Production of BRS Itaim cowpea cultivar based on plant population density

Cowpea has great potential for cultivation and rotation in Mato Grosso State and in Brazilian Cerrado due to the large area available in these locations in the off-season. The aim of the current study is to analyze the yield of cowpea  (BRS Itaim cultivar) grown in non-irrigated soil in Sorriso County-MT, based on plant population density. The experiment was carried out in commercial area, on March 8, 2015; it followed a randomized block design, with six population densities and four replicates. Population densities comprising 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, and 280 thousand plants per hectare were used in the experiment. Experimental plots encompassed four 5-meter-long rows with 0.45-meter spacing between them. Final plant stand (plants ha-1), number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, pod length (cm), weight of one hundred grains (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) in the useful plot were evaluated at harvest time. The number of pods per plant has linearly decreased as population density increased. The number of seeds per pod, pod length and weight of one hundred grains did not change due to population density. Population density of 230 thousand plants ha-1 has enabled the highest grain yield under the tested conditions

Adaptability and stability of mungbean genotypes in the Mid-North of Mato Grosso, Brazil

ABSTRACT Evaluation of genotype x environment interactions is essential in plant breeding aimed at adapting crops to new settings. Considering the need for research on the adaptation of mungbean to grain-production regions of Brazil, this study evaluated the agronomic performance, adaptability, and stability of mungbean production in the mid-north of Mato Grosso using different genotypes. Two experiments (with and without fertilizer application) were carried out in Sorriso and Sinop in 2019 and 2020, totaling eight environments. The treatments were 10 mungbean lines and the control cultivar BRSMG Camaleão. In general, significant differences among the treatments were observed in the yield, mass of 100 grains, and value for cultivation. The genotype x environment interactions were significant for yield. On average, the yield was in the range of 734-1305 kg ha-1, the mass of 100 grains was 4.63-6.56 g, and the value for cultivation was 2.08-3.56. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, and BG3 combined high average yield and mass of 100 grains. These genotypes also showed good adaptability for cultivation in the mid-north of Mato Grosso. The yellow seed-coated genotype BRA-084689 also showed good agronomic performance and adaptability. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, BRA-084689, and BG3 are promising for further experiments evaluating the value for cultivation and use, the final breeding stage consisting of tests at a national level

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Recurrent selection in red bean breeding

