Re-Politicization of Teacher Education in Post-Pandemic Times: A View From The South

Our role as teacher educators implies questioning more than our actions inside the classroom, especially during a crisis like the one that our country and the world are currently experiencing. In October 2019, Chile awoke with a student revolt that extended nationally. After this, the COVID-19 epidemic also altered Chile's political and socioeconomic landscape. Rethinking the role of teachers in a new scenery is an issue that we address as a team of academics working on teacher education. It’s a two-pronged approach: First, we look back to observe the depoliticization of teachers and society in a neoliberal context; and second, we look forward to the issues we see in this process of post-pandemic change and Chile’s new Constitution. In the end, we connect with other components that we think are critical to re-politicizing teacher education

Identificación de patrones estructurales que participan en la función de la enzima PLpro de SARS-CoV y SARS-CoV2

58 p.Las infecciones zoonóticas por coronavirus (CoV) representan una gran amenaza para los humanos, ya que este tipo de virus posee la capacidad de adaptarse a nuevos entornos mediante la mutación y la recombinación genética. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha entregado indicios de la letalidad que puede alcanzar este tipo de agentes patógenos, impulsando así una gran cantidad de estudios e investigaciones orientadas a la obtención de diversas terapias, ya sea con fármacos o vacunas para combatir los efectos que provocan los coronavirus. Las principales investigaciones apuntan a atacar directamente al virus, buscando interrumpir pasos claves del mecanismo viral, como lo son la escisión de proteínas no estructurales (NSP) y la deubiquitinación. Estas etapas son mediadas por PLpro, que es una de las dos proteasas que se encargan de la replicación del coronavirus. A pesar de que se ha reportado una gran cantidad de compuestos inhibitorios de la PLpro, la información que se posee actualmente, de los mejores candidatos, es bastante limitada, ya que en su gran mayoría se desprende de los datos obtenidos de las estructuras cristalizadas. Para poder contribuir a enriquecer la información estructural existente, se utilizaron métodos de modelado y simulación molecular, que permitieron observar la evolución dinámica de complejos moleculares enfocados al estudio de las proteasas PLpro pertenecientes a SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2. Ambas proteínas fueron analizadas frente a un conjunto de inhibidores diversos estructuralmente mediante análisis comparativos, como RMSD, RMSF, Interaction Fingerprint y Clustering, todo esto con el objetivo de encontrar patrones estructurales que muestran similitudes y diferencias entre las interacciones proteína-ligando. Se ha encontrado una estructura representativa de la proteasa, donde los residuos que aportan la similitud conformacional para SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2 resultan ser Asp165/164, Pro249/248, Tyr265/264 y Thr302/301. Por otro lado, quienes aportan el grado de variabilidad estructural en el sitio de unión para la interacción con inhibidores son los residuos Tyr269/268, Gln270/269 y Leu163/162. // ABSTRACT: Zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) infections represent a great threat to humans, as this type of virus has the ability to adapt to new environments through mutation and genetic recombination. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the lethality that this type of pathogen can reach, thus promoting a large number of studies and research aimed at obtaining various therapies, either with drugs or vaccines to combat the effects caused by coronaviruses. The main research aims at directly attacking the virus, seeking to interrupt key steps of the viral mechanism, such as the cleavage of non-structural proteins (NSP) and deubiquitination. These steps are mediated by PLpro, which is one of the two proteases responsible for coronavirus replication. Although a large number of PLpro inhibitory compounds have been reported, the information currently available on the best candidates is rather limited, as it is mostly derived from data obtained from crystallized structures. To contribute to enrich the existing structural information, molecular modeling and simulation methods were used to observe the dynamic evolution of molecular complexes focused on the study of PLpro proteases belonging to SARSCoV- 1 and SARS-CoV-2. Both proteins were analyzed against a set of structurally diverse inhibitors by comparative analyses, such as RMSD, RMSF, interaction fingerprinting and clustering, with the aim of finding structural patterns that show similarities and differences between protein-ligand interactions. A representative protease structure has been found, where the residues providing conformational similarity for SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are Asp165/164, Pro249/248, Tyr265/264 and Thr302/301. On the other hand, residues Tyr269/268, Gln270/269 and Leu163/162 provide the degree of structural variability in the binding site for interaction with inhibitors

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing the impact of probiotic supplementation on antibiotic induced changes in the gut microbiome

The human gut microbiome, crucial for health, can be disrupted by antibiotic treatment, leading to various health issues and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigates the impact of a probiotic on the gut microbiome’s composition and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) content following antibiotic treatment. Conducted as a single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adults taking oral antibiotics were allocated into a probiotic or placebo group. Evaluations included viable cell enumeration and shotgun metagenomic sequencing for microbiome analysis, along with ARG assessment. The probiotic maintained the numbers of lactobacilli, significantly increased the Bacteroides population and decreased numbers of enterobacteria. The lactobacilli and enterococci numbers decreased in the placebo. The alpha diversity remained stable in the probiotic group throughout the study, but significant reductions were observed in the placebo group post antibiotic treatment. There was significant spatial separation in beta diversities between groups at the end of the study. Compared to baseline levels, there was a significant reduction in the abundance of ARGs in the probiotic group at the end of the study, while ARG abundance in the placebo group was comparable with baseline levels at the end of the study. Co-occurrence network analysis observed consistent betweenness centrality and node degree within group in the probiotic group whereas scores decreased in the placebo group. This study suggests that the probiotic may minimize the disruption of antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiome by preserving microbial diversity and reducing ARG abundance

