Effect of vegetable diets versus diets with processed animal proteins on performance and health status of laying hens = Effecten van plantaardig voer versus voer met dierlijke eiwitten op productieprestaties en gezondheidsstatus van leghennen

Meat and bone meal and meat meal in diets and their effects on performance and health status of laying hens has been reviewed. Properties of dietary animal proteins are compared with dietary vegetable proteins and possible causative factors for differences in performance and health are described in this repor

Tannins in faba beans (Vicia faba L.) : antinutritional properties in monogastric animals

Condensed tannins are found in coloured-flowering varieties of faba beans ( Viciafaba L.). They are considered as antinutritional factors for nonruminant species. High-tannin hulls of faba beans and isolated tannins were shown to induce a rapid hypertrophy of the parotid glands in rats and increase the secretion of salivary proline-rich proteins with a high affinity for tannins. In this way rats are able to defend themselves against more harmful effects of tannins. The growth performance of chickens on diets containing 300 g/kg of either low-tannin or hightannin faba beans did not differ. In contrast, the apparent ileal and faecal digestibility in pigs of protein and amino acids differed significantly between both types of beans, in favour of the low-tannin beans. Inclusion of hulls of faba beans with either a low or a high tannin content in diets for piglets revealed that tannins in faba beans reduce in particular the apparent faecal digestibility of protein and amino acids and the N balance. No systemic/toxic effects of feeding high-tannin hulls to pigs were found. The activity of trypsin and, to a lesser extent, chymotrypsin was reduced in digesta collected from the small intestine of pigs. It was shown with the 15N isotope dilution technique that about half of the extra protein appearing in ileal digesta and faeces of pigs when feeding faba bean hulls with a high tannin content is of endogenous origin. The other half consists of dietary protein. Tannins from faba beans show some preference to interact with proteins with a high content of proline and histidine. A concept for the effects and mode of action of faba bean tannins in different monogastric animal species is discussed

THE EFFECT OF HIGH DIETARY FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT ON THE FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND CHEMICAL BODY COMPOSITION OF FATTENING PIGS

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fermentable carbohydrates (FC = faecal digestible organic matter - faecal digestible crude protein- faecal digestible crude fat - starch - sugars) on the body composition and meat quality of pigs. A total of seventy two Stamboek hybrid pigs were housed in groups of six per pen (two pens with gilts and two with barrows per treatment). Three diets were formulated with a low, medium and high FC content (63, 148, 233 g/kg in the grower diets (45-75 kg) and 67, 152, 237 g/kg in the finisher diets (75-110 kg)). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. At slaughter (110 kg LW) lean meat percentage, meat quality and chemical body composition were determined. Our data indicated, that carcass grading was improved by dietary FC. Diet with the high level of fermentable carbohydrates decreased fatness of the carcass and the organ fraction. It can be concluded that the fattening performance (FI, ADG, FCR) was not affected adversely by the high FC intake, but carcass quality in pigs could be improved. Feedstuffs high in fermentable carbohydrates can be valuable ingredients for pig diets, once their energy content has been properly estimated

Effecten van diermeel in het voer op gezondheid en welzijn van pluimvee en varkens

Productivity of poultry and pigs is similar or slightly improved by dietary inclusion of processed animal protein (PAP). In some studies it was demonstrated that gut health was improved by dietary inclusion of PAP. The risk for feather pecking and cannibalism in layers may be decreased by use of PAP. In all vegetable diets higher supplementation levels of free amino acids, minerals to the diet should be used in order to meet the nutrient requirements of the animals. Inclusion of PAP in compound feeds for poultry and pigs enlarges the matrix of ingredients rich in protein

Melk kan nog gezonder

Melk biedt niet alleen bescherming aan zuigelingen en pasgeboren zoogdieren. Ook gespeende dieren en volwassenen profiteren van de gezonde inhoudsstoffen in melk. Dankzij nieuwe technieken heeft ASG zicht op voermethoden die het gehalte aan gezondheidsbevorderende stoffen in melk verhoge

Techniques for evaluating nutrient status in farm animals

It is the aim of the study to present a literature review on methods and techniques for determining nutrient status of different farm animal species (ruminants, pigs and poultry). The study focusses especially on the options to determine nutrient status in farm animals from a research perspective rather than on the possibilities for their practical application and related technical issues

Amount and amino acid composition of basal endogenous protein losses at the terminal ileum of broilers