Este trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de estimar o progresso genético após dois ciclos de seleção recorrente no melhoramento de feijão vermelho e obter linhagens visando à composição dos ensaios de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU) para Minas Gerais, Brasil. A população base foi obtida a partir do cruzamento da cultivar Vermelhinho, única de grãos vermelhos brilhantes adaptada as condições de cultivo no estado de Minas Gerais, com linhagens elites e fontes de resistência a doenças. O programa de seleção recorrente foi conduzido avaliando-se famílias por duas gerações e a recombinação das melhores para obtenção do ciclo seguinte. No ciclo zero (C0) foram avaliadas famílias F3:5 e F3:6 e recombinadas famílias F3:7. Já no ciclo um (CI) as famílias foram extraídas na geração F5 e avaliadas nas gerações F5:6 e F5:7, sendo a recombinação realizada utilizando famílias F5:8. Após a seleção das melhores famílias para recombinação, estas continuaram sendo avaliadas visando a obtenção de linhagens. Na fase de recombinação, para obtenção da população do ciclo um, além de 17 famílias selecionadas no ciclo zero, foram incluídos três novos genitores (VR-3, VR-2 e BRS Timbó). Nos dois ciclos de seleção as famílias foram avaliadas em Coimbra-MG no delineamento em látice simples ou triplo. Como as famílias foram avaliadas em anos e gerações diferentes, a estimativa do progresso genético foi obtida comparando as 30 melhores linhagens obtidas no final de cada ciclo. As linhagens foram avaliadas juntamente com as testemunhas Ouro Vermelho e Vermelhinho no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e parcelas de duas linhas de dois metros, nas safras do inverno de 2008 e da seca e inverno de 2009. Após dois ciclos de seleção recorrente, o progresso genético foi de 7,5% para produtividade de grãos, 7,0% para aspecto de grãos, 33,4% para severidade de ferrugem e 13,2% para severidade de mancha angular. A inclusão de novas linhagens durante a fase de recombinação mostrou-se eficiente para programas de seleção recorrente com a cultura do feijoeiro. Foram obtidas linhagens de feijão vermelho superiores às cultivares Vermelhinho e Ouro Vermelho, com potencial para serem incluídas em futuros ensaios de VCU no estado de Minas Gerais. A existência de variabilidade genética, para todas as características avaliadas evidencia a possibilidade de se obter sucesso com a seleção nos ciclos seguintes e que o programa de seleção recorrente deve ter continuidade.This work was carried out to obtain an estimate of genetic progress after two cycles of recurrent selection in red bean breeding and to obtain lines aiming at the composition of the tests of Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The base population was obtained from the cross of the cultivar Vermelhinho, the only one with shiny red grains adapted to the cultivation conditions of the state of Minas Gerais, with elite lines and sources of resistance to diseases. The recurrent selection program was conducted by evaluating the families of two generations and recombination of the best ones to obtain the next cycle. At cycle zero (C0) were evaluated families F3:5 and F3:6 and recombined families F3:7. As for cycle one (CI), the families were extracted in generation F5 and evaluated in generations F5:6 and F5:7, with the recombination being carried out using the families F5:8. After selecting the best families for recombination, these continued being evaluated aiming to obtain lines. During the recombination phase, in order to obtain the cycle one population, besides the 17 families selected in cycle zero, three new parents were included (VR-3, VR-2 and BRS Timbó). In the two selection cycles, the families were evaluated in Coimbra-MG using a simple or triple lattice design. Since the families were evaluated in different years and generations, the genetic progress estimate was obtained by comparing the 30 best lines obtained at the end of the cycle. The lines were evaluated together with the checks Ouro Vermelho and Vermelhinho in a randomized block design, with three repetitions and plots of two 2-meter long lines during the 2008 winter season (sowing Jun/Jul) and 2009 dry season (sowing Feb/Mar) and winter season. After two cycles of recurrent selection, genetic progress was 7.5% for grain yield, 7.0% for grain aspect, 33.4% for rust severity and 13.2% for angular leaf spot severity. Inclusion of new lines during the recombination phase was found to be efficient for recurrent selection programs for bean plant culture. Red bean lines superior to the cultivars Vermelhinho and Ouro Vermelho were obtained, with the potential to be included in future VCU trials in the state of Minas Gerais. The existence of genetic variability for all the characteristics evaluated shows the possibility of obtaining a successful selection in the following cycles, and that the recurrent selection program must be continued.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Genetic progress and potential of common bean families obtained by recurrent selection

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic gain of two recurrent selection cycles in common bean breeding and identify families with the potential to generate superior lines. The base population, cycle zero (C0), was obtained by combining 20 carioca bean parents, populations with favorable phenotypes for several agronomically important traits. The parents were recombined in a circulant diallel scheme, in which each parent participated in two crosses, generating 20 populations. From these populations, families were derived and evaluated for three seasons in the generations F2:3, F2:4 and F2:5. The same procedures of recombination and evaluation in C0 were performed in cycle one (CI). The genetic gain for yield, estimated from the simultaneous evaluation of the 40 best families of each cycle, was 8.6%. Families with potential to generate superior lines to cultivar Pérola were identified, especially among the CI families

Utilization of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of Orthezia praelonga (sternorryncha: ortheziidae).

