Stabilisation of rice husk ash for use as cushion below foundations on expansive soils

Placing a cushion between the expansive soil and the foundation is an attractive proposal for overcoming the problems associated with construction of structures over expansive soils such as Indian black cotton soil. Extensive studies on cohesive non-swelling soil as a cushion have shown that it is ineffective over cycles of swelling and shrinkage of soil. The present paper explores the possibility of using rice husk ash (RHA) as a cushion. It was found that RHA stabilised with 3–9% of lime (LSR) or 10% of cement (CSR) and cured for about a week develops the properties required for an effective cushion material. Stabilised RHA reduces the bandwidth of vertical movements in expansive soil not only during the first cycle of swelling but also during subsequent cycles of swelling and shrinkage. The reduction increases with the thickness of the cushion. However, it is found that the middle level between the equilibrium swollen and equilibrium shrunken levels, called the operating level, decreases with the use of LSR/CSR as a cushion. LSR is more effective than CSR

Pinch, Burn, Cut Parathyroid-sparing Thyroidectomy Saves Recurrent and Superior Laryngeal Nerves (Conventional, PBC and Harmonic Scalpel Techniques Compared)

ABSTRACT Introduction Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) have been and continue to be the Achilles tendon of thyroidectomy. Many anatomical landmarks described and taught. How to cite this article Prasad RG, Rao JVS, Hameed MAR. Pinch, Burn, Cut Parathyroid-sparing Thyroidectomy Saves Recurrent and Superior Laryngeal Nerves (Conventional, PBC and Harmonic Scalpel Techniques Compared). Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(2):48-52. </jats:sec

Giant Thoracocervical Lymphangioma with Multivisceral Involvement: A Different Concept

ABSTRACT Background Lymphangiomas are benign lymphatic malformations frequently seen in head and neck region. Most reported cases are cervical lesions with mediastinal extension.1,2 Most are conceived as due to failure of fetal lymph sacs. Synchronous or metachronus lymphangiomatosis with cystic hygroma of the neck is also reported.3 Case details Massive multicompartmental mediastinal lymphangioma with cervical extension and concomitant visceral involvement is presented. It is proposed as a hamartomatous tumor rather than malunion of fetal jugular lymphatic sacs.2 Solid intrathoracic component with cystic neck extension supports mediastinal origin. Cell culture lines at 4 months were positive for endothelial cell lines positive for factor VIII antigen. Conclusion Giant thoracocervical lymphangioma is more likely to be a tumor rather than simple fetal failure of lymphatic sac fusion. Surgical excision is curative. How to cite this article Prasad GR, Nori M, Naseeruddin MD Rao JVS, Quadri SS. Giant Thoracocervical Lymphangioma with Multivisceral Involvement: A Different Concept. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(2):63-66. </jats:sec