In this report literature data on endogenous ileal protein and amino acid losses in broilers are reviewed. The aim was to propose an estimated value for the flow of basal endogenous protein at the terminal ileum and to determine the amino acid composition of the basal endogenous protein. The proposed basal endogenous ileal amino acid flows can subsequently be used to calculate standardized ileal digestible amino acid values for feedstuffs for poultry from experimentally determined apparent ileal digestible amino acids.Basal endogenous ileal amino acids losses are expressed in mg per kg dry matter intake. The quantitative flow of basal endogenous amino acids at the terminal ileum is dependent on the methodology used for quantification, the age of the animals and the presence of phytate and phytase in the diet. From our literature survey we concluded that the nitrogen free feeding method (NFD) and the regression method (REG) are most suitable to determine basal endogenous amino acids at the terminal ileum in broilers. Based on 29 observations from 25 studies with NFD, 6 observations of 4 REG studies, 5 observations of 3 HDP studies and 2 observations from 2 EHC studies, we calculated the basal ileal endogenous amino acid flow in broilers aged 15 to 45 days. The total flow of basal endogenous ileal amino acids amounts 5.90 g AA per kg dry matter intake. The values for basal endogenous ileal flow of the individual amino acids are used by CVB to estimate standardized ileal amino acid digestibility values from apparent amino acid digestibility values of feedstuffs for broilers (see CVB Documentation Report no. 61).Ileal endogenous protein is rich in GLU, ASP, GLY, THR, SER and PRO and rather closely reflects the composition of mucoproteins

Ermenilerin ülkücüleri

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 77/A-Ermeniler. Not: Gazetenin “Olaylar ve Görüşler” köşesinde yayımlanmıştır.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Amino acid and energy requirements of growing-finishing pigs kept under low and high sanitary conditions

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary energy source (starch vs fat) and of increased levels of dietary energy and essential amino acids (EAA), related to the assumed increased EAA and energy requirements in immune stimulated pigs, on the growth performance of growing-finishing (GF) pigs under low sanitary conditions (LSC), in which the immune system of the pigs was activated, or under high sanitary conditions (HSC) resulting in a lower state of activation of the immune system. The trial was conducted with 408 male pigs (Tempo boar x (York x Dutch Landrace) sow) during the weaner, grower and finisher phase. Piglets were weaned at an age of four weeks and followed till delivery to the slaughterhouse. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, pigs were allocated to either high sanitary conditions (HSC) or low sanitary conditions (LSC). A contrast in sanitary conditions was generated by imposing to the pigs differences in strategy for vaccination against pathogens, cleaning and hygiene protocol, antibiotic treatment and deworming. During the growing and finishing period, pigs had ad libitum access to one of four experimental diets, a diet with starch as main energy source or a diet with fat and starch as main energy source, each diet having either basal energy and EAA concentrations (B diet) or increased concentrations in energy and EAA (I diet). The levels of supplementation of EAA and energy in the I diets compared to the B diets were based on a model that calculated the effects of low sanitary conditions on the EAA and energy requirements of pigs. At an age of nine weeks, pigs were moved to the rooms for GF pigs. The HSC GF pigs were fed a starter diet during the first five weeks, followed by a grower diet for four weeks and then a finisher diet till delivery to the slaughterhouse. The LSC GF pigs were fed a starter diet during six weeks, followed by a grower diet for four weeks and then a finisher diet till delivery to the slaughterhouse. In all pens, 8 or 9 GF pigs were housed

THE EFFECT OF HIGH DIETARY FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT ON THE FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND CHEMICAL BODY COMPOSITION OF FATTENING PIGS

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fermentable carbohydrates (FC = faecal digestible organic matter - faecal digestible crude protein- faecal digestible crude fat - starch - sugars) on the body composition and meat quality of pigs. A total of seventy two Stamboek hybrid pigs were housed in groups of six per pen (two pens with gilts and two with barrows per treatment). Three diets were formulated with a low, medium and high FC content (63, 148, 233 g/kg in the grower diets (45-75 kg) and 67, 152, 237 g/kg in the finisher diets (75-110 kg)). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. At slaughter (110 kg LW) lean meat percentage, meat quality and chemical body composition were determined. Our data indicated, that carcass grading was improved by dietary FC. Diet with the high level of fermentable carbohydrates decreased fatness of the carcass and the organ fraction. It can be concluded that the fattening performance (FI, ADG, FCR) was not affected adversely by the high FC intake, but carcass quality in pigs could be improved. Feedstuffs high in fermentable carbohydrates can be valuable ingredients for pig diets, once their energy content has been properly estimated