Avaliou-se a patogenicidade de 50 isolados de 8 espécies de fungos entomopatogênicos e o produto comercial Boverilâ, formulado com isolado ESALQ-447 de B. bassiana para ninfas de 2 e 3 ínstar de Orthezia praelonga. Em outro experimento avalio-se a produção do isolado selecionado em dois sistemas de produção. Nos ensaios de seleção foram usados tubetes de citros infestados pela cochonilha. O patógeno foi inoculado pulverizando-se 5mL de suspensão conidial por muda, na concentração de 1 x 108 conídios/mL, utilizando-se um pulverizador com pressão constante de 0,5 libras/segundo. As mudas foram mantidas em estufas B.O.D. (25±0,5°C, 70±10% UR e 12 horas de fotofase). Dos isolados testados, 30 foram patogênicos para cochonilha causando mortalidade corrigida que variaram de 1,0 % a 46,6%, sendo que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com os isolados ESALQ-972 e ESALQ-1300 de V. lecanii que proporcionaram 46,6 % e 40,5%, respectivamente, após 12 dias da aplicação. Para os testes de produção foram utilizados dois métodos. O método da bandeja no qual se utilizou o arroz pré-cozido, esterilizado e inoculado com fungo em bandejas de plástico, com ciclo de produção de 15 dias. No outro método, utilizou-se de uma caixa plástica, contendo uma lâmina d’água no fundo do recipiente e um sistema de aeração constante para fornecer pressão positiva e manter o ambiente com umidade acima de 90 %. O isolado testado foi o ESALQ-972, e os métodos da bandeja e da caixa proporcionaram produção de 1,8 x 109 e 1,0 x 109 conídios/grama de arroz, respectivamente.The pathogenicity was evaluated for 50 isolates of 8 species of entomopathogenic fungi and the commercial product Boverilâ, composed by the isolate ESALQ-447 of B. bassiana for nymphs of 2 and 3 instar of Orthezia praelonga. In another experiment the production of the isolated was selected in two production systems. In the selection tests, seedlings of citrus infested by the scale were used. The pathogen was inoculated pulverizing 5 ml of conidial suspension by seedlings, with a concentration of 1 x 108 conidia/ml, using a pulverizer with constant pressure of 0.5 lbs/second. The seedlings were kept in B.O.D. (25±0,5°C, 70±10% UR and 12 hours of photophase). From the isolates tested, 30 were pathogenic to the scale causing corrected mortality that varied from 1.0% to 46.6%, while the best results were obtained with the isolates ESALQ-972 and ESALQ-1300 of V. lecanii which generated 46.6% e 40.5%, respectively, after 12 days of aplication. For the production tests two methods were utilized. The tray method, which used the pre-cocked rice, sterilized and inoculated with fungus in plastic trays, with a production cicle of 15 days. In the other method, a plastic box was used, containing a water blade in the bottom and a constant ventilation system to provide positive pressure and keep the environment with humidity above 90%. The isolate tested was the ESALQ-972, resulting that the tray and the plastic box methods produced 1.88 x 109 and 1.0 x 109 conidia/gram of rice, respectively

GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN COWPEA LINES USING GGE BIPLOT METHOD

The GGE Biplot method is efficien to identify favorable genotypes and ideal environments for evaluation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype by environment interaction (G×E) and select elite lines of cowpea from genotypes, which are part of the cultivation and use value tests of the Embrapa Meio-Norte Breeding Program, for regions of the Brazilian Cerrado, by the GGE-Biplot method. The grain yield of 40 cowpea genotypes, 30 lines and 10 cultivars, was evaluated during three years (2010, 2011 and 2012) in three locations: Balsas (BAL), São Raimundo das Mangabeiras (SRM) and Primavera do Leste (PRL). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and adjusted means were obtained to perform the GGE-Biplot analysis. The graphic results showed variation in the performance of the genotypes in the locations evaluated over the years. The performance of the lines MNC02-675F-4-9 and MNC02-675F-4-10 were considered ideal, with maximum yield and good stability in the locations evaluated. There mega-environments were formed, encompassing environments correlated positively. The lines MNC02-675F-4-9, MNC02-675F-9-3 and MNC02-701F-2 had the best performance within each mega-environment. The environment PRL10 and lines near this environment, such as MNC02-677F-2, MNC02-677F-5 and the control cultivar (BRS-Marataoã) could be classified as those of greater reliability, determined basically by the genotypic effects, with reduced G×E. Most of the environments evaluated were ideal for evaluation of G×E, since the genotypes were well discriminated on them. Therefore, the selection of genotypes with adaptability and superior performance for specific environments through the GGE-Biplot analysis was possible