Los cultivos de pinos en España. Interés económico e impacto ambiental

El género Pinus es un extenso género de coníferas que se distribuye de manera natural, fundamentalmente, por el hemisferio norte. Además del relevante papel que desempeñan en muchos ecosistemas naturales de una parte considerable del mundo, las plantaciones de algunas especies de Pinus se extienden por todos los continentes (excepto la Antártida), a causa del interés económico de los productos que se obtienen de ellas, y provocan un impacto significativo sobre los hábitats naturales. En este trabajo se consideran estos dos últimos aspectos, poniendo un énfasis especial en el territorio español, ya que las especies de este género están presentes prácticamente por toda la geografía española. En este territorio se encuentran varias especies, cada con una distribución diferente, que son utilizadas en cultivos para la obtención de madera, resina, piñones, biomasa y metabolitos secundarios, siendo cada uno de estos productos, significativamente importantes para la economía española, pero también con un considerable impacto en el medio natural.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Farmaci

Envases flexibles plásticos: uso y aplicación en la industria alimentaria

En la actualidad los consumidores están exigiendo más al envase, este ya no sirve como un elemento externo al producto, se le pide al envase que sea capaz de prolongar la vida útil del producto alimenticio e incorporar mayor valor agregado al producto que contiene. En este contexto surgen los envases de barrera (alta, media y baja) y envases inteligentes, dentro de estos conceptos se agrupan a todas aquellas tecnologías que favorecen la interacción envase / alimento, de manera tal que no modifiquen las características del producto alimenticio o, si lo hacen supongan una modificación beneficiosa del mismo. Estas tecnologías incorporan empaques multicapa coextruído, multicapa laminada, empaque para vacío, empaque bajo atmósfera modificada, absorbedores de oxígeno y etileno. En este sentido hay alianzas entre las industrias convertidoras, fabricantes de materias primas y procesadores de alimentos, para obtener envases que cumplan con las exigencias de los consumidores.At the present time, consumers are demanding more from the packaging, so that it no longer serves as an external element to the product, but it is required the packaging be able to raise the shelf life of food product and to incorporate greater added value to the product it contains. In this context, to arise the barrier packaging (high, medium and low) and intelligent packaging, within concept we group all those technologies that favor the interaction between the packaging / food, in such a way that the characteristics of the product are not modified, or if they are, they are supposed to represent a beneficial modification of it. This technologies to incorporate multilayer package, laminate multilayer, vacuum packaging, modified atmosphere packaging, oxygen and ethilene scavengers. In this sense there are alliances between converting industry, raw material manufacturer and food processor, for to obtain packaging that carry out with demandig of consumers

Praksa bodočih učiteljev v zgodnjem otroštvu med pandemijo: pripovedna perspektiva

The Covid-19 pandemic affected teacher education; universities had to adapt quickly through emergency pedagogy. One problem that emerged was the relationship between schools and teacher students. The situation was more critical in early childhood teacher education than in others. The conditions forced them to adjust to the absence of children in the student teachers’ practicum. This article addresses the relational problem in a practicum in early childhood teacher education. Through a narrative inquiry with two early childhood education teacher students, we give an account of learning experiences in different educational spaces. During the analysis, two concepts emerged: ‘the classroom taste’ and ‘presence’ in teacher education. The research allows us to reflect on the essential focus of the practicum in early childhood teacher education from the perspective of these two concepts. (DIPF/Orig.

Profilaxis antibiótica prolongada y el cierre de herida precoz en fracturas expuestas de huesos largos . Resumen SUPPORT de una revisión sistemática rápida Cochrane

Las fracturas expuestas de huesos largos son lesiones de tratamiento complejo con alto riesgo de infección profunda. El tratamiento incluye antibiótico profilaxis, desbridamiento quirúrgico de herida, estabilización de fractura y reconstrucción de defectos de partes blandas con el objetivo de lograr una consolidación ósea libre de infección. Actualmente existe una necesidad de conocer el tiempo de inicio y duración del tratamiento antibiótico además del tiempo y etapas de las intervenciones quirúrgicas para lograr resultados favorables, evitando así las complicaciones asociadas a estas lesiones

Antiangiogenic effect of betamethasone on the chick cam stimulated by TA3 tumor supernatant

Tumor growth is the result of combined cell proliferation overwhelming cell death and neoangiogenesis. This report shows CAM angiogenesis promoted by TA3 tumor supernatant with or without low dosis of betamethasone (Minimal antiangiogenic concentration: ß-MAAC). Methylcellulose discs instilled with 10 µl of ß-MAAC (0.08 µg/ml),10 µl of tumor supernatant(TA3ts),5 µl ß-MAAC + 5 µl TA3ts, and 10 µl of PBS as control were implanted in host chick eggs. On day 12, the grafts were removed, photographed and fixed. Sections were stained in parallel, one and three with hematoxylin-eosin, and section two by the Tunel method. The number of vessels was evaluated in a microscopic field of the CAM (2250 µm2 ). The results show that ß-MAAC produced a significant inhibition of neovascularization in comparison to that observed in controls (P < 0.0025; Student t-Test). Discs instilled with TA3ts produced an intense stimulation of angiogenesis in contrast, when discs were instilled with 5 µl of ß-MAAC + 5 µl of TA3ts the angiogenesis was significantly inhibited (P< 0.001). The results show that effective antiangiogenic doses of betamethasone are in the range of 10-7 M, (probably a genomic mediated action) and that this effect of low concentration may have clinical applications