Paralog specific role of COPI pathway in P19 neuronal differentiation

COPI vesicles mediate retrograde Golgi to ER transport and intra-Golgi transport within the secretory pathway. COPI vesicles are Golgi derived vesicles, which are coated with heptameric complex known as coatomer. Coatomer is made up of seven subunits alpha, beta, beta prime,delta, gamma,zeta and epsilon-COP. COPI coatomer is recruited to the Golgi membrane with the help of small GTPases Arf to stimulate the vesicle formation and capture cargo proteins to deliver them to the targeted membrane. In mammals the -COP subunit has two paralogs. Whereas in the related COPII system, paralogs of coat subunits were shown to expand the cargo repertoire of COPII vesicles, no paralog specific function had been described to date for COPI paralog subunits. In this work we have set out to investigate such specific functions. Guided by RNAseq data in differentiating mES that showed that Copg1 is upregulated during neuronal differentiation. We generated Copg1 and Copg2 KO P19 pluripotent cells and studied if they could differentiate. Strikingly Copg1 KO cells fail to form tight embryonic bodies (EBs) and to form long neurites though they could differentiate into neurons. This work shows for the first time strong evidence for paralog-specific function of the COPI pathway in mammalian cells

Uterine artery doppler indices may predict intrauterine contraceptive device-related abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the role of colour Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries as a predictor of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD)-induced abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: A prospective study was performed on 120 women (60 without AUB and 60 with AUB) who had copper IUCD inserted as a method of contraception. Detailed history, general and local examination and relevant investigations were done. Pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of uterine artery measured at 3 months after IUCD insertion.Results: Cut-off levels for PI and RI of uterine arteries were set. PI cut-off level <2.09 with sensitivity of 58.3%, specificity of 61.67% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.666. RI cut-off level ≤0.83 with sensitivity of 53.33%, specificity of 66.67% and AUC of 0.703. These cut-off levels were associated with abnormal uterine bleeding.Conclusions: Initial measurement of uterine artery Doppler indices (PI and RI) before IUCD insertion could be useful in predicting IUCD-induced abnormal uterine bleeding which is the major cause of method withdrawal during the first year of use and accordingly women could be counseled to consider another method of contraception.

OPTIMIZED SIMULTANEOUS AUTHENTICATION OF EQUALS (SAE) IDENTITY PRE-SHARED KEY (IPSK)

Presented here are techniques for the residential deployment of common Wi-Fi® services with an optimized Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) Identity Pre-Shared Key (iPSK) flow. The techniques presented herein avoid the use of an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server for clients whose entries are absent through the upfront use of bloom filter information provided by an AAA server. The techniques presented herein can also be used for Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) iPSK optimization or SAE (Wi-Fi® Protected Access 3 (WPA3) personal), which has more latency sensitive call flow due to SAE auth commit timeouts consideration

OPTIMIZED SIMULTANEOUS AUTHENTICATION OF EQUALS (SAE) IDENTITY PRE-SHARED KEY (IPSK)

Presented here are techniques for the residential deployment of common Wi-Fi® services with an optimized Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) Identity Pre-Shared Key (iPSK) flow. The techniques presented herein avoid the use of an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server for clients whose entries are absent through the upfront use of bloom filter information provided by an AAA server. The techniques presented herein can also be used for Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) iPSK optimization or SAE (Wi-Fi® Protected Access 3 (WPA3) personal), which has more latency sensitive call flow due to SAE auth commit timeouts consideration

Molecular variations due to phylogeographic factors in Channa punctatus found in different regions of India

Channa punctatus is a freshwater fish belonging to family Ophiocephalidae. This fish is available in almost all over the country. In present communication molecular study of COI region of mitochondrial gene was done to find out intraspecific differences in genome of Channa punctatus habitating in different states of India having variable environmental conditions. Result showed minor variations in mitochondrial genome of Channa punctatus and utility of molecular markers to show intraspecific variations

