Effects of capsaicin on the circular muscle motility of the isolated guinea-pig ileum.

Effects of capsaicin on the circular muscle motility of the isolated guinea-pig ileum were investigated. Capsaicin produced a contraction followed by a relaxation of the circular muscle. Both responses were easily desensitized. As the late relaxation response was not sufficiently intense to be analyzed, the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on substance P-induced contractions was explored. Capsaicin abolished the substance P-induced contractions. This inhibitory effect was not affected by tetrodotoxin, and the effect was desensitized. Therefore, all effects of capsaicin on circular muscle motility seem to be due to the release of sensory neuropeptides, similarly to those elicited in the longitudinal muscle.</p

Capsaicin-sensitive and hexamethonium-insensitive circular muscle responses to mesenteric nerve stimulation in the isolated guinea pig ileum.

Capsaicin-sensitive and hexamethonium-insensitive contractile and relaxatory motor responses of circular muscle induced by mesenteric nerve stimulation were studied. Desensitization to substance P or to neurokinin A, or the substance P antagonist, spantide largely reduced the initial contractile response. Desensitization to calcitonin gene-related peptide moderately reduced the late prolonged relaxation response. These results indicate that both responses of the circular muscle to mesenteric nerve stimulation may be attributed to a release of neuropeptides evoked by the 'efferent' stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves.</p

Slow hyperpolarizing action of tryptamine on myenteric neurons of the isolated guinea-pig ileum.

In the present study, tryptamine produced a slow hyperpolarization in a few neurons other than a slow depolarization in myenteric neurons of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Neither the adrenergic neuron blocker, guanethidine nor the 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor, zimelidine, which can inhibit the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from enteric neurites induced by tryptamine (M. Takaki et al. (1985) Neuroscience 16, 223-240), affected this slow hyperpolarization. Therefore, it was concluded that the slow hyperpolarization induced by tryptamine in myenteric neurons was not mediated via the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine or noradrenaline. It might be possible that the hyperpolarization was induced by a direct action of tryptamine on myenteric neurons per se.</p

Extraction of the pion-nucleon sigma-term from the spectrum of exotic baryons

The pion nucleon sigma-term is extracted on the basis of the soliton picture of the nucleon from the mass spectrum of usual and the recently observed exotic baryons, assuming that they have positive parity. The value found is consistent with that inferred by means of conventional methods from pion nucleon scattering data. The study can also be considered as a phenomenological consistency check of the soliton picture of baryons.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, references added, discussion extended, to appear in Eur.Phys.J.

Entropy of Kaluza-Klein Black Hole from Kerr/CFT Correspondence

We extend the recently proposed Kerr/CFT correspondence to examine the dual conformal field theory of Kaluza-Klein black hole. For the extremal Kaluza-Klein black hole, the central charge and temperature of the dual conformal field are calculated, and the microscopic entropy calculated by using Cardy formula agrees with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of extremal Kaluza-Klein black hole. For the non-extremal case, we investigate the hidden conformal symmetry of Kaluza-Klein black hole by studying the near-region wave equation of a neutral massless scalar field, and find the left and right temperatures of dual conformal field theory. Furthermore, the entropy of non-extremal Kaluza-Klein black hole is reproduced by using Cardy formula.Comment: 13pages, no figure, published versio

Strangeness in the nucleon and the ratio of proton-to-neutron neutrino-induced quasi-elastic yield

The electroweak form factors of the nucleon as obtained within a three flavor pseudoscalar vector meson soliton model are employed to predict the ratio of the proton and neutron yields from $^{12}C$, which are induced by quasi-elastic neutrino reactions. These predictions are found to vary only moderately in the parameter space allowed by the model. The antineutrino flux of the up-coming experiment determining this ratio was previously overestimated. The corresponding correction is shown to have only a small effect on the predicted ratio. However, it is found that the experimental result for the ratio crucially depends on an accurate measurement of the energy of the knocked out nucleon.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 2 tables, 4 figures, Discussion on shape of strange form factors added, Z. Phys. A, to be publishe

Small anisotropy of the lower critical field and s±s_\pm-wave two-gap feature in single crystal LiFeAs

The in- and out-of-plane lower critical fields and magnetic penetration depths for LiFeAs were examined. The anisotropy ratio $\gamma_{H_{c1}}(0)$ is smaller than the expected theoretical value, and increased slightly with increasing temperature from 0.6$T_c$ to $T_c$. This small degree of anisotropy was numerically confirmed by considering electron correlation effect. The temperature dependence of the penetration depths followed a power law($\sim$$T^n$) below 0.3$T_c$, with $n$$>$3.5 for both $\lambda_{ab}$ and $\lambda_c$. Based on theoretical studies of iron-based superconductors, these results suggest that the superconductivity of LiFeAs can be represented by an extended $s_\pm$-wave due to weak impurity scattering effect. And the magnitudes of the two gaps were also evaluted by fitting the superfluid density for both the in- and out-of-plane to the two-gap model. The estimated values for the two gaps are consistent with the results of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and specific heat experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Scale without Conformal Invariance: Theoretical Foundations

We present the theoretical underpinnings of scale without conformal invariance in quantum field theory. In light of our results the gradient-flow interpretation of renormalization-group (RG) flow is challenged, due to deep connections between scale-invariant theories and recurrent behaviors in the RG. We show that, on scale-invariant trajectories, there is a redefinition of the dilatation current that leads to generators of dilatations that generate dilatations. Finally, we develop a systematic algorithm for the search of scale-invariant trajectories in perturbation theory.Comment: 18 pages. Added note to make clear that the results of arXiv:1106.2540 do not imply the existence of unitary theories with scale but without conformal invariance in perturbation theory in $d=4-\epsilon$ spacetime dimension

Finite Temperature Aging Holography

We construct the gravity background which describes the dual field theory with aging invariance. We choose the decay modes of the bulk scalar field in the internal spectator direction to obtain the dissipative behavior of the boundary correlation functions of the dual scalar fields. In particular, the two-time correlation function at zero temperature has the characteristic features of the aging system: power law decay, broken time translation and dynamical scaling. We also construct the black hole backgrounds with asymptotic aging invariance. We extensively study characteristic behavior of the finite temperature two-point correlation function via analytic and numerical methods.Comment: 38 pages and 5 figures, expanded discussions on correlator, one mistake is fixed, modified discussion on shear viscosity, to appear in JHE