Dye laser remote sensing of marine plankton

Dye laser, emitting four wavelengths sequentially in time, has been incorporated into helicopter-borne lidar flight package, for performing studies of laser-induced fluorescence of chlorophyll A in algae. Data obtained by multicolor lidar technique can provide water-resource management with rapid-access wide-area coverage of the impact of various environmental factors for any body of water

Laboratory tank studies of a single species of phytoplankton using a remote sensing fluorosensor

Phytoplankton were grown in the laboratory for the purpose of testing a remote fluorosensor. The fluorosensor uses a unique four-wavelength dye laser system to excite phytoplankton bearing chlorophyll and to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence generated by this excitation. Six different species were tested, one at a time, and each was grown two to four times. Fluorescence measured by the fluorosensor provides good quantitative measurement of chlorophyll concentrations for all species tested while the cultures were in log phase growth. Fluorescene cross section ratios obtained in the single species tank tests support the hypothesis that the shape of the fluorescence cross section curve remains constant with the species (differences in fluorescence cross section ratios are a basis for determining composition of phytoplankton according to color group when a multiwavelength source of excitation is used. Linear relationships exist between extracted chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence measured by the remote fluorosensor during the log phase growth of phytoplankton cultures tested

Visible absorbance spectra: A basis for in situ and passive remote sensing of phytoplankton concentration and community composition

The concentration and composition of phytoplankton populations are measured by an optical method which can be used either in situ or remotely. This method is based upon the in vivo light absorption characteristics of phytoplankton. To provide a data base for testing assumptions relative to the proposed method, visible absorbance spectra of pure cultures of 20 marine phytoplankton were obtained under laboratory conditions. Descriptive and analytical statistics were computed for the absorbance spectra and were used to make comparisons between members of major taxonomic groups and between groups. Spectral variation between the members of the major taxonomic groups was observed to be considerably less than the spectral variation between these groups. In several cases the differences between the mean absorbance spectra of major taxonomic groups are significant enough to be detected with passive remote sensing techniques

A Survey of the Influences on Water Conservation Behavior in Pickens and Oconee Counties

Most of the research on water demand management has occurred in the Western U.S, where there has been a serious and extended water crisis. This study examined the relevance of past influences on water conservation behavior in Pickens and Oconee counties, which are politically conservative and have not yet experienced a set of prolonged and sufficiently severe droughts. The survey results demonstrated that variables such as environmental beliefs, local water concern, and local place attachment could result in water conservation behavior in the Southeastern context. Based on this information, the researcher recommends that planners in the region engage their communities and water purveyors in public education efforts focused on the local environmental benefits of conservation, followed by a process of creating new regulations to reduce water consumption

Applications of Solid State Deuterium NMR Spectroscopy.

Solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopic techniques have been applied to a series of organic and organometallic systems. The construction and operation of an ADLF (adiabatic demagnetization in the laboratory frame) spectrometer is described in detail. The instrument has been used to obtain high-field solid-state deuterium NMR spectra for a series of para-substituted phenyl acetic acids which have been deuteriated at the methylene site, as well as d\sb1-napthalene, triphenylphosphonium-(methyl-d\sb3) bromide, and barium chlorate monohydrate (25% deuteriated). The data for the para-substituted phenyl acetic acids show that the two methylene deuterons are inequivalent. This inequivalency is due to the difference in the \sp2H-C\sb1-C\sb2-O torsion angle for the deuterium sites; here C\sb1 refers to the methylene carbon, C\sb2 refers to the carboxylic acid carbon, and O refers to the hydroxyl oxygen. In addition, static values of the deuterium quadrupolar coupling constant and asymmetry parameter have been obtained for (C\sp2H\sb3)(C\sb6H\sb5)\sb3PBr and Ba(ClO\sb3){\cdot}\sp1H\sp2HO, two systems where motional averaging of these two parameter have been previously observed. Conventional high-field solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopy has been applied to three organometallic hydride systems. The spectrum of ((\eta\sp5-C\sb5H\sb5)\sb2Zr(\sp2H)\sb2) \sb{\rm x} is reported; both the terminal and bridging site are observed and have been identified. Variable temperature solid-state deuterium NMR spectra have been acquired for (PPN) \sp+ (\sp2HFe(CO)\sb4) \sp-. The data have been analyzed by lineshape simulations and interpreted in terms of a libration of the Fe-\sp2H bond about the C\sb3 molecular axis of the anion. From an Arrhenius plot, the activation energy of the process is calculated to be 18(2) kJoules/mole. Preliminary results of a solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopic study of two bridging chromium carbonyl complexes and one terminally bonded chromium carbonyl complex are also reported

Analysis of ALOPE data from Superflux

Remote sensing data collected with the airborne lidar oceanographic probing experiment (ALOPE) laser fluorosensor during the Superflux 1 and Superflux 2 experiments were analyzed using two techniques. A qualitative technique which requires no supplementary data provided a near-real-time estimate of relative abundance of the golden-brown and green phytoplankton color groups. Contour plots developed for the later mission are used to demonstrate the utility of this technique. A quantitative technique which requires supplementary data to define the attenuation coefficient provides chlorophyll a concentration by color group. The sum of the golden-brown and green chlorophyll a data yields total chlorophyll a values which may be compared with in situ data. As expected, the golden-brown population was dominant in the Chesapeake Bay and the Bay plume whereas the green population was dominant in shelf waters

First Evidence of a Precessing Jet Excavating a Protostellar Envelope

We present new, sensitive, near-infrared images of the Class I protostar, Elias 29, in the Ophiuchus cloud core. To explore the relationship between the infall envelope and the outflow, narrowband H2 1-0 S(1), Br-gamma, and narrowband K-continuum filters were used to image the source with the Wide-Field Infrared Camera on the Hale 5m telescope and with Persson's Auxiliary Nasmyth Infrared Camera on the Baade 6.5 m telescope. The source appears as a bipolar, scattered light nebula, with a wide opening angle in all filters, as is typical for late-stage protostars. However, the pure H2 emission-line images point to the presence of a heretofore undetected precessing jet. It is argued that high-velocity, narrow, precessing jets provide the mechanism for creating the observed wide-angled outflow cavity in this source.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl

Historical origins of nasa's launch operations center to july 1, 1962

Historical origins of NASA Launch Operations Center to July 1, 196

Spacial distributions of major phytoplankton community components in Narragansett Bay at the peak of the winter-spring bloom

The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton in western Narragansett Bay at the height of the 1978 winter-spring bloom was characterized using data from an airborne fluorosensor to extend in situ point measurements of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton population composition to linear or area coverage...