Adaptability and yield stability of cowpea elite lines of semi-prostrate growth habit in the cerrado biome

ABSTRACT The effects of the genotype × environment interaction can be reduced by using cultivars with high adaptability and good yield stability. Studies on this subject allow identification of genotypes of predictable behavior, and responsive to environmental variations in specific and general conditions, in favorable or unfavorable environments. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of cowpea elite lines of semi-prostrate growth habit in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. Twenty cowpea genotypes of semi-prostrate growth habit were evaluated in nine VCU (value for cultivation and use) tests from 2010 to 2012. Grain yield data were subjected to analysis of variance, and stability and adaptability analyses were carried out by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) (modified), Wricke (1965), and Annicchiarico (1992). The method of Wricke (1965) was not very descriptive, since it indicates only the contribution of each genotype to the genotype × environment interaction. The results obtained by the methods of Lin and Binns (1988) (modified), Annicchiarico (1992) and Eberhart and Russell (1966) were more descriptive, and similar in indicating the most promising cultivar (BRS-Xiquexique) and lines (Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2, MNC02-676F-1, MNC01-649F-2-1 and MNC02-677F-2). These lines have potential for the development of new cultivars because they present adaptability and yield stability in the Cerrado biome of Brazil

Common bean breeding to improve red grain lines

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance potential of red bean lines, derived from populations of the first cycle of recurrent selection in the common bean breeding program of the Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. In the F3:5, F3:6 and F3:7 generations, 243 families from 18 segregating populations were evaluated. These families were conducted by the bulk-within-families method and from the best, 154 lines were obtained and evaluated in the dry season of 2006 (F7: 9) and of 2007 (F7: 10), Coimbra - MG. The estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters revealed variability among families. The method bulk within F3-derived families proved useful for bean breeding. The most promising lines that may be included in future tests of value for cultivation and use (VCU), and will possibly be recommended for planting in the state of Minas Gerais, were derived from the populations Vermelhinho/AN9022180//Vermelhinho/Vermelho2157, Vermelhinho//Vermelhinho/ IAPAR81,Vermelhinho/LR720982// Vermelhinho/AB136 and Vermelhinho/AB136//Vermelhinho/ Vermelho2157.Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de linhagens de feijão vermelho, oriundas de populações do primeiro ciclo de seleção recorrente do programa de melhoramento do feijoeiro da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram avaliadas 243 famílias, provenientes de 18 populações segregantes, nas gerações F3:5, F3:6 e F3:7. Essas famílias foram conduzidas pelo método do "bulk dentro de famílias" e daquelas com maior potencial, foram extraídas 154 linhagens, avaliadas nas safras da seca de 2006 (F7:9) e seca de 2007 (F7:10), em Coimbra - MG. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos evidenciaram a presença de variabilidade entre as famílias. O método do "bulk dentro de famílias" derivadas de plantas F3 mostrou-se promissorcomo estratégia de melhoramento do feijoeiro. Linhagens com maior potencial para inclusão nos futuros ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso (VCU) para Minas Gerais foram extraídas das populações Vermelhinho/AN9022180//Vermelhinho/ Vermelho2157,Vermelhinho//Vermelhinho/IAPAR81,Vermelhi-nho/LR720982//Vermelhinho/AB136 e Vermelhinho/AB136// Vermelhinho/Vermelho2157