Diseño de antenas en guía de onda con control de alimentación mediante tornillos de sintonía

En este Proyecto Fin de Carrera se ha llevado a cabo el diseño y caracterización de antenas en guía de onda con control de alimentación mediante tornillos de sintonía. La banda de frecuencias sobre la que se ha trabajado y se han medido los resultados es el comienzo de la banda Ku (11 - 12 GHz). Los elementos radiantes que han conformado el array de antenas son ranuras rectangulares posicionadas en la cara superior de la guía rectangular. En el diseño de arrays de antenas se requiere un control muy preciso de la cantidad de potencia que debe radiar cada elemento de manera individual. Normalmente se diseñan este tipo de antenas sin tener en cuenta los acoplos mutuos entre elementos, lo cual hace que existan diferencias significativas entre el diagrama de radiación obtenido y el teórico. Así mismo, se pueden producir errores en el proceso de fabricación como consecuencia de la naturaleza falible de los métodos empleados. El método de control de alimentación desarrollado tiene como función principal compensar estos efectos indeseables e inevitables en el diseño de agrupaciones de antenas. Esto se consigue mediante la modificación de la cantidad de potencia que radia cada elemento introduciendo unos tornillos a través de la base de la guía de onda que los alimenta. De esta forma se podrá diseñar el array sin tener en cuenta los acoplos mutuos ni las pequeñas imprecisiones en la fabricación, lo cual facilitará mucho este proceso. Como objetivo adicional de este proyecto se ha intentado conseguir una variación amplia de los parámetros de alimentación y/o fase de la agrupación utilizando la misma tecnología de tornillos de sintonía, para así poder obtener una antena con muchos posibles diagramas de radiación que se pueda adaptar al funcionamiento deseado en cada momento. El diseño, fabricación y medida del array lineal ha sido llevado en su mayor parte en las instalaciones del grupo RFCAS de la Escuela Politécnica Superior, exceptuando algunas piezas que han sido fabricadas a encargo en un taller externo.This project deals with the design and characterization of slotted waveguide antenna arrays with feeding control through tuning screws. The frequency band in which we have worked and measured the results is the beginning of the Ku band (11-12 GHz). The radiant elements that form the antenna array are rectangular slots positioned on the top face of the rectangular waveguide. In the antenna arrays design it is necessary to have a very accurate control of the amount of power that any individual element has to radiate. Normally, this kind of antennas are designed without taking into account the mutual coupling effects, making some significant differences appear between the theoretical and the real radiation patterns. At the same time, there could be errors in the manufacturing process because of the instruments used therein. The feeding control method that has been developed has as its main function to compensate the undesirable and unavoidable effects in the antenna arrays design. It is achieved through the modification of the amount of power that any individual element of the array radiates, introducing some screws into the waveguide that feed the antenna. In this way, it would be possible to design the array without taking into account neither the mutual couplings nor the manufacturing inaccuracies, which will make the process easier. As an additional goal of this project, it has been attempted to achieve a wide variation of the feeding and phase array parameters using the screw tuning technology. In this manner, it would be possible to have a very adaptable antenna array. The antenna array design, manufacturing and measuring process has been made almost completely at the RFCAS facilities in Escuela Politecnica Superior, except some pieces that have been made at an external workshop

A revision of the Late Ordovician marellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

The enigmatic marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from the Upper Ordovician Letná Formation, is redescribed. Based on existing museum specimens and new material collected from the southern slope of Ostrý Hill (Beroun, Czech Republic), the morphology and taphonomy of F. bohemica is reappraised and expanded to produce a new anatomical interpretation. The previously distinct taxa F. pilosa and Furca sp., are synonymised with F. bohemica, the latter being represented by a tapho−series in which decay has obscured some of the diagnostic features. A cladistic analysis indicates close affinities between F. bohemica and the Hunsrück Slate marrellomorph Mimetaster hexagonalis, together forming the Family Mimetasteridae, contrary to previous models for marrellomorph internal relationships. As with other representatives of the group, the overall anatomy of F. bohemica is consistent with a benthic, or possibly nektobenthic, mode of life. The depositional setting of the Letná Formation indicates that F. bohemica inhabited a shallow marine environment, distinguishing it palaeoecologically from all other known marrellomorphs, which have been reported from the continental shelf

The influence of competences in business higher education: a student’s approach

[EN] Nowadays, competences have an important role in higher education. Their development may have an effect on student’s satisfaction with his/her studies. The aim of this research is to test the relationship between competences developed during the study of a university business degree and the student’s satisfaction with this degree. Moreover, we test other outcomes derived from satisfaction, such as the student’s word of mouth and his/her confirmation of the university degree that he/she chose. We design an online survey for students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration in a Spanish University. We collect 161 effective questionnaires and analyse them using structural equation modelling, specifically partial least square (PLS). Results demonstrate that competences have a strong effect on student’s satisfaction, leading to positive word of mouth and confirmation of student’s past behavior. This implies that specifying and working properly the competences of a degree becomes a priority objective for university institutions.Borraz-Mora, J.; Hernández-Ortega, B.; Melguizo-Garde, M. (2017). The influence of competences in business higher education: a student’s approach. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 826-834. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.5436OCS82683

