Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Borrelia burgdorferi em cães da região de Cotia, São Paulo, Brasil

Dogs sera samples collected from Cotia County, São Paulo were tested using indirect immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) in order to study Lyme disease serology in dogs. ELISA method was standardized and G39/40 North American strain of Borrelia burgdorferi was used as antigen. Positive results were confirmed employing the Western blotting technique. Because of the possibility of cross-reactions, sera were also tested for different serological strains of Leptospira interrogans and L. biflexa using microscopic sera agglutination test. Twenty-three of 237 (9.7%) serum samples were positive in the ELISA; 20 of them (86.9%) were confirmed by the Western blotting, what suggests that Cotia may be a risk area for Lyme disease. Although 4 samples (1.7%) were positive for Lyme disease and leptospirosis, no correlation was found between the results (X² = 0.725; p = 0.394) what suggests absence of serological cross reactivity.Com a finalidade de estudar a ocorrência da doença de Lyme em cães no Brasil, o teste imunoenzimático (ELISA) indireto, utilizado para o diagnóstico da doença no homem, foi padronizado para a espécie canina. Utilizou-se como antígeno a cepa americana de Borrelia burgdorferi G 39/40. Os soros de cães procedentes da região de Cotia, área de risco para ocorrência da doença de Lyme, foram testados e os resultados positivos foram confirmados através da técnica de "Western blotting". Para investigação de possíveis reações cruzadas, os soros foram também testados para diferentes variantes sorológicas de Leptospira interrogans e L. biflexa pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica. Dos 237 soros testados pela técnica de ELISA, 23 (9,7%) foram positivos, sendo que 20 (86,9%) destes soros foram também positivos pela técnica de "Western blotting", sugerindo que a região de Cotia seja área de risco para doença de Lyme. Embora 4 (1,7%) dos soros testados apresentassem positividade para doença de Lyme e para leptospirose concomitantemente, não foi observada associação entre estes resultados (X² = 0,725 e p = 0,394), sugerindo ausência de reatividade sorológica cruzada entre as duas enfermidades

Prospective study of the causes of death of free-living Falconiformes and Strigiformes at São Paulo City

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar as causas de morte de aves de rapina de vida livre da região do município de São Paulo e áreas vizinhas. O estudo incluiu 114 aves de rapina, sendo 40 da ordem Falconiformes e 74 da ordem Strigiformes, atendidas pela Divisão de Fauna do município de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil, durante o período de outubro de 2002 a maio de 2006. As causas de morte identificadas foram: eutanásia (41,2%); causas não-infecciosas (32,5%); causas infecciosas (19,3%); causas parasitárias (3,5%) e causas indeterminadas (3,5%). As lesões traumáticas osteoarticulares foram o motivo mais freqüente de eutanásia (51,1%), seguindo-se das lesões em tecidos moles (17,0%), lesões isquêmicas das extremidades das asas (17,0%), tricomoníase (10,6%) e causas variadas (4,3%). Os traumas se destacaram como uma importante causa de morte natural ou induzida (eutanásia). Dentre as causas de morte infecciosas, as infecções por protozoários (tricomoníase) (54,5%) foram as mais freqüentes, seguindo-se das infecções bacterianas (40,9%). O presente trabalho permitiu identificar os principais processos que causam a morte de aves de rapina, Falconiformes e Strigiformes na região de São Paulo, fornecendo importantes subsídios para o atendimento clínico e tratamento das condições mais comumente encontradas nessa população.The goal of this work was to identify and characterize the causes of death of free-living birds of prey from São Paulo city and its surroundings. In the present work 114 raptors were studied, 40 of them belonging to the Falconiformes order and 74 to the Strigiformes order, all admitted at the São Paulo City Fauna Division, Brazil, during the period of October 2002 to May 2006. The causes of death were determined as: euthanasia (41,2%), non-infectious causes (32,5%), infectious causes (19,3%), parasitic diseases (3,5%) and indeterminate (3,5%). Bones and joints lesions were the most frequent cause that lead to euthanasia (51,1%), followed by soft tissue lesions (17%), wing tips ischemic lesions (17%), Trichomoniasis (10,6%) and various causes (4,3%). Trauma outstands as an important cause of natural or induced death, while in the field of infectious diseases trichomoniasis (54,5%) was the most frequent, followed by bacterial infections (40,9%). The present study allowed us to identify the principal processes that cause the death of raptorial birds at São Paulo City. These findings also provided important information for clinical attendance and medical treatment for the most common conditions in this population

A retrospective pathology study of two Neotropical deer species (1995-2015), Brazil: Marsh deer (<i>Blastocerus dichotomus</i>) and brown brocket deer (<i>Mazama gouazoubira</i>)

<div><p>This retrospective study describes the biological and epidemiological aspects, gross and microscopical findings, and most likely causes of death (CD) in two species of Neotropical deer in Brazil. The animals were collected between 1995 and 2015 and represented 75 marsh deer (MD) and 136 brown brocket deer (BBD). Summarized, pneumonia was diagnosed microscopically in 48 MD and 52 BBD; 76 deer suffered trauma, involving dog attack (14 BBD) and vehicle-collision (14 BBD). Pulmonary edema (50 MD; 55 BBD) and congestion (57 MD; 78 BBD) were the most common findings for both species. Additionally, we diagnosed ruminal and myocardial mycosis in MD and BBD, respectively; ovarian dysgerminoma and pancreatic trematodiasis in BBD; and lesions suggestive of malignant catarrhal fever and orbiviral hemorrhagic disease in both species. The main CD in MD was: respiratory (41/75), alimentary, nutritional, trauma and euthanasia (3/75 each). Correspondingly, in BBD were: trauma (34/131), respiratory (30/131) and euthanasia (9/131). Respiratory disease was often defined by pulmonary edema and pneumonia. We provide evidence that respiratory disease, mainly pneumonia, is a critical pathological process in these Neotropical deer species. Although no etiological agents were identified, there is evidence of bacterial and viral involvement. Our results show trauma, mainly anthropogenic, as a common ailment in BBD. We propose to prioritize respiratory disease in future research focused on South American deer health aspects. We believe anthropogenic trauma may be a primary threat for populations of BBD.</p></div

Causes of death in MD and BBD.

<p>Causes of death in MD and BBD.</p

Antibody reagents, antigen retrieval and detection systems used in immunohistochemistry.

<p>Antibody reagents, antigen retrieval and detection systems used in immunohistochemistry.</p

Main gross findings in MD and BBD.

<p>Main gross findings in MD and BBD.</p

Gross findings in brown brocket deer.

<p>A) Whole body, BBD, adult, male (MG-135). Distal right metatarsal fracture due to vehicle collision. B) Lung, BBD, adult, female (MG-045). Bilateral, lobar pneumonia with hemorrhage. C) Lung, BBD, juvenile, male (MG-039). Suppurative bronchopneumonia with hemorrhage and fibrinous pleuritis. D) Left side of rostrum, BBD, female, adult (MG-125). Multiple ticks are on the skin of the cheek region. Inset: Argasidae ticks in the external ear canal.</p