LECHE Y OBESIDAD: ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS DE LOS DIFERENTES COMPONENTES DE LA LECHE EN LA SALUD METABÓLICA Y LA OBESIDAD

Objective: To examine how milk consumption could favor overweight and obesity when consumed with flavorings; the effect of consuming milk without flavoring on metabolic diseases was also examined. Design/ methodology / approach: The present study consisted in conducting a search of scientific articles in SCOPUS and ScienceDirect using the keywords: milk, obesity, fatty acids, peptides. Results: from fatty acids in milk, linoleic acid has an effect on the composition of body fat and from it, the t10, c12 isomer has been identified as responsible for the decrease in body fat, and the mechanisms by which the t10, c12 isomer affects body fat include reduction of lipid accumulation by adipocytes. Study limitations/implications: In studies previously conducted, the highest dose provided in a human trial was 6.8 g/day (50:50 mix of the t10, c12 and c9, t11 isomers) and it was mentioned that there is insufficient data in humans to determine if higher doses would produce higher weight loss. Findings/conclusions: sheep and buffalo milk had higher content of t10, c12 isomer and a modest reduction in fat loss of approximately 0.09 kg per week was found. Milk proteins also play an important role against metabolic diseases. In this regard, camel milk has peptides with antidiabetic and anti-obesity propertiesObjetivo: examinar como el consumo de leche puede favorecer al sobrepeso y obesidad cuando se consume con saborizantes; por otro lado, se examinó el efecto de consumir leche sin saborizantes sobre las enfermedades metabólicas. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: el presente trabajo consistió en realizar una búsqueda de artículos científicos en SCOPUS y ScienceDirect con las palabras clave leche, obesidad, ácidos grasos, péptidos. Resultados: de los ácidos grasos de la leche, el ácido linoléico tiene un efecto sobre la composición de grasa corporal y de este, el isómero t10, c12 ha sido identificado como el responsable de la disminución de la grasa corporal y que los mecanismos por los cuales el isómero t10, c12 afecta la grasa corporal incluyen la reducción de la acumulación de lípidos por los adipocitos. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: en estudios realizados previamente, la dosis más alta proporcionada en un ensayo en humanos hasta la fecha es de 6.8 g/d (50:50 mezcla de los isómeros t10, c12 y c9, t11) y se mencionó que no hay datos suficientes en humanos para determinar si dosis más altas producirán más pérdida de peso. Hallazgos/conclusiones: la leche de oveja y de búfala presentaron mayor contenido del isómero t10, c12 y se encontró una modesta reducción de la pérdida de grasa de aproximadamente 0.09 kg por semana. Las proteínas de la leche también juegan un papel importante contra enfermedades metabólicas. En este tenor, la leche de camello tiene péptidos con propiedades antidiabéticas y antiobesidad

PROBIOTICOS Y ENFERMEDADES NEURODEGENERATIVAS

Objective: The objective of this review was to explore the effects of prebiotics on probiotics and how they affect some neurodegenerative diseases. Design/ methodology / approach: The present work consisted in performing a search of scientific articles in SCOPUS and ScienceDirect using the keywords: prebiotic, probiotic, diseases and neurodegenerative. Results: Breast milk consumed by the infant constantly supplies probiotic bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium, which perform the function of commensals in the intestine of the newborn baby and generate benefits such as being antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and modulators of the immune response. Study limitations/implications: Probiotic supplementation shows some hopeful trends that deserve studies with longer periods to assess whether probiotics have a clinically significant impact on cognitive and metabolic symptoms. Findings/conclusions: The activity of probiotic bacteria can be favored by components with prebiotic activity such as oligosaccharides, non-protein nitrogen components and proteins, presenting a clinically significant impact on cognitive and metabolic symptoms.Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente revisión fue explorar los efectos que tiene los prebióticos sobre los probióticos y su efecto en algunas enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: el presente trabajo consistió en realizar una búsqueda de artículos científicos en SCOPUS y ScienceDirect con las palabras clave prebiótico, probiótico, enfermedades y neurodegenerativa. Resultados: la leche materna consumida por el infante aporta constantemente bacterias probióticas pertenecientes a los géneros; Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, y Bifidobacterium realizando la función de comensales en el intestino del recién nacido y generan beneficios como; antimicrobianos, antiinflamatorios y moduladores de la respuesta inmunitaria. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La suplementación probiótica muestra algunas tendencias esperanzadoras que merecen estudios con periodos más extensos para evaluar si los probióticos tienen un impacto clínicamente significativo en los síntomas cognitivos y metabólicos. Hallazgos/conclusiones: La actividad de las bacterias probióticas puede ser favorecida por los componentes con actividad prebiótica tales como; los oligosacáridos, componentes del nitrógeno no proteico y las proteínas, presentando un impacto clínicamente significativo en los síntomas cognitivos y metabólicos

Excited electronic states from a variational approach based on symmetry-projected Hartree--Fock configurations

