80 research outputs found
The ability of Salmonella to drill holes in the aorta.
A 56-year-old male with fever and enlarged mediastinum
underwent examinations for lymphoma. He had back pain
and hypotension. Computed tomography showed a false
aneurysm of the aortic arch (Fig. 1a). Pathological aorta
was excised. Reconstruction of the large hole on the aortic
arch (Fig. 1b) with oval patch tailored from cryopreserved
thoracic aorta was performed under hypothermic circulatory
arrest. Blood and aortic cultures grew Salmonella. The
patient had uneventful recovery. One year later is free
from infection
Video-assisted cardioscopy for removal of primary left ventricular myxoma.
Left ventricular myxoma is a rare benign cardiac tumor. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and completeness of removal is
mandatory to avoid late recurrence. A case is presented in which aortic transvalvular video-assisted cardioscopy was used to facilitate
removal
Port-Access cardiac surgery: from a learning process to the standard.
Background: Port-Access™ surgery has been one of the
most innovative and controversial methods in the spectrum
of minimally invasive techniques for cardiac operations and
has been widely used for the treatment of several cardiac diseases.
The technique was introduced in our center to evaluate
its efficacy in reproducing standardized results without an
additional risk.
Methods: Endovascular cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
through femoral access and endoluminal aortic occlusion
were used in 129 patients for a variety of surgical procedures,
all of which were video-assisted. A minimal (4-6 cm) anterior
thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space was used in
all cases as the surgical approach.
Results: More than 96% of the planned cases concluded
as true Port-Access™ procedures. Mean CBP and crossclamp
times were 87.2 min. ± 51.2 (range of 10-457) and
54.9 min. ± 30.6 (range of 10-190), respectively. Hospital
mortality for the overall group was 1.5%, and mitral valve
surgery had a 2.2% hospital death rate. The incidence of early
neurological events was 0.7%. Mean extubation time, ICU
stay, and total length of hospital stay were 5 hours ± 6 hrs.
(range of 2-32), 12 hours ± 11.8 hrs. (range of 5-78), and
7 days ± 7.03 days (range of 1-72), respectively.
Conclusions: Our experience indicates that the Port-
Access™ technique is safe and permits reproduction of standardized
results with the use of a very limited surgical
approach. We are convinced that this is a superior procedure
for certain types of surgery, including isolated primary or
redo mitral surgery, repair of a variety of atrial septal defects
(ASDs), and atrial tumors. It is especially useful in high-risk
patients, such as elderly patients or those requiring reoperation.
Simplification of the procedure is nevertheless desirable
in order to further reduce the time of operation and to
address other drawbacks
Quantum interference and Klein tunneling in graphene heterojunctions
The observation of quantum conductance oscillations in mesoscopic systems has
traditionally required the confinement of the carriers to a phase space of
reduced dimensionality. While electron optics such as lensing and focusing have
been demonstrated experimentally, building a collimated electron interferometer
in two unconfined dimensions has remained a challenge due to the difficulty of
creating electrostatic barriers that are sharp on the order of the electron
wavelength. Here, we report the observation of conductance oscillations in
extremely narrow graphene heterostructures where a resonant cavity is formed
between two electrostatically created bipolar junctions. Analysis of the
oscillations confirms that p-n junctions have a collimating effect on
ballistically transmitted carriers. The phase shift observed in the conductance
fringes at low magnetic fields is a signature of the perfect transmission of
carriers normally incident on the junctions and thus constitutes a direct
experimental observation of ``Klein Tunneling.''Comment: 13 pages and 6 figures including supplementary information. The paper
has been modified in light of new theoretical results available at
arXiv:0808.048
Quantum and classical confinement of resonant states in a trilayer graphene Fabry-Pérot interferometer
The advent of few-layer graphene has given rise to a new family of two-dimensional systems with emergent electronic properties governed by relativistic quantum mechanics. The multiple carbon sublattices endow the electronic wavefunctions with pseudospin, a lattice analogue of the relativistic electron spin, whereas the multilayer structure leads to electric-field-effect tunable electronic bands. Here we use these properties to realize giant conductance oscillations in ballistic trilayer graphene Fabry-Pérot interferometers, which result from phase coherent transport through resonant bound states beneath an electrostatic barrier. We confine these states by selectively decoupling them from the leads, resulting in transport via non-resonant states and suppression of the giant oscillations. The confinement is achieved both classically, by manipulating quasiparticle momenta with a magnetic field, and quantum mechanically, by locally varying the pseudospin character of the carrier wavefunctions. Our results illustrate the unique potential of trilayer graphene as a versatile platform for electron optics and pseudospintronics.United States. Office of Naval Research (GATE MURI)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Career Award DMR-0845287)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Brazil