Body shape-based biometric person recognition from mmW images

A growing interest has arisen in the security community for the use of millimeter waves in order to detect weapons and concealed objects. Also, the use of millimetre wave images has been proposed recently for biometric person recognition to overcome certain limitations of images acquired at visible frequencies. This paper proposes a biometric person recognition system based on shape information extracted from millimetre wave images. To this aim, we report experimental results using millimeter wave images with different body shape-based feature approaches: contour coordinates, shape contexts, Fourier descriptors and row and column profiles, using Dynamic Time Warping for matching. Results suggest the potential of performing person recognition through millimetre waves using only shape information, a functionality that could be easily integrated in the security scanners deployed in airportsThis work has been partially supported by project CogniMetrics TEC2015-70627-R (MINECO/FEDER), and the SPATEK network (TEC2015-68766-REDC

Occurrence of the Ordovician-type aglaspidid Tremaglaspis in the Cambrian Weeks Formation (Utah, USA)

The Guzhangian Weeks Formation preserves a diverse, yet virtually unstudied, non-trilobite arthropod fauna. Here we describe Tremaglaspis vanroyi sp. nov., the oldest representative of an enigmatic group of extinct arthropods, the Aglaspidida. Tremaglaspis was previously known from the Lower Ordovician and its morphology was regarded as particularly derived within the clade. Its occurrence in the Cambrian of Utah suggests that much of the early evolutionary history of the Aglaspidida remains unknown. A review of the environmental settings of previous aglaspidid findings suggests that these arthropods preferentially inhabited shallow-water environments, which may partially explain their limited fossil record

Método Taguchi para optimizar marcadores RAPD-PCR y determinar diversidad genética: un modelo, la tortuga cabezona Caretta caretta (Testudines: Cheloniidae)

Implementation of Taguchi method to optimize RAPD-PCR Markers for determining the genetic diversity: an example the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta(Testudines:Cheloniidae). DNA was isolated from Caretta carettatwo zone of the Colombian Caribbean (Don Diego N=5 and Rosario Islands N=3) and quantified it. Was applied a Taguchi orthogonal matriz of four variables to standardize RAPD-PCR reaction. The data were analyzed with the program PopGen. The conditions were standardized to 7.85 ng/ml of DNA, 3.5 mM MgCl2, 200 mM dNTP's, 0.5 mM oligonucleotide and one unit of Taq DNA polymerase in a final reaction volume of 20 ml. Thermocycling conditions initiated at 94°C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of: 94°C for 40 s, 37°C for 40 s and 72°C for 90 s. The markers were recorded in a binary matrix of presence (1) and absence (0), and as a model example of genetic diversity was determined using the Shannon index (H '= 0.44 + / -0.27 individuals and Don Diego H '= 0.25 + / -0.32 for Isla del Rosario), the average rate of genetic structure (Gst=0.27) and the effective migration rate (Nm=1.28). Methodology was standardized using Taguchi method that produces bands of light, legible and reproducible that can be used as a reliable alternative for studies of genetic diversity in the loggerhead turtle and other species, and further, integrate them into the curriculum of molecular biology and/or biochemistry for undergraduate and graduate students.Se implementó el método Taguchi para optimizar marcadores RAPD-PCR que permitan estimar la diversidad genética con el modelo: tortuga cabezona. Se aisló ADN de C. caretta de dos zonas del Caribe colombiano (Don Diego N = 5 e Islas del Rosario N = 3) y se cuantificó. Se aplicó una matriz ortogonal de Taguchi para estandarizar cuatro variables para la reacción RAPD-PCR. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con el programa PopGen. Las condiciones estandarizadas se encontraron con 7,85 ng/μl de ADN, 3,5 mM de MgCl2, 200 mM de dNTP´s, 0,5 μM de oligonucleótido y una unidad de Taq ADN polimerasa, en un volumen final de reacción de 20 μl. Las condiciones de termociclado iniciaron a 94°C por 5 m, seguido de 40 ciclos de: 94°C por 40 s, 37°C por 40 s y 72°C por 90 s. Los marcadores se registraron en una matriz binaria de presencia (1) y ausencia (0), y como un ejemplo modelo se determinó la diversidad genética utilizando el índice de Shannon (H´= 0,44+/–0,27 individuos de Don Diego y de H´= 0,25+/–0,32 para Isla del Rosario), el índice promedio de estructura genética (Gst = 0,27) y el índice de migración efectiva (Nm = 1,28). Se estandarizó una metodología haciendo uso del método de Taguchi que produce bandas claras, legibles y reproducibles, método que puede emplearse como alternativa confiable para realizar estudios de diversidad genética en la tortuga cabezona o de otras especies, y adicionalmente, integrarlos en el currículo de biología molecular y/o bioquímica para estudiantes de pregrado y maestría

