Dairy Market Participation with Endogenous Livestock Ownership: Evidence from Cote d'Ivoire

This study evaluates determinants of dairy market participation by agricultural households in Cote dIvoire by using the Heckman selection model to correct for endogenous cattle ownership. A key result is that ignoring the population of non-owners biases estimates of market participation parameters. These findings are important in light of the widespread application of livestock market participation analyses that assume cattle ownership is exogeneous.Cote dIvoire, dairy, endogenous adoption, Heckman selection model, market participation, Livestock Production/Industries,

Modified Circular Cylinder Fin

In this work the influence of bores along circular cylinder and its rotation with respect to free stream on heat transfer rate was carried out experimentally. Three types of hollow cylinder were presented. The first one is hollow with inside diameter 15.3 mm and outside diameter 23mm. While, both the second and third cylinders have the same inside and outside diameter and provided two bores for each one with diameters 6.3 mm for the second cylinder  and 7.6mm for the third one. The second and third cylinders rotate with respect to free stream at angles of (0o, 30o and 60o). The free stream behaviors were observed using the smoke wind tunnel incense. Moreover, the periodic heat source was applied on these three cylinders and the temperature distributions were measured using digital thermometer. Three magnitudes of air flow velocities were presented (1.4 m/s, 1.7 m/s and 2.45 m/s) in experimental work. ANSYS software was used to predict the pressure and velocity distribution adhere the cylinder wall at maximum flow velocity (2.45 m/s). These distributions of pressure and velocity recognize the separation angles and benefit to reveal the residual mass flow inside the hollow puncher cylinder for each step. Also, the separation angles that detected depend on ANSYS program was used to quantify the average Nusselt number. The results show that the bores will increase the heat transfer dispersion especially at rotation angle 30o. Moreover, the amount of residual mass flow inside the hollow puncher cylinder is the important parameter that used to increase the efficiency of heat dissipation. Besides, the bore with cylinder rotation angle larger than 0o help to prevent boundary layer to be separated and kept longer attaches. Keywords: circular cylinder, holes, separation flow, heat transfer, convection, ANSYS simulation

Promoting participation of agricultural households in the milk market: evidence from northern Cote d’Ivoire

Increased participation in agricultural markets may alleviate poverty among rural households in Africa. Thus, understanding the determinants of market participation is important for the design and evaluation of development policies. The study described in this brief makes an institutional analysis of dairy markets and evaluates determinants of dairy market participation by agricultural households in Côte d’Ivoire. Results can be used to draw policy recommendations that take into account a larger population of agricultural households. For example, the implications of higher market prices or lower transactions costs can be evaluated for not only the volume of marketed surplus from existing cattle owners, but also for the propensity of rural households more broadly to adopt livestock. The analysis of rural dairy markets in Côte d’Ivoire also represents a rare look at market participation in West Africa. Market participation has been the focus of several economic studies in East Africa, but very few analyses address the issue of participation in dairy markets in West Africa. Thus, this study provides an empirical analysis of the performance of the rural dairy market in Côte d’Ivoire and derives some implications for public policy in the design and evaluation of dairy market development

Dyslipidemia and its relation with body mass index versus waist hip ratio

To study the magnitude of dyslipidemia in asymptomatic subjects and its relation to body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip-ratio (WHR), 88 subjects attending the health analysis programme were examined and their age, sex, BMI, WHR, fasting blood glucose and lipids were measured. The distribution of the lipid levels and the frequency of dyslipidemia were noted. Forty-eight percent had a total cholesterol of \u3e 200 mg/dl and 50% had an HDL-cholesterol of \u3c 40 mg/dl. On comparing the means of total cholesterol to BMI and WHR, it was found that total cholesterol level was statistically significant for WHR above and below 0.9 for males and 0.8 for females, whereas not so for BMI above and below 27 kg/m2. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in asymptomatic people in this group emphasizes the need for routine health screening for early institution of preventive measures. The correlation with WHR rather than BMI points towards importance of measuring parameters of central obesity rather than body weight and height only

Aplikasi Metode Quality Function Deployment (Qfd) Dalam USAha Memenuhi Kepuasan Konsumen Terhadap Produk Pestisida Pada Pt.abcd