Recent work from our research group has demonstrated that symmetry-projected Hartree--Fock (HF) methods provide a compact representation of molecular ground state wavefunctions based on a superposition of non-orthogonal Slater determinants. The symmetry-projected ansatz can account for static correlations in a computationally efficient way. Here we present a variational extension of this methodology applicable to excited states of the same symmetry as the ground state. Benchmark calculations on the C$_2$ dimer with a modest basis set, which allows comparison with full configuration interaction results, indicate that this extension provides a high quality description of the low-lying spectrum for the entire dissociation profile. We apply the same methodology to obtain the full low-lying vertical excitation spectrum of formaldehyde, in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental data, as well as to a challenging model $C_{2v}$ insertion pathway for BeH$_2$. The variational excited state methodology developed in this work has two remarkable traits: it is fully black-box and will be applicable to fairly large systems thanks to its mean-field computational cost

Economía política y finanzas públicas: teoría, evidencia y resultados de laboratorio

This paper summarizes theoretical models and empirical evidence concerning political economy of public finances. It emphasizes political and institutional issues that influence different levels of public debt and fiscal deficits in countries and subnational entities with similar economic performance, and describes fiscal contract relationships between governors and voters using principal-agent theory. It then applies methods of experimental economics and game theory, to evaluate how these relationships contribute in debt accumulation and fiscal unbalances, in a laboratory experiment in which participants act as agents (governors) and then as principals (voters).experimental economics, public finances, fiscal deficit, principal-agent

Multi-component symmetry-projected approach for molecular ground state correlations

The symmetry-projected Hartree--Fock ansatz for the electronic structure problem can efficiently account for static correlation in molecules, yet it is often unable to describe dynamic correlation in a balanced manner. Here, we consider a multi-component, systematically-improvable approach, that accounts for all ground state correlations. Our approach is based on linear combinations of symmetry-projected configurations built out of a set of non-orthogonal, variationally optimized determinants. The resulting wavefunction preserves the symmetries of the original Hamiltonian even though it is written as a superposition of deformed (broken-symmetry) determinants. We show how short expansions of this kind can provide a very accurate description of the electronic structure of simple chemical systems such as the nitrogen and the water molecules, along the entire dissociation profile. In addition, we apply this multi-component symmetry-projected approach to provide an accurate interconversion profile among the peroxo and bis($\mu$-oxo) forms of [Cu$_2$O$_2$]$^{2+}$, comparable to other state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods

Milling Process of Petroleum Coke for Sintered Steel Applications

The effect of milling on different properties of a petroleum coke has been evaluated. The material was subjected to planetary milling at two different rates (400 and 600 rev min-1) for different times up to 48 h. The milled material was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, sieve analysis, thermal analysis, chemical analysis, specific surface area and compressibility has been undertaken. The results show that the milling produces a very quick loss of the crystal structure of the coke and a rapid comminution, which lead to large increases in specific surface area and compressibility losses. The coke has shown a high activity through the milling process, absorbing a great quantity of oxygen. The increase in milling time shifts its thermal decomposition to lower temperatures.Authors want to acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Education Ministry, through Project PTR1995-0724-OP.Publicad

Low molecular weight ϵ-caprolactone-pcoumaric acid copolymers as potential biomaterials for skin regeneration applications

ϵ-caprolactone-p-coumaric acid copolymers at different mole ratios (ϵ-caprolactone:p-coumaric acid 1:0, 10:1, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1, and 2:1) were synthesized by melt-polycondensation and using 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid as catalyst. Chemical analysis by NMR and GPC showed that copolyesters were formed with decreasing molecular weight as p-coumaric acid content was increased. Physical characteristics, such as thermal and mechanical properties, as well as water uptake and water permeability, depended on the mole fraction of pcoumaric acid. The p-coumarate repetitive units increased the antioxidant capacity of the copolymers, showing antibacterial activity against the common pathogen Escherichia coli. In addition, all the synthesized copolyesters, except the one with the highest concentration of the phenolic acid, were cytocompatible and hemocompatible, thus becoming potentially useful for skin regeneration applications

Programación y gestión de redes de notas via Internet I

  Este trabajo presenta los desarrollos llevados a cabo en CIMNE en la programación y gestión de redes de motas utilizando Internet. El trabajo se enmarca dentro de la línea de I+D de CIMNE en el estudio, desarrollo y aplicación de redes de sensores inteligentes sin hilos en diversos ámbitos de la ingeniería. En las referencias [(1-3)] se describen los resultados de investigaciones anteriores del equipo de CIMNE sobre el tema. El trabajo se ha llevado a cabo en el marco de las actividades del proyecto "Desarrollo de tecnologías para investigación y gestión de procesos constructivos utilizando redes de sensores sin hilos.(PROSENSOR)" financiado por el programa PROFIT del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. El proyecto se inició en Noviembre de 2005 y su finalización está prevista en Diciembre, 2007. Los autores agradecen a la empresa Sensoria S.A., el asesoramiento y colaboración en la realización del trabajo

Reactivity Indexes and Structure of Fullerenes

The discovery of fullerenes and their production in measurable quantities launched many studies about their reactivity and possible applications. Their peculiar structure opened possibilities for their study, initially replacing carbon atoms with alternative atoms. The surface also offers the possibility of attaching several species and the interior of their hollow structure represents a challenge because of the possibility of confining elements or molecules that may become less stable when attached to the exterior of the cage. These modifications may considerably affect both chemical and physical properties. In this chapter, we propose the encapsulation of 3–10 nitrogen atoms as aggregates inside the C70 cage. We also study the structures and reactivity indexes and the stabilization conferred as a result of being part of the fullerene. These aggregates are mainly of interest because of their possible application as energetic materials