Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation: Lipid Content And Hepatic Histology In Healthy Wistar Rats [suplementação Com ácido Linoleico Conjugado: Conteúdo De Lípides E Histologia Hepática De Ratos Wistar Saudáveis]

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of the consumption of two commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixtures on lipid content and liver histology of healthy rats. The investigation was carried out using thirty rats divided into three groups: C (control), AE (AdvantEdge®CLA), and CO (CLA One®). The concentration of CLA was 2% of feed consumption, and the animals were supplemented daily for 42 days. The total lipid content of the liver was determined, and the histology of the organ was examined by Transmission Electronic Microscopy. The results of total liver lipid contents did not exhibit significant differences between the groups. With regard to hepatic histology, it was observed that although fat globules were visibly present in higher numbers and bigger size in the CLA groups, the organ histology was considered normal since both cytoplasm and organelles showed integrity. It was concluded that even though liver microscopic images indicated the presence of fat globules in the liver, from a statistical point of view, the supplementation for 42 days did not bring about lipid accumulation, nor did it alter hepatic histology.311141146Adams, L.A., Angulo, P., Lindor, K.D., Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2005) Canadian Medical Association Journal, 172 (7), pp. 899-905Akbiyik, F., Ligand-induced expression of peroxissome proliferators activated receptor α and activation of fatty oxidation enzymes in fatty liver (2004) European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 34 (6), pp. 429-435Akyüz, F., What is the best indicator for evaluating treatment response in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Histology or aminotransferase levels? 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Mayo Clinic experience with a hitherto unnamed disease (1980) Mayo Clinic Procedings, 55 (7), pp. 434-438McArulla, M.T., Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on liver composition and fatty acid oxidation are isomer-dependent in hamster (2005) Nutrition, 21 (4), pp. 512-519Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARα (1999) Journal Lipid Research, 40 (8), pp. 1426-1433Oustrowska, E., Milk conjugated linoleic and trans-vaccenic acids are highest in Spring in grazing cows (2004) Asian Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13 (SUPPL.), pp. S53Pariza, M.W., Effects of temperature and time on mutagen formation in pan-fried hamburger (1979) Cancer Letter, 7 (2-3), p. 63Pariza, M.W., Hargraves, W.A., A beef-derived mutagenesis modulator inhibits initiation of mouse epidermal tumors by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (1985) Carcinogenesis, 6 (4), p. 591Parodi, P.W., Conjugated octadecadienoic acids of milk fat (1977) Journal of Dairy Science, 60 (10), pp. 1550-1553Reeves, P.G., Nielsen, F.H., Fahey Jr., G.C., AIN-93 Purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the Reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet (1993) Journal of Nutrition, 123 (11), pp. 1939-1951Risérus, U., Effects of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflamatory markers in obese men (2004) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80 (2), pp. 279-283Salas-Salvadó, J., Marquez-Sandoval, F., Bulló, M., Conjugated linoleic acid intake in humans: A systematic review focusing on its effects on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism (2006) Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutritio, 46 (6), pp. 479-488Santos-Zago, L.F., Botelho, A.P., Oliveira, A.C., Supplementation with commercial mixtures of conjugated linoleic acid in association with vitamin E and the process of lipid autoxidation in rats (2007) Lipids, 42 (9), pp. 845-854Sato, S., Ultrastructural and morphometric studies of normal rat hepatocytes (2004) Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology, 36 (2), pp. 131-140Sehat, N., Identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in cheese by gas chromatography, silver ion high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral reconstructed ion profiles. Comparison of chromatographic elution sequences (1998) Lipids, 33 (10), pp. 963-971(2003) Institute Project for Windows: User's guide: Statistics, , STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM-SAS, Version 8.0. Cary: USA instVidela, L.A., Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (2004) Clinical Science, 106 (3), pp. 261-268Yamasaki, M., Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Lipid Peroxidation and Histological Change in Rat Liver Tissues (2000) Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 48 (12), pp. 6367-637

Spontaneous eruption of severely impacted teeth : the report of two cases

The unerupted and impacted tooth is a common problem and the reason for many orthodontic and pediatric dental referrals, yet the approach to their management is still an area of controversy. This article presents two cases of severely impacted teeth that spontaneously erupted in the maxillary and mandibular arches. The first patient, a 9-year-old girl, presented a severe impaction of mandibular right and left second premolars. The second patient, a 7-year-old girl, presented with a severely impacted maxillary central incisor. In both cases, the teeth spontaneously erupted into excellent positions without surgical procedures and orthodontic traction. This raises important questions concerning the possible treatment options for such teeth as well as the timing of any interceptive treatment. In cases of unerupted or impacted teeth, a multidisciplinary approach is indicated involving orthodontics, paedodontics and oral surgery to establish the optimal treatment plan

Hygiene and mental health: body care in the clinical intervention in a CAPSI

Objective: report the experience of personal hygiene as an aspect of the clinical intervention in a Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents (CAPSi) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Method: this is a descriptive study, with an experience report design, organized into two moments: at the first, a workshop with guardians was created, consisting of psychologists, nursing teams, pharmacists, physicians, and dental team (the latter two as guests from the primary health center); at the second, problems/limitations were identified, as well as the need for creating strategies that could keep the participation of guardians in the workshops. Results: low adherence of parents was found, leading us to think of other actions more effective. Conclusion: it is hoped that this study can provide significant reflections on strategies for mental health in primary care and contribute to the practice in a CAPSi

Effects of starch sources and processing on nutrient digestibility and ruminal parameters of lactating cows

Cinco vacas holandesas pluríparas, com cânulas no rúmen e no duodeno, foram distribuídas em delineamento de quadrado latino 5 x 5. As vacas foram submetidas a cinco rações experimentais contendo 40% de cana-de-açúcar, 60% de concentrado e cerca de 30% de amido. As rações diferiram quanto ao processamento ou à fonte principal do amido utilizado: milho grosseiramente moído, milho finamente moído, milho floculado a 310g/l, milho floculado a 360g/l ou raspa de mandioca. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) no consumo de matéria seca entre os tratamentos. A digestibilidade ruminal do amido foi maior na ração que continha raspa de mandioca. As digestibilidades ruminal da fibra em detergente neutro e da fibra em detergente ácido não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os dados médios de pH ruminal se mantiveram acima de 6,0, exceto às 2 e às 4h após a alimentação com a dieta que continha raspa de mandioca. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre a concentração de ácidos graxos voláteis totais. O processo de floculação promoveu aumento da digestibilidade do amido do milho, em relação à moagem de forma grosseira. A digestibilidade ruminal do amido presente na raspa de mandioca foi maior do que a do milho, independentemente da forma de processamento utilizada.Five multiparous lactating Holsteins cows, cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum, were used in a 5 x 5 latin square. Cows were fed a 40:60 forage: concentrate diet (40% fresh sugar cane and 60% concentrate). Diets were formulated to have 30% of starch and treatments were starch sources and ration processing forms: cracked corn, finely ground corn, flaked corn at 310g/l, flaked corn at 360g/l, or cassava scrapings. No difference (P>0.05) was observed among treatments for dry matter intake. Starch ruminal digestibility was higher for cassava scrapings treatment. NDF and ADF digestibility were similar among treatments. Average values of ruminal pH were above 6, except at 2 and 4h after feeding the cassava diet. There was no effect of treatment on concentrations of total volatile fatty acids. The flocculation process increased corn starch digestibility. Ruminal degradability of the cassava scrapings starch was higher than corn, without effect of processing form