Observation-based 3-D view of aerosol radiative properties over Indian Continental Tropical Convergence Zone: Implications to regional climate

Spatial vertical distributions of aerosol radiative properties over Indian Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) up to 6 km altitude during the pre-monsoon monsoon seasons of 2008 have been measured reported for the first time. Inter-seasonal intra-seasonal comparisons of different aerosol properties below above the boundary layer are carried out in among different regions of CTCZ. During pre-monsoon, aerosol layers were found to be present up to altitude as high as 6 km over the Indo-Gangetic Plains Himalayan foothills. A large increase in absorption coefficients (by two to five times) near the Himalayan foothills coastal India than the background values may be attributed to extensive biomass burning as supported by fire counts data. During monsoon, the aerosols were mostly confined to lower troposphere. However, absorbing aerosols were found to rebuild much faster than scattering aerosols after rains. Heating rates were very high over urban city of Bareilly peaking around 2 km during the pre-monsoon. The HR values over urban Kanpur during monsoon were comparable to Bareilly during pre-monsoon. Negligible latitudinal gradient of heating rate from the Himalayan foothill to central India was observed during both the seasons

Diversity and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in a Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System

The role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea was evaluated using amoA gene in a freshwater recirculating system. Broken earthen pot pieces (BEP) were used as filter bed material. Five archaeal and four bacterial operational taxonomic units were retrieved from amoA genes. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices were higher in archaeal amoAsequence compared with the bacteria. Subtype diversity ratio and subtype diversity variance were 0.522 and 0.008, respectively, for archaea and 0.403 and 0.015, respectively, for bacteria. In archaea, 50% amoA sequences showed 99%–100% similarity with the known sequences of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A of uncultured archaeon clones and thaumarchaeote. In bacteria, 84% sequences showed 99% similarity with amoAsequences of different uncultured bacterial clone and Nitrosomonadaceae. Absolute quantification showed that the abundance of archaea was 12-fold higher compared with bacteria. In this recirculating system, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria played a major role; BEP supported the growth of these ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms

Synthesis, spectral and thermal studies on schiff base derivatives of heterobimetallic [Ca(II)-Ti(IV)]-µoxoisopropoxide

Hydrothermally assisted sol-gel process gives the hydrolyzed product and thermal study of these products favors the formation of multicomponent oxides. The studies reveal that Schiff base derivatives are monomeric in nature and low susceptible to hydrolysis as compared to parent compound and may prove excellent precursors for the mixed metal oxides

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of some α-amino acids by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide

116-119Oxidation of nine α-amino acids by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (PHPB) in aqueous acetic acid leads to the formation of the corresponding aldehydes. The reaction is first order with respect to PHPB. Michaelis-Menten type kinetics are observed with respect to some of the amino acids while other amino acids exhibit a second order dependence. The oxidation of perdeuterioglycine showed the absence of a kinetic isotope effect. The effect of solvent composition indicates that the reaction rate increases with an increase in the polarity of the medium. Addition of pyridinium hydrobromide and bromide ion have no effect on the rate of oxidation. The reaction is susceptible to both polar and steric effects of the substituents. It failed to induce polymerization of acrylonitrile. Suitable mechanisms have been proposed

Synthesis of Novel Bis-enaminones by KHSO4-assisted Facile Michael Addition-elimination Reaction of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones with Diamines in Water

Lincoln BooterySign for "The Florsheim Shoe" is in the front window. Two U.S. flags and a doll steering a small boat are part of the window display.Wnentkowski, J. (Shoe Store) / Lincoln Bootin

Diversity and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in a Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System

The role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea was evaluated using amoA gene in a freshwater recirculating system. Broken earthen pot pieces (BEP) were used as filter bed material. Five archaeal and four bacterial operational taxonomic units were retrieved from amoA genes. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices were higher in archaeal amoA sequence compared with the bacteria. Subtype diversity ratio and subtype diversity variance were 0.522 and 0.008, respectively, for archaea and 0.403 and 0.015, respectively, for bacteria. In archaea, 50% amoA sequences showed 99%–100% similarity with the known sequences of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A of uncultured archaeon clones and thaumarchaeote. In bacteria, 84% sequences showed 99% similarity with amoA sequences of different uncultured bacterial clone and Nitrosomonadaceae. Absolute quantification showed that the abundance of archaea was 12-fold higher compared with bacteria. In this recirculating system, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria played a major role; BEP supported the growth of these ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms

Investigation of antituberculosis, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory efficacies of newly synthesized transition metal(II) complexes of hydrazone ligands: structural elucidation and theoretical studies

Abstract Tuberculosis disease is a serious threat to humans and spreading quickly worldwide, therefore, to find a potent drug, the synthesis of hydrazone ligands endowed Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) metal complexes were carried out and well characterized by numerous spectral and analytical techniques. The octahedral geometry of the complexes was confirmed by spectral analysis. Further, in vitro antituberculosis efficacy of the compounds (1–10) revealed that complexes (6), (9), (10) have highest potency to control TB malformation with 0.0028 ± 0.0013–0.0063 ± 0.0013 µmol/mL MIC value while Zn(II) complex (10) (0.0028 ± 0.0013 µmol/mL) has nearly four time potent to suppress TB disease in comparison of streptomycin (0.0107 ± 0.0011 µmol/mL). The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory evaluations revealed that the complex (10) is more active with lowest MIC (0.0057–0.0114 µmol/mL) and IC50 (7.14 ± 0.05 µM) values, correspondingly which are comparable with their respective standard drugs. Furthermore, the theoretical studies such as molecular docking, DFT, MESP and ADMET were employed to authenticate the potency of HL 2 hydrazone ligand (2) and its metal complexes (7–10) which revealed that the zinc(II) complex (10) might be utilized as novel drug candidate for tuberculosis dysfunctions. So, the present research gives a new insight for in vivo investigation of the compounds