Chemical and Structural Stability of CsPbX₃ Nanorods during Postsynthetic Anion-Exchange: Implications for Optoelectronic Functionality

We examine halide anion-exchange reactions on CsPbX3 nanorods (NRs), and we identify reaction conditions that provide complete anion exchange while retaining both the highly quantum-confined 1-D morphology and metastable crystal lattice configurations that span a range between tetragonal structures and thermodynamically preferred orthorhombic structures. We find that the chemical stability of CsPbBr3 NRs is degraded by the presence of alkyl amines that etch CsPbBr3 and result in the formation of Cs4PbBr6 and 2-D bromoplumbates. Our study outlines strategies for maintaining metastable states of the soft lattices of perovskite nanocrystals undergoing exchange reactions, despite the thermodynamic driving force toward more stable lattice configurations during this disruptive chemical transformation. These strategies can be used to fine-tune the band gap of LHP-based nanostructures while preserving structure–property relationships that are contingent on metastable shapes and crystal configurations, aiding optoelectronic applications of these materials

Increased fecundity of malathion-specific resistant beetles in absence of insecticide pressure

Despite that resistance frequency is assumed to decline when selective pressure is relaxed, the stability of resistance frequency has been observed in some insects in the absence of insecticide. In the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, the first case of malathion-resistance was reported in the early 1960s. The malathion-specific resistant phenotype has now almost completely replaced the susceptible one in red flour beetle populations. In the present study, several life-history traits that could influence the fitness of the insects were compared between insecticide-susceptible and malathion-specific resistant populations of the red flour beetle. On average, egg fertility and egg-to-adult development time did not differ between susceptible and resistant populations. However, the fecundity of resistant females was greater than that of susceptible ones. Generally, differences in development time between insecticide resistant and susceptible populations are considered as having more effect on fitness than do differences in fecundity. However, the observed increased female fecundity may participate, in combination with the previously observed increased male reproductive success, to the development and the stability of malathion-specific resistance in T. castaneum

Comparing Fuzzy and Probabilistic Approaches to Preference Uncertainty in Non-Market Valuation

Random utility maximization and fuzzy logic, Contingent valuation and preference uncertainty, c-Means clustering, Forest economics, Q51, C35,

Structural and functional bases for broad-spectrum neutralization of avian and human influenza A viruses

Influenza virus remains a serious health threat, owing to its ability to evade immune surveillance through rapid genetic drift and reassortment. Here we used a human non-immune antibody phage-display library and the H5 hemagglutinin ectodomain to select ten neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that were effective against all group 1 influenza viruses tested, including H5N1 'bird flu' and the H1N1 'Spanish flu'. The crystal structure of one such nAb bound to H5 shows that it blocks infection by inserting its heavy chain into a conserved pocket in the stem region, thus preventing membrane fusion. Nine of the nAbs employ the germline gene VH1-69, and all seem to use the same neutralizing mechanism. Our data further suggest that this region is recalcitrant to neutralization escape and that nAb-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses.Fil: Sui, Jianhua. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Dana-farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Hwang, William C.. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Perez, Sandra. National Center For Immunization And Respiratory Diseases; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Wei, Ge. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Aird, Daniel. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Dana-farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Chen, Li-Mei. National Center For Immunization And Respiratory Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Santelli, Eugenio. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Stec, Boguslaw. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Cadwell, Greg. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Ali, Maryam. Dana-farber Cancer Institute; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Wan, Hongquan. National Center For Immunization And Respiratory Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Murakami, Akikazu. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Dana-farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Yammanuru, Anuradha. Dana-farber Cancer Institute; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Han, Thomas. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Dana-farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Cox, Nancy J.. National Center For Immunization And Respiratory Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Bankston, Laurie A.. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Donis, Ruben O.. National Center For Immunization And Respiratory Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Liddington, Robert C.. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Marasco, Wayne A.. Dana-farber Cancer Institute; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unido