Julian C. Mosley, Jr. Oral History

An interview of the Washington University Medical Center Desegregation History Project, conducted by Edwin W. McCleskey and associates, 1990. Approximate Length: 57 minutes. Julian Mosley, the second Black student to graduate from Washington University School of Medicine, discusses his experiences as a student in the 1960s and recruitment strategies and programs for students from minority groups. He begins by explaining why he decided to come to Washington University. He discusses the other Black students in his class and his efforts to recruit more Black students to the medical school. Mosley also discusses the work of Robert Lee as Assistant Dean for Minority Student Affairs and his success at recruiting students. He addresses specific efforts on the part of Lee, other students, and the university that supported minority students, including tutoring and individualized programs. Mosley next discusses the Wessler Committee and later, their recommendations. He addresses the lack of Black professors at Washington University and at the medical school, and the lack of Black students in the residency programs. He also discusses the effects of the Supreme Court case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke on minority student recruitment. He discusses his experience with integration in high school in East St. Louis, in the Air Force Academy, and at Washington University, and his experiences with professional societies and student medical associations and programs. Lastly, Mosley explains what he believes needs to be done to recruit more Black graduate students and faculty, and gives his thoughts for the future

Ethnicity, Place, and Policy: The Relationship to Childhood Obesity

Poster presentation of issues surrounding childhood obesity related to race, ethnicity, and public policy

A Meta-analysis of Missouri Drug Court Performance Measures

The first Missouri drug court was established in the early 1990s to focus the state's effort towards treatment and other alternatives to incarceration and probation. Drug courts are popular and the number of such courts, now nearly 100, continues to expand. This report is part of an effort to assess how Missouri's drug courts are faring in comparison to those of other states. This analysis uses published reports and studies on the performance and cost of drug courts in Missouri and elsewhere to assess how Missouri's success compares to the experiences of other states. This report is based upon a larger assessment of Missouri drug courts conducted in 2005 for the Missouri Office of State Courts Administrator (Richardson et al., 2005). The data used in the analysis are from a 2001 study by the University of Missouri School of Social Work (UMSSW) that evaluated outcomes of Missouri drug courts (Sundet, Dannerbeck, & Lloyd, 2001). Data were collected on 14 courts around Missouri (10 adult courts, 3 juvenile courts and 1 family court) and measured graduate recidivism, participant retention, cost/benefit of participation, as well as various participant demographics. The studies of drug courts in other states, reviewed for comparison, were published between 1998 and 2005.Includes bibliographical reference

Stress and Headache.

Stress is the most frequently cited precipitant of both migraine and muscle-contraction headache. Although stress is thought to play a causal role in the etiology of headache, past research has relied solely on cross-sectional designs and between-subjects data analytic techniques, thus severely restricting conclusions regarding causality and obscuring potentially meaningful individual variability. The present investigation provided a partial replication and extension of prior research on the relation between minor stress and headache and attempted to redress a number of prior methodological shortcomings. A longitudinal design and within subject, lagged, time-series regression analyses were employed. Migraine (n = 26) and muscle-contraction (n = 20) headache sufferers recorded their stress, headache activity, and medication intake daily for 31 days. Both frequency and subjective ratings of stressful events were found to be significantly predictive of headache intensity, headache duration, and headache index for many muscle-contraction (55 to 70%) and migraine (39 to 46%) headache sufferers. However, subjective ratings of stressful events correlated more strongly with headache activity than frequency. The magnitude of stress-headache associations varied broadly across individuals. Social support appeared to account for at least some of this variability; patients reporting the lowest levels of support evidenced the highest stress-headache associations and patients reporting the highest levels of support evidenced the lowest stress-headache associations, suggesting that social support may provide some protection against the negative effects of stress. Diagnostic group differences were observed with respect to the predominant temporal relation between stress and headache. For muscle-contraction headache sufferers, headache activity was best predicted by stress occurring concurrently with headache, but for migraineurs, headache activity was best predicted by stress that occurred one to three days earlier. Muscle-contraction headache sufferers also obtained larger stress-headache correlations than migraineurs. Finally, no differences were found between the headache diagnostic groups or between headache sufferers and headache-free controls in the number or subjective ratings of stressful events. The findings of the present study appear to support either a model of stress causing exacerbation of headache or a model of reciprocal causality. Implications for treatment and directions for future research were discussed

Morphologic adjustments of actively evolving highly curved neck cutoffs

Neck cutoffs and their resultant oxbow lakes are important and prominent features of riverine landscapes. Detailed field-based research focusing on the morphologic evolution of neck cutoffs is currently insufficient to fully characterize cutoff evolution. High-resolution bathymetric data were collected over 3 years for the purpose of determining channel morphology and morphologic change on three actively evolving neck cutoffs. Results indicate the following general trends in morphologic adjustment: (1) a longitudinal bar in the upstream meander limb that develops near the entrance to the abandoned bend; (2) a deep scour hole in the downstream meander limb immediately downstream of the cutoff channel; (3) erosion of the bank opposite the cutoff in the downstream meander limb; (4) a cutoff bar in the downstream meander limb at the junction corner of the cutoff channel and the downstream meander limb; and (5) perching of the exit of the abandoned bend above the cutoff channel due to channel bed incision. The results presented herein were used to develop a conceptual model that depicts the morphologic evolution of highly curving neck cutoffs. The findings of this research are combined with recent analyses of the three-dimensional flow structure through neck cutoffs to provide a mechanistic explanation for the morphodynamics of neck cutoffs. (c) 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Transient peak-strain matching partially recovers the age-impaired mechanoadaptive cortical bone response

Mechanoadaptation maintains bone mass and architecture; its failure underlies age-related decline in bone strength. It is unclear whether this is due to failure of osteocytes to sense strain, osteoblasts to form bone or insufficient mechanical stimulus. Mechanoadaptation can be restored to aged bone by surgical neurectomy, suggesting that changes in loading history can rescue mechanoadaptation. We use non-biased, whole-bone tibial analyses, along with characterisation of surface strains and ensuing mechanoadaptive responses in mice at a range of ages, to explore whether sufficient load magnitude can activate mechanoadaptation in aged bone. We find that younger mice adapt when imposed strains are lower than in mature and aged bone. Intriguingly, imposition of short-term, high magnitude loading effectively primes cortical but not trabecular bone of aged mice to respond. This response was regionally-matched to highest strains measured by digital image correlation and to osteocytic mechanoactivation. These data indicate that aged bone’s loading response can be partially recovered, non-invasively by transient, focal high strain regions. Our results indicate that old murine bone does respond to load when the loading is of sufficient magnitude, and bones’ age-related adaptation failure may be due to insufficient mechanical stimulus to trigger mechanoadaptation