Pesatnya laju pertumbuhan industri pestisida tidak hanya mengakibatkan semakin bervariasinya kebutuhan konsumen, tetapi juga menjadikan semakin tingginya harapan konsumen pada produk pestisida yang berkualitas. Jika Perusahaan tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen, akan muncul masalah ketidakpuasan pada konsumen. Konsumen yang tidak puas terhadap produk yang dikonsumsinya akan mencari Perusahaan lain yang mampu menyediakan kebutuhannya. PT. ABCD merupakan salah satu Perusahaan pestisida yang terus berupaya memenuhi kepuasan konsumennya dengan produk yang berkualitas. Namun, Kenyataan yang terjadi menunjukkan bahwa hal tersebut belum tercapai, selama 4 tahun berturut-turut telah terjadi peningkatan klaim konsumen dan berakibat pada menurunnya penjualan insektisida X. Oleh karena itu, Perusahaan harus memahami kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen (voice of the customer) dan menterjemahkannya dalam karakteristik teknis (critiqal to satisfied) untuk mencapai kepuasan konsumen. Metode yang tepat untuk mencapai hal tersebut adalah dengan metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Dengan menggunakan metode QFD, dihasilkan 24 atribut insektisida X yang menjadi kebutuhan konsumen dan didominasi pada kebutuhan komponen fungsi (core component). Hasil penelitian terhadap tingkat kepuasan konsumen, menunjukkan bahwa konsumen “kurang puas” pada komponen produk tambahan/pelayanan (augmented product) dan hanya “cukup puas” pada komponen fungsi (core component) serta produk fisik (tangible product) insektisida X saat ini. QFD juga menghasilkan “tingkat efikasi pestisida” sebagai prioritas perbaikan pertama Perusahaan dengan tingkat kepentingan tertinggi yakni 11,691 %

Process optimization and mechanistic studies of lead (II): Aspergillus caespitosus interaction for industrial effluent treatment

The lead (II) accumulation potential of various biosorbent had been widely studied in the last few years, but an outstanding Pb(II) accumulating biomass still seems crucial for bringing the process to a successful application stage. This investigation describes the use of non-living biomass of Aspergillus caespitosus for removal of Pb from Pb(NO3)2 solution in a batch system under different experimental conditions. The highest Pb(II) sorption (351.7 ± 5.7 mg/g biomass) was observed at 600 µg/ml initial Pb concentration. Biosorption data were well defined by pseudo-second order, saturation mixed order and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters: G (303 K), H and S were determined to be 4.64 kJ/mol, 75.4 kJ/mol and 26.2 J/mol-K respectively. The Pb uptake from binary solution was inhibited in the order of copper > nickel > zinc > manganese. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization of Pb biosorption revealed the involvement of –SO3 and –CN groups along with other groups. The biosorbed Pb was stripped out (85.5%) using 0.01 M HCl and about 12% loss in Pb(II) sorption capacity was observed after five sorption-desorption cycles. High Pb (II) uptake (351.7 ± 5.7 mg/g biomass) by A. caespitosus proved it to be an outstanding biomaterial until now reported in literature for accumulating from solutions.Key words: Aspergillus caespitosus, Pb, Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, FTIR, SEM, EDAX

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengaduk Kerupuk Adonan Tipe Horizontal

Dalam proses produksi kerupuk ikan, tahapan pengadukan adonan kerupuk merupakan kegiatan paling membutuhkan daya besar, sehingga banyak produsen atau pengusaha kerupuk melakukan pengadukan dengan menginjak-injak adonan dengan kaki supaya cepat kalis. Cara pengadukan seperti ini tentu berpengaruh pada kehigienisan kerupuk dan apabila dilihat konsumen, akan menurunkan selera dan minat beli. Rancang bangun alat pengaduk adonan kerupuk pada penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada disain yang cocok untuk USAha skala kecil dan menengah yang mudah dalam penggunaan dan perawatan serta murah dalam biaya pengoperasian. Untuk itu penulis melakukan rancang bangun alat pengaduk adonan kerupuk tipe horizontal yang mempermudah pengeluaran adonan setelah kalis dengan kapasitas produksi rata-rata 13,5 kg/jam. Dari hasil analisa kelayakan ekonomi didapatkan biaya tetap Rp.2.179.302,9/tahun, biaya tidak tetap Rp.13.026,9786/jam, biaya pokok pengoperasian mesin Rp.101,50/kg dan break event point 5.368,5kg/tahun