Validity and reliability of external apical root resorption (EARR) measurements: a 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of external apical root resorption (EARR) measurements on commercial and open source software. The data sources were CBCT high volumetric data acquisition from the Malay ethnic group who are undergoing orthodontic treatment in School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. A total of 16 CBCT radiograph with 512 variables were measured using the Planmeca Romexis TM Software 2.3.1.R (Helsinki, Finland) and 3D Slicer v. 4.8.1 (open-source software, http://www.slicer.org). Two examiners (A and B) carried out all the measurements of the selected radiographs using the two softwares. Intra class correlation (ICC) coefficient test was applied to check the validity and reliability of EARR measurements. The validity of the 3D EARR measurements from both examiners A and B showed strong correlations. Moreover, ICC co-efficient values of inter examiner A and B were all in the range of strong correlation for EARR measurements in which reliability coefficient values were comparable with the measurements using Planmeca Romexis and 3D Slicer, respectively. All ICC coefficient values were positively correlated. Linear measurements of EARR using 3D CBCT in both commercial and open source software and are valid and reliable

Class III malocclusion: missense mutations in DUSP6 gene

Objective: To determine the DUSP6 gene mutation in three generations of Malaysian Malay subjects having Class III malocclusion. Material and Methods: Genetic analyses of DUSP6 gene were carried out in 30 subjects by selecting three individuals representing three generations, respectively, from ten Malaysian Malay families having Class III malocclusion and 30 healthy controls. They were submitted Clinical Evaluation to clinical examination, lateral cephalometric radiographs, dental casts, and/ or facial and intra-oral photographs. Buccal cell was taken from each participant of Class III malocclusion and control groups. DNA extractions from buccal cell were carried out using Gentra puregene buccal cell kit. Bio Edit Sequence Alignment Editor software was used to see the sequencing result. Results: A heterozygous missense mutation c.1094C>T (p. Thr 365 Ile) was identified in DUSP6 gene in three members of one family with Class III malocclusion, whereas no mutation was found in the control group. Conclusion: Current study successfully identified a missense mutation in DUSP6 gene among one Malaysian Malay family affected by Class III malocclusion. The outcome of this study broadened the mutation spectrum of Class III malocclusion and the importance of DUSP6 gene in skeletal functions

Relationship between levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, age, and gender, with symptoms of depression among patients with thyroid disorders as measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between levels of depression symptoms and age, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and stressful life events of the participants. Method: Patients above 18 years old, with any thyroid disorders, and without psychiatric disorders were included in this study. All participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). The depression symptom score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 9: no depression; between 10 and 13: mild depression; between 14 and 20: moderate depression; between 21 and 27: severe depression, and more than 28: extremely severe depression. Results: The total number of participants in this study was 199. There was no correlation between age, thyroid stimulating hormone, and the DASS score. There was also no significant difference in the DASS-21 score between genders. However, there was a positive correlation between depression symptoms and stressful life events (r = 0.201, n = 199, p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings would suggest that increased depression symptom scores correlate with increased stressful life events. A larger study should be undertaken to confirm these findings

External Apical Root Resorption and IL-1A, IL-1RN Gene Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Objective: To reconnoiter the IL-1A (-889) and IL-1RN (+2018) gene polymorphisms and their association with EARR. Material and Methods: The Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus databases were comprehensively searched by two independent reviewers. In addition, the bibliographies of all relevant publications and textbooks were searched manually. A meta-analysis was performed using data available up to May 9, 2020. Results: A total of 13 and 9 publications were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively for both IL-1A and IL-1RN genes. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association of the gene polymorphism and the risk of EARR. The risk of EARR was estimated using the overall OR from the published studies. No association was found for IL-1A gene for the risk of EARR. However, the dominant and co-dominant models of IL-1RN gene polymorphism were associated with the risk of EARR. Conclusion: More studies are warranted to determine the relationship between IL-1A and IL-1RN gene polymorphisms and EARR for a clearer understanding of their interactions

External Apical Root Resorption and IL-1A, IL-1RN Gene Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Objective: To reconnoiter the IL-1A (-889) and IL-1RN (+2018) gene polymorphisms and their association with EARR. Material and Methods: The Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus databases were comprehensively searched by two independent reviewers. In addition, the bibliographies of all relevant publications and textbooks were searched manually. A meta-analysis was performed using data available up to May 9, 2020. Results: A total of 13 and 9 publications were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively for both IL-1A and IL-1RN genes. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association of the gene polymorphism and the risk of EARR. The risk of EARR was estimated using the overall OR from the published studies. No association was found for IL-1A gene for the risk of EARR. However, the dominant and co-dominant models of IL-1RN gene polymorphism were associated with the risk of EARR. Conclusion: More studies are warranted to determine the relationship between IL-1A and IL-1RN gene polymorphisms and EARR for a clearer understanding of their interactions

Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells on Chitosan-Skin Engineered Template in Vitro

