Having a lot of a good thing: multiple important group memberships as a source of self-esteem.

Copyright: © 2015 Jetten et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedMembership in important social groups can promote a positive identity. We propose and test an identity resource model in which personal self-esteem is boosted by membership in additional important social groups. Belonging to multiple important group memberships predicts personal self-esteem in children (Study 1a), older adults (Study 1b), and former residents of a homeless shelter (Study 1c). Study 2 shows that the effects of multiple important group memberships on personal self-esteem are not reducible to number of interpersonal ties. Studies 3a and 3b provide longitudinal evidence that multiple important group memberships predict personal self-esteem over time. Studies 4 and 5 show that collective self-esteem mediates this effect, suggesting that membership in multiple important groups boosts personal self-esteem because people take pride in, and derive meaning from, important group memberships. Discussion focuses on when and why important group memberships act as a social resource that fuels personal self-esteem.This study was supported by 1. Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100238) awarded to Jolanda Jetten (see http://www.arc.gov.au) 2. Australian Research Council Linkage Grant (LP110200437) to Jolanda Jetten and Genevieve Dingle (see http://www.arc.gov.au) 3. support from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Social Interactions, Identity and Well-Being Program to Nyla Branscombe, S. Alexander Haslam, and Catherine Haslam (see http://www.cifar.ca)

Effect of Fibrin Glue on the Biomechanical Properties of Human Descemet's Membrane

10.1371/journal.pone.0037456PLoS ONE75

Brennstoffeinsparung bei Warmwasserheizanlagen durch Einsatz gasbetriebener Waermepumpen (Gaswaermepumpen) Teilvorhaben Gasmotor. Abschlussbericht. Abschlussdatum: April 1979

SIGLEDEGerman

Race-Ethnic Differences of Sleep Symptoms in an Elderly Multi-Ethnic Cohort: The Northern Manhattan Study

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders are associated with stroke and may vary among elderly Hispanics, Blacks and Whites. We evaluated differences in sleep symptoms by race-ethnicity in an elderly population-based urban community sample. METHODS: Snoring, daytime sleepiness and reported sleep duration were ascertained by standardized interviews as a part of the Northern Manhattan Study, a prospective cohort study of vascular risk factors and stroke risk in a multi-ethnic urban population. Sleep symptoms were compared amongst race-ethnic groups using logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 1,964 stroke-free participants completed sleep questionnaires. The mean age was 75 ± 9 years, with 37% men, with 60% Hispanics, 21% Blacks and 19% Whites. In models adjusted for demographic and vascular risk factors, Hispanics had increased odds of frequent snoring (odds ratio, OR: 3.6, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.3–5.8) and daytime sleepiness (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.5) compared to White participants. Hispanics were more likely to report long sleep (≥9 h of sleep, OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1). There was no difference in sleep symptoms between Black and White participants. CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional analysis among an elderly community cohort, snoring, sleepiness and long sleep duration were more common in Hispanics. Sleep symptoms may be surrogate markers for an underlying sleep disorder which may be associated with an elevated risk of stroke and may be modified by clinical intervention