Quantum and classical confinement of resonant states in a trilayer graphene Fabry-Pérot interferometer
The advent of few-layer graphene has given rise to a new family of two-dimensional systems with emergent electronic properties governed by relativistic quantum mechanics. The multiple carbon sublattices endow the electronic wavefunctions with pseudospin, a lattice analogue of the relativistic electron spin, whereas the multilayer structure leads to electric-field-effect tunable electronic bands. Here we use these properties to realize giant conductance oscillations in ballistic trilayer graphene Fabry-Pérot interferometers, which result from phase coherent transport through resonant bound states beneath an electrostatic barrier. We confine these states by selectively decoupling them from the leads, resulting in transport via non-resonant states and suppression of the giant oscillations. The confinement is achieved both classically, by manipulating quasiparticle momenta with a magnetic field, and quantum mechanically, by locally varying the pseudospin character of the carrier wavefunctions. Our results illustrate the unique potential of trilayer graphene as a versatile platform for electron optics and pseudospintronics.United States. Office of Naval Research (GATE MURI)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Career Award DMR-0845287)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Brazil
Drosophila TIEG Is a Modulator of Different Signalling Pathways Involved in Wing Patterning and Cell Proliferation
Acquisition of a final shape and size during organ development requires a
regulated program of growth and patterning controlled by a complex genetic
network of signalling molecules that must be coordinated to provide positional
information to each cell within the corresponding organ or tissue. The mechanism
by which all these signals are coordinated to yield a final response is not well
understood. Here, I have characterized the Drosophila ortholog
of the human TGF-β Inducible Early Gene 1 (dTIEG). TIEG are zinc-finger
proteins that belong to the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family and were
initially identified in human osteoblasts and pancreatic tumor cells for the
ability to enhance TGF-β response. Using the developing wing of
Drosophila as “in vivo” model, the dTIEG
function has been studied in the control of cell proliferation and patterning.
These results show that dTIEG can modulate Dpp signalling. Furthermore, dTIEG
also regulates the activity of JAK/STAT pathway suggesting a conserved role of
TIEG proteins as positive regulators of TGF-β signalling and as mediators of
the crosstalk between signalling pathways acting in a same cellular context
Downregulation of both gene expression and activity of Hsp27 improved maturation of mouse oocyte in vitro
Comparison of salivary proteome of children with different sensitivities for bitter and sweet tastes: association with body mass index
Background/objectives: Oral sensorial perception is a key aspect in food choices and knowing the mechanisms modulating such perception is of major importance in the context of child obesity, which is reaching high rates in Mediterranean countries. Salivary proteome has been linked to taste sensitivity in adults. The aim of this study was to search for differences in salivary proteomes of children with different bitter or sweet taste sensitivities and to assess if these potential differences are associated with their body mass index percentile (BMI percentile).
Subjects/methods: 387 children aged 8-9 years old were assessed for BMI percentile and classified according to their sensitivity to bitter and sweet tastes, according to their caffeine and sucrose detection thresholds, respectively. Saliva protein composition was compared among taste sensitivity groups, taking into account BMI percentile and gender, using gel-based proteomics approaches, coupled to mass spectrometry for protein identification.
Results: Among the salivary proteins related to bitter taste sensitivity, higher levels of cystatins were observed in bitter-sensitive children, in the case of those of normal weight, and in bitter low-sensitive, in the case of overweight children. For sweetness, the relationship between saliva and taste perception was also dependent on BMI percentile, with several proteins (including salivary cystatins) differing between taste sensitivity groups, with disparities arising between normal-weight and overweight children. Cystatin isoforms A, B and SA were observed to be considerably increased in saliva from obese children.
Conclusions: Salivary proteome is related with sensitivities to bitter and sweet tastes in children, but the association is dependent on BMI percentile and gender
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