Cu, Mn, and Ag mineralization in the Quebrada Marquesa Quadrangle, Chile: the Talcuna and Arqueros districts

The Quebrada Marquesa Quadrangle in Chile exhibits a series of mineralizations comprising manto-type manganese and copper deposits of Lower Creta-ceous age, and copper and silver veins of Tertiary age. The deposits are hosted by volcanic and volcaniclastic units of the Arqueros (Hauterivian-Barremian) and Quebrada Marquesa (Barremian-Albian) Formations. Three episodes of manganese mineralization (Mn1-3) are recognized within the study area. Hydrothermal activity leading to episodes 1 and 3 was of minor importance, while the second one (Mn2) gave rise to major manto-type deposits of both manganese and copper in the Talcuna mining district. Extensional faulting during Tertiary time resulted in block faulting and the unroofing of the oldest andesitic volcanics and marine sediments (Arqueros Formation). This episode was accompanied by magmatic and hydrothermal activity leading to vein formation in the Arqueros (Ag) and Talcuna (Cu) districts. The latter veins cross-cut the previous manto-type copper deposits. Ore mineralogy is similar in both styles of mineralization (manto- and vein-type) and consists mainly of chalcopyrite and bor-nite, with variable amounts of galena, tetrahedrite (vein-related), chalcocite, sphalerite, pyrite, hematite, digenite and covellite. Alteration processes at Talcuna can be divided into two categories, those related to the Lower Cretaceous manto-type episode (LK alteration: chlorite-epidote-calcite-albite, prehnite, zeolite), and those associated with the locally mineralized normal faults of Tertiary age (Tt alteration: chlorite-calcite, sericite). The Arqueros silver veins display an ore mineralogy consisting of arquerite, argentite, native silver, polybasite, cerargyrite and pyrargyrite-proustite; associated altera-tion includes strong chloritization of the country rock. The manto-type deposits formed from fluids of salinity between 11 and 19 wt.% NaCl equivalent and temperatures between 120 and 205 °C. Mineralizing fluids during the vein-type stage circulated at lower temperatures, between 70 and 170 °C, with salinity values in a wide range from 3 to 27 wt.% NaCl equivalent. This distribution of salinities is interpreted as the result of the complex interplay of two diferent processes: boiling and fluid mixing; the former is considered to control the major mineralogical, textural and fluid inclusion features of the vein-type deposits. We suggest that the Lower Cretaceous mineralization (manto-type stage) developed in response to widespread hydrothermal activity (geothermal field-type) involving basinal brines

DeepFakes Detection Based on Heart Rate Estimation: Single- and Multi-frame

This chapter describes a DeepFake detection framework based on physiological measurement. In particular, we consider information related to the heart rate using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG). rPPG methods analyze video sequences looking for subtle color changes in the human skin, revealing the presence of human blood under the tissues. This chapter explores to what extent rPPG is useful for the detection of DeepFake videos. We analyze the recent fake detector named DeepFakesON-Phys that is based on a Convolutional Attention Network (CAN), which extracts spatial and temporal information from video frames, analyzing and combining both sources to better detect fake videos. DeepFakesON-Phys has been experimentally evaluated using the latest public databases in the field: Celeb-DF v2 and DFDC. The results achieved for DeepFake detection based on a single frame are over 98% AUC (Area Under the Curve) on both databases, proving the success of fake detectors based on physiological measurement to detect the latest DeepFake videos. In this chapter, we also propose and study heuristical and statistical approaches for performing continuous DeepFake detection by combining scores from consecutive frames with low latency and high accuracy (100% on the Celeb-DF v2 evaluation dataset). We show that combining scores extracted from short-time video sequences can improve the discrimination power of DeepFakesON-PhysThis work has been supported by projects: PRIMA (H2020-MSCA-ITN2019-860315), TRESPASS-ETN (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019-860813), BIBECA (MINECO/FEDER RTI2018-101248-B-I00), and COST CA16101 (MULTI-FORESEE). J. H.-O. is supported by a PhD fellowship from UA

Active detection of age groups based on touch interaction

This paper studies user classification into children and adults according to their interaction with touchscreen devices. We analyse the performance of two sets of features derived from the Sigma-Lognormal theory of rapid human movements and global characterization of touchscreen interaction. We propose an active detection approach aimed to continuously monitorize the user patterns. The experimentation is conducted on a publicly available database with samples obtained from 89 children between 3 and 6 years old and 30 adults. We have used Support Vector Machines algorithm to classify the resulting features into age groups. The sets of features are fused at score level using data from smartphones and tablets. The results, with correct classification rates over 96%, show the discriminative ability of the proposed neuromotorinspired features to classify age groups according to the interaction with touch devices. In active detection setup, our method is able to identify a child using only 4 gestures in averageThis work was funded by the project CogniMetrics (TEC2015-70627-R) and Bio-Guard (Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica 2017