration of anaesthesia. Results 150 patients were studied. Mean preoperative plasma Mg concentration was 0.93 ± 0.17 mmol/L; mean concentration in patients – 1.02 ± 0.16; preoperative Mg supplementation was significantly higher than in patients without such supplementation. Moreover, intellectual workers supplemented Mg more frequently and had higher plasma Mg concentration than physical workers. Plasma Mg concentration decreases in elderly patients. Patients living in cities, on average, had the highest plasma Mg concentration. Smokers had significantly lower plasma Mg concentration than non-smokers. Conclusions 1. Preoperative magnesium supplementation increases its plasma concentration. 2. Intellectual workers frequently supplement magnesium. 3. Smoking cigarettes decreases plasma magnesium concentration

Kemampuan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal-soal Uraian Terstruktur Pokok Bahasan Teori Kinetik Gas

"> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) kemampuan kognitif yang dilihat dari hasil belajar peserta didik yang kelas XI MAN Model Palangka Raya dalam mengerjakan soal-soal uraian terstruktur pada pokok bahasan Teori Kinetik Gas; dan (2) kesulitan peserta didik dalam mengerjakan soal-soal uraian terstruktur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dalam mengumpulkan datanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen dalam bentuk soal uraian terstruktur. Hasil uji coba soal uraian terstruktur pada kelas XI IA-1 MAN Model Palangka Raya mendapatkan tingkat validitas rata-rata 0,536 dan tingkat reliabilitas soal 0,539 dengan kategori cukup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) peserta didik yang mampu dan tidak mengalami masalah dalam mengerjakan soal-soal uraian terstruktur berjumlah 18 peserta didik dan 12 peserta didik tidak mampu dan mengalami masalah dalam mengerjakan soal-soal uraian terstruktur. Peserta didik yang mampu mengerjakan soal-soal uraian terstruktur memiliki ketuntasan belajar ≥ batas KKM, yaitu 60% (2) kesulitan peserta didik dalam mengerjakan soal-soal uraian terstruktur terdapat pada penyebutan dan penulisan satuan besaran pada jawaban dengan persentase kesulitan 36,7%, penguasaan operasi hitungan denganpersentase kesulitan 31,4% dan penulisan besaran yang ditanya dalam soal dengan persentase kesulitan 28,6%

Soluble insulin analogs combining rapid- and long-acting hypoglycemic properties – From an efficient <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> expression system to a pharmaceutical formulation - Fig 4

<p><b>a-d. The influence of multiple dose administration of tested insulin analogs (GKR, GEKR, SR and AKR) positive (insulin glargine or insulin detemir) and negative (0.9% NaCl) controls on glucose concentration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, together with the period after termination of analogs administration. Mean glycemia (± SEM).</b> Star–statistical significance (p<0.05) confirmed in a Newman-Keuls between one of the tested groups (GKR, GEKR, SR or AKR) and a negative control group (0.9% NaCl) at the individual sampling time point. Diamond–statistical significance (p<0.05), confirmed in a Newman-Keuls test during the administration period or in a t-test after stopping insulin administration, between one of the tested groups (GKR, GEKR, SR or AKR) and a positive control (insulin glargine or detemir) at the individual sampling time point. N–Number of tested animals per group.</p

Low Blood-As Levels and Selected Genotypes Appears to Be Promising Biomarkers for Occurrence of Colorectal Cancer in Women

In following study we examined whether blood arsenic (As) levels combined with specific polymorphisms in MT1B, GSTP1, ABCB1, NQO1, CRTC3, GPX1, SOD2, CAT, XRCC1, ERCC2 can be used as a marker for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) among Polish women. A retrospective case-control study of CRC included 83 CRC cases and 78 healthy controls. From each study participant pre-treatment peripheral blood was collected for As level measurement by inductively coupled–plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of the association between blood-As levels and CRC using multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. A low blood-As level (0.27–0.67 µg/L) was associated with an increased frequency of CRC (OR: 3.69; p = 0.005). This correlation was significantly greater when participants carried particular gene variants: CAT, rs1001179-nonCC (OR: 19.4; p = 0.001); ABCB1 rs2032582–CC (OR: 14.8; p = 0.024); GPX1 rs1050450-CC (OR: 11.6; p = 0.002) and CRTC3 rs12915189-nonGG (OR: 10.3; p = 0.003). Our study provides strong evidence that low blood-As levels are significantly associated with increased CRC occurrence and that particular gene variants significantly enhanced this correlation however, due to the novelty of these findings, we suggest further validation before a definitive statement that the combined effect of low blood-As levels with specific gene polymorphisms is a suitable CRC biomarker

The construction scheme for the expression plasmid pIBAINS.

<p>The resulting expression plasmid pIBAINS contains a hybrid protein SOD::INS gene under the control of the <i>deoP1P2</i> promoter. Abbreviations used: Amp^R, ampicillin resistant; Tet^R, tetracycline resistant; trpA—transcription terminator trpA; SOD, superoxide dismutase gene; A chain, B chain—chains of human insulin gene; ORI, replication origin.</p

Physicochemical properties of insulin analogs.

<p>Physicochemical properties of insulin analogs.</p

Chemical stability of drug product of insulin analogs during storage at 37°C: Formation of covalent dimers and polymers (content of covalent dimers and polymers in total).

<p>Chemical stability of drug product of insulin analogs during storage at 37°C: Formation of covalent dimers and polymers (content of covalent dimers and polymers in total).</p

Nucleotide sequences of primers used for the point mutagenesis reaction.

<p>Nucleotide sequences of primers used for the point mutagenesis reaction.</p