Development of iron oxide/activated carbon nanoparticle composite for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe3O4/AC) were fabricated by co-precipitation method for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode. These nanoparticles were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM and VSM. The optimum conditions for the removal of ions were pH = 2 for Cr(VI) and 6 for Cu(II) and Cd (II), initial metal ion concentration = 50 mg L-1, nanoparticle dose = 50 mg/10 mL, temperature = 25 +/- 1 degrees C, shaking speed = 180 rpm and contact time = 3 h. The equilibrium data of ions sorption were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Intraparticle Diffusion model. The R-2 values obtained by Langmuir model were highest by Fe3O4/AC for Cr(VI) = 0.9994, Cu(II) = 0.9998 and Cd(II) = 0.9750. The temperature dependent study in the range of 288-328 K confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Desorption studies with 0.1M HCl stated that these nanoparticles can be regenerated effectively and can be used after four adsorption-desorption cycles without any mass loss.Peer reviewe

Performance evaluation of an energy efficient educational building in India

Buildings consume 33% of total energy (24% domestic and 9% commercial) in India and this is growing at 8% per annum. Reliance on fossil fuel and increasing demand for energy has led to having an unregulated energy use in buildings in India. Despite multiple instances of green buildings existing throughout India wide-scale adoption of green building practices have not been observed. This leads to higher than predicted energy use. Building Performance Evaluation is essential to reduce this gap and help buildings perform better. Despite the improvements in building systems and services, energy efficient building design and implementation – there is a growing gap observed between the intended and actual performance of buildings leading to higher than expected energy use. The purpose of this study is to understand this performance gap for a university building. The study evaluates the actual performance of this building through on-site measurements and provides feedback for the building to perform better

Mechanisms of Action of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair Regeneration and their Implications

Cell replacement therapy holds a promising future in the treatment of degenerative diseases related to neuronal, cardiac and bone tissues. In such kind of diseases, there is a progressive loss of specific types of cells. Currently the most upcoming and trusted cell candidate is Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as these cells are easy to isolate from the tissue, easy to maintain and expand and no ethical concerns are linked. MSCs can be obtained from a number of sources like bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord, dental pulp, adipose tissues, etc. MSCs help in tissue repair and regeneration by various mechanisms of action like cell differentiation, immunomodulation, paracrine effect, etc. The future of regenerative medicine lies in tissue engineering and exploiting various properties to yield maximum output. In the current review article, we have targeted the repair and regeneration mechanisms of MSCs in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac diseases and those related to bones. Yet there is a lot to understand, discover and then understand again about the molecular mechanisms of MSCs and then applying this knowledge in developing the therapy to get maximum repair and regeneration of concerned tissue and in turn the recovery of the patient

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Recent Advances in NDDS (Novel drug delivery systems) for delivery of Anti- HIV drugs

ABSTRACT Novel drug delivery systems present an opportunity for formulation scientists to overcome the many challenges associated with antiretroviral (ARV) drug therapy, thereby improving the management of patients with HIV/AIDS. Currently available Anti-HIV drugs can be classified into three categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. Most of these drugs bear some significant drawbacks such as relatively short half-life, low bioavailability, poor permeability and undesirable side effects. Efforts have been made to design drug delivery systems for antiHIV agents to: a) reduce the dosing frequency, b) increase the bioavailability and decrease the degradation/metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, c) improve the CNS penetration and inhibit the CNS efflux, and d) deliver them to the target cells selectively with minimal side effects. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the various ARV delivery systems that have been developed for achieving sustained drug release kinetics, specifically targeting drugs to the macrophages, brain and gastric mucosa, and for addressing formulation difficulties such as poor solubility, stability and drug entrapment. Studies on the potential of systems for alternative routes of ARV drug administration, i.e, transdermal and buccal are also highlighted. The physico-chemical properties and the in vitro/in vivo performances of various systems such as sustained release tablets, ceramic implants, nanoparticles, nanocontainers, liposomes, emulsomes, aspasomes, microemulsions, nanopowders and Pheroid TM are summarised. Further studies that remain to be undertaken for formulation optimisation are also identified. This review highlights the significant potential that novel drug delivery systems have for the future effective treatment of HIV/AIDS patients on ARV drug therapy