Factors Affecting Loads at Hypersonic Speeds

Factors affecting loads at hypersonic speed

Fauna of the Three Forks Formation in Montana

The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the fauna, correlate it with that of the Upper Devonian of other states, to note the geographic distribution, lithologic variations of outcrops, and to compare measured cross sections

Time-dependent efficiency measurements of polymer solar cells with dye additives: unexpected initial increase of efficiency

We report the effects of the addition of two azo-dye additives on the time-dependent efficiency of polymer solar cells. Although the maximum efficiencies of devices containing different amounts of dye do not vary greatly over the selected concentration range, the time dependence results reveal a surprising initial increase in efficiency in some samples. We observe this effect to be correlated with a leakage current, although a specific mechanism is not yet identified. We also present the measured lifetimes of these solar cells, and find that variations in dye concentrations produce a small effect at most. Characterization of the bulk heterojunction layer (active layer) morphology using atomic-force microscope (AFM) imaging reveals reordering patterns which suggest that the primary effects of the dyes arise via structural, not absorptive, characteristics

Systems biological and mechanistic modelling of radiation-induced cancer

This paper summarises the five presentations at the First International Workshop on Systems Radiation Biology that were concerned with mechanistic models for carcinogenesis. The mathematical description of various hypotheses about the carcinogenic process, and its comparison with available data is an example of systems biology. It promises better understanding of effects at the whole body level based on properties of cells and signalling mechanisms between them. Of these five presentations, three dealt with multistage carcinogenesis within the framework of stochastic multistage clonal expansion models, another presented a deterministic multistage model incorporating chromosomal aberrations and neoplastic transformation, and the last presented a model of DNA double-strand break repair pathways for second breast cancers following radiation therapy

The Santa Rosa – Geysers recharge project, Geysers geothermal field

ABSTRACT The Santa Rosa -Geysers Recharge Project (SRGRP) is a public-private collaboration that is bringing 42,000 m 3 per day of tertiary-treated municipal wastewater via a 65-km pipeline for injection at the 750-mw Calpine portion of the Geysers geothermal field. Since start-up in November 2003, over 11 million m 3 have been delivered and injected, as of August 31, 2004. This amounts to a 40% increase over pre-SRGRP injection rates. Reservoir modeling and experience with previous injection suggest that incremental steam production derived from the SRGRP injection will gradually increase and peak after three years at approximately 42% of the mass injection rate, yielding 85 gross mw, or 76 mw net of the 9 mw used to pump the wastewater to the injection wells. The benefit is calculated relative to the declining fieldwide production trend that would be expected without SRGRP. Early results are consistent with this projection, indicating a net benefit of approximately 16 mw after eight months of SRGRP injection (relative to the projected generation trend without SRGRP). Initial results from a tracer study showed recovery of 10% of the injected tritium slug within an eleven-week sample window. Analyses of non-condensible gases (NCG) in produced steam shows concentrations decreasing by as much as 70% in production wells in the high-NCG northwestern portion of the field. The project Environmental Impact Report (EIR) studied the possibility of increased seismicity induced by the increased injection. The study concluded that the effects on nearby residents would be "less than significant", because the induced seismicity is almost entirely in the form of microearthquakes that are detected by seismological instruments but not felt by people. After ten months of SRGRP operation, the results have been consistent with the EIR projections. Activity in the magnitude range 1.5 to 3.0 is up 29% compared with pre-SRGRP seismicity, but there has actually been a slight decrease in the occurrence rates of earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 and greater

The Population Impact of a Large School-Based Influenza Vaccination Campaign

The optimal vaccination strategy to mitigate the impact of influenza epidemics is unclear. In 2005, a countywide school-based influenza vaccination campaign was launched in Knox County, Tennessee (population 385,899). Approximately 41% and 48% of eligible county children aged 5-17 years were immunized with live attenuated influenza vaccine before the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 influenza seasons, respectively. We sought to determine the population impact of this campaign.Laboratory-confirmed influenza data defined influenza seasons. We calculated the incidence of medically attended acute respiratory illness attributable to influenza in Knox and Knox-surrounding counties (concurrent controls) during consecutive seasons (5 precampaign and 2 campaign seasons) using negative binomial regression and rate difference methods. Age-stratified analyses compared the incidence of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations attributable to influenza.During precampaign seasons, estimated ED visit rates attributable to influenza were 12.39 (95% CI: 10.34-14.44) per 1000 Knox children aged 5-17 years and similar in Knox-surrounding counties. During the campaign seasons, annual Knox influenza-associated ED visit rates declined relative to rates in Knox-surrounding counties: rate ratios 0.55 (95% CI: 0.27-0.83) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56-0.84) for the first and second campaign seasons, respectively. Overall, there were about 35% or 4.86 per 1000 fewer influenza-associated ED visits among Knox County children aged 5-17 years attributable to the campaign. No significant declines in Knox compared to surrounding counties were detected for influenza associated ED visits in children aged <5 years, all adults combined or selected adult age subgroups, although power for these analyses was limited. Alternate rate-difference analyses yielded consistent results.Vaccination of approximately 45% of Knox school-aged children with influenza vaccine was associated with a 35% annual reduction (4.86 per 1000) in ED visit rates attributable to influenza. Higher vaccination coverage and/or larger studies would be needed to determine whether similar interventions have indirect benefits in other age groups

O Efeito da Sinalização de Qualidade no Contexto de Serviços

Signaling theory states that signals are firms’ actions that communicate information about the quality of a product. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of signal quality in a service context, through the investigation of the signaling effects of price and responsiveness in a service context. Perceived behavior control, regarded as an individual's perception of the ability to perform a behavior, was proposed as a moderator between signaling variables and perceived quality. Two experimental studies with factorial and inter-subject designs were conducted in order to test the hypotheses formulated from the literature review. Results from both experiments show that signaling quality through price and responsiveness can affect perceived quality. The second experiment supports the hypothesis of perceived behavior control moderation between price as a signaling variable and perceived quality, but not between responsiveness and perceived quality. These results and their implications are discussed in the final section of the paper