10,689 research outputs found
A VLBI polarization study of SiO masers towards VY CMa
Maser emission from the SiO molecule has been widely observed in the
near-circumstellar envelopes of late-type, evolved stars. VLBI images can
resolve individual SiO maser spots, providing information about the kinematics
and magnetic field in the extended atmospheres of these stars. This poster
presents full polarization images of several SiO maser lines towards the
supergiant star VY CMa. VY CMa is a particularly strong SiO maser source and
allows observations of a wide range of maser transitions. We discuss
implications of these observations for VY CMa morphology, polarization, and
pumping models.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure: based on a poster paper at IAU Symposium 242:
Astrophysical masers and their environments, held at Alice Springs
(Australia), from March 12-16, 200
The capacity to maintain ion and water homeostasis underlies interspecific variation in Drosophila cold tolerance
Many insects, including Drosophila, succumb to the physiological effects of chilling at temperatures well above those causing freezing. Low temperature causes a loss of extracellular ion and water homeostasis in such insects, and chill injuries accumulate. Using an integrative and comparative approach, we examined the role of ion and water balance in insect chilling susceptibility/ tolerance. The Malpighian tubules (MT), of chill susceptible Drosophila species lost [Na+] and [K+] selectivity at low temperatures, which contributed to a loss of Na+ and water balance and a deleterious increase in extracellular [K+]. By contrast, the tubules of chill tolerant Drosophila species maintained their MT ion selectivity, maintained stable extracellular ion concentrations, and thereby avoided injury. The most tolerant species were able to modulate ion balance while in a cold-induced coma and this ongoing physiological acclimation process allowed some individuals of the tolerant species to recover from chill coma during low temperature exposure. Accordingly, differences in the ability to maintain homeostatic control of water and ion balance at low temperature may explain large parts of the wide intra- and interspecific variation in insect chilling tolerance
The angular power spectrum of radio emission at 2.3 GHz
We have analysed the Rhodes/HartRAO survey at 2326 MHz and derived the global
angular power spectrum of Galactic continuum emission. In order to measure the
angular power spectrum of the diffuse component, point sources were removed
from the map by median filtering. A least-square fit to the angular power
spectrum of the entire survey with a power law spectrum C_l proportional to
l^{-alpha}, gives alpha = 2.43 +/- 0.01 for l = 2-100. The angular power
spectrum of radio emission appears to steepen at high Galactic latitudes and
for observed regions with |b| > 20 deg, the fitted spectral index is alpha =
2.92 +/- 0.07. We have extrapolated this result to 30 GHz (the lowest frequency
channel of Planck) and estimate that no significant contribution to the sky
temperature fluctuation is likely to come from synchrotron at degree-angular
scalesComment: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy &
Astrophysic
The edge of galaxy formation III: The effects of warm dark matter on Milky Way satellites and field dwarfs
In this third paper of the series, we investigate the effects of warm dark
matter with a particle mass of on the smallest
galaxies in our Universe. We present a sample of 21 hydrodynamical cosmological
simulations of dwarf galaxies and 20 simulations of satellite-host galaxy
interaction that we performed both in a Cold Dark Matter (CDM) and Warm Dark
Matter (WDM) scenario. In the WDM simulations, we observe a higher critical
mass for the onset of star formation. Structure growth is delayed in WDM, as a
result WDM haloes have a stellar population on average two Gyrs younger than
their CDM counterparts. Nevertheless, despite this delayed star formation, CDM
and WDM galaxies are both able to reproduce the observed scaling relations for
velocity dispersion, stellar mass, size, and metallicity at . WDM
satellite haloes in a Milky Way mass host are more susceptible to tidal
stripping due to their lower concentrations, but their galaxies can even
survive longer than the CDM counterparts if they live in a dark matter halo
with a steeper central slope. In agreement with our previous CDM satellite
study we observe a steepening of the WDM satellites' central dark matter
density slope due to stripping. The difference in the average stellar age for
satellite galaxies, between CDM and WDM, could be used in the future for
disentangling these two models.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication on MNRA
OpenAL: Evaluation and Interpretation of Active Learning Strategies
Despite the vast body of literature on Active Learning (AL), there is no
comprehensive and open benchmark allowing for efficient and simple comparison
of proposed samplers. Additionally, the variability in experimental settings
across the literature makes it difficult to choose a sampling strategy, which
is critical due to the one-off nature of AL experiments. To address those
limitations, we introduce OpenAL, a flexible and open-source framework to
easily run and compare sampling AL strategies on a collection of realistic
tasks. The proposed benchmark is augmented with interpretability metrics and
statistical analysis methods to understand when and why some samplers
outperform others. Last but not least, practitioners can easily extend the
benchmark by submitting their own AL samplers.Comment: Published in NeurIPS 2022 Workshop on Human in the Loop Learning, 8
page
Integral models for bubble, droplet, and multiphase plume dynamics in stratification and crossflow
We present the development and validation of a numerical modeling suite for bubble and droplet dynamics of multiphase plumes in the environment. This modeling suite includes real-fluid equations of state, Lagrangian particle tracking, and two different integral plume models: an Eulerian model for a double-plume integral model in quiescent stratification and a Lagrangian integral model for multiphase plumes in stratified crossflows. Here, we report a particle tracking algorithm for dispersed-phase particles within the Lagrangian integral plume model and a comprehensive validation of the Lagrangian plume model for single- and multiphase buoyant jets. The model utilizes literature values for all entrainment and spreading coefficients and has one remaining calibration parameter (Formula presented.), which reduces the buoyant force of dispersed phase particles as they approach the edge of a Lagrangian plume element, eventually separating from the plume as it bends over in a crossflow. We report the calibrated form (Formula presented.), where b is the plume half-width, and r is the distance of a particle from the plume centerline. We apply the validated modeling suite to simulate two test cases of a subsea oil well blowout in a stratification-dominated crossflow. These tests confirm that errors from overlapping plume elements in the Lagrangian integral model during intrusion formation for a weak crossflow are negligible for predicting intrusion depth and the fate of oil droplets in the plume. The Lagrangian integral model has the added advantages of being able to account for entrainment from an arbitrary crossflow, predict the intrusion of small gas bubbles and oil droplets when appropriate, and track the pathways of individual bubbles and droplets after they separate from the main plume or intrusion layer
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