Hair follicles repeatedly regress and reconstitute themselves, suggesting the presence of intrinsic tissue stem cells. Among the unique characteristics of adult stem cells isolated from hair follicles is their ability to differentiate into keratinocytes. Study on chitosan skin-engineered templates (SETs) as scaffolds for the proliferation of human fibroblasts have shown the promise of SETs in facilitating skin cell growth in three-dimensional culture. High proliferation in three-dimensional culture using human cells allows the researcher to extensively evaluate the cultivation of desirable cell types on chitosan SETs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro attachment, proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) on a chitosan SETs. HFSCs were isolated from human scalp tissues using collagenase type I prior to propagation in supplemented CnT-07 media. The phenotype of the HFSCs was verified using the markers keratin-15 (K15) and CD200, as detected by immunocytochemical staining. The attachment and proliferation of the HFSCs on the chitosan SETs were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an alamar blue assay and a live/dead assay. Subsequently, the HFSCs were differentiated using CnT-2D differentiation media. The cells’ differentiation was verified using the markers involucrin and keratin-6 (K6), as detected by immunofluorescence staining. The HFSCs were successfully isolated, proliferated and differentiated according to staining positivity and microscopy imaging. HFSCs are able to proliferate and directly differentiate into keratinocytes on a chitosan SETs, which may facilitate their use in regenerative medicine

Preparation of zinc layered hydroxides-cinnamaldehyde nanocomposites and its physico-chemical study

Cinnamaldehyde (CINN) is an organic guest anion, the main constituent of cinnamon oil was intercalated into zinc layered hydroxides (ZLHs) by ion exchange method. CINN has been reported can killed mosquito larvae. The powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) indicates a successful intercalation of CINN into the interlayer galleries of ZLHs matrix when 1.0 g of ZnO with 0.08M of CINN was used forming zinc layered hydroxides-cinnamaldehyde (ZCINN) exhibiting basal spacing expansion, 21.2Å. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results supported and confirmed the intercalation of CINN as both ZnO and CINN functional groups appeared in ZCINN spectrum. The thermal stability property of the ZCINN was enhanced as compared to the anion, CINN. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image of ZnO showed a nonuniform granular-like structure transforming into flaky structure with various sizes after intercalation of CINN took place. These results indicate that it is possible to design and develop the nanocomposites containing larvicide for further investigations

Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells on Chitosan-Skin Engineered Template in Vitro

Hair follicles repeatedly regress and reconstitute themselves, suggesting the presence of intrinsic tissue stem cells. Among the unique characteristics of adult stem cells isolated from hair follicles is their ability to differentiate into keratinocytes. Study on chitosan skin-engineered templates (SETs) as scaffolds for the proliferation of human fibroblasts have shown the promise of SETs in facilitating skin cell growth in three-dimensional culture. High proliferation in three-dimensional culture using human cells allows the researcher to extensively evaluate the cultivation of desirable cell types on chitosan SETs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro attachment, proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) on a chitosan SETs. HFSCs were isolated from human scalp tissues using collagenase type I prior to propagation in supplemented CnT-07 media. The phenotype of the HFSCs was verified using the markers keratin-15 (K15) and CD200, as detected by immunocytochemical staining. The attachment and proliferation of the HFSCs on the chitosan SETs were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an alamar blue assay and a live/dead assay. Subsequently, the HFSCs were differentiated using CnT-2D differentiation media. The cells’ differentiation was verified using the markers involucrin and keratin-6 (K6), as detected by immunofluorescence staining. The HFSCs were successfully isolated, proliferated and differentiated according to staining positivity and microscopy imaging. HFSCs are able to proliferate and directly differentiate into keratinocytes on a chitosan SETs, which may facilitate their use in regenerative medicine

Investigation of the role of the X-linked opitz syndrome gene, MID1, in craniofacial development / Saidi Jaafar.

"July 2005"Bibliography: leaves 113-122.[12], 122 leaves : ill. (some col.), plates (some col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dental School and School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Discipline of Physiology, 200

Physico-mechanical properties of kenaf pulp cellulose membrane cross-linked with glyoxal

Cellulose was extracted from kenaf core pulp (KCP) by a series of bleaching processes (D) and alkali treatment (E) in the sequence of (DEED) and pretreated with acid hydrolysis in room temperature for 6 hours. The pretreated and nontreated cellulose were dissolved in lithium hydroxide/urea (LiOH/urea) and subsequently used to produce cellulose membrane cross linked with various percentages of glyoxal from 2.5 to 20%. The effects of acid hydrolysis pretreatment on solubility, crystallinity and morphology were investigated. The acid hydrolysis pretreatment leads to higher solubility of the cellulose solution. The formation of cellulose II and crystallinity index of the cellulose membrane were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cellulose membrane without acid hydrolysis pretreatment cross linked with higher percentage of glyoxal has higher tensile strength compared